• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.415-425
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• 2013

This study compared the characteristics of five Bacillus strains capable of aerobic and anaerobic growth, CBW3, CBW4, CBW9, CBW14 and EBW10. They were isolated and selected from a polychaete, Perinereis aibuhitensis, which is known as a good degrader of organic compounds in marine wetland. Based on a 16S rRNA sequence, CBW3 and CBW14 were found to share more than 99.8% similarity with B. nanhaiensis, B. arsenicus and B. barbaricus. CBW4, CBW9 and EBW10 shared 92.7%, 99.8%, and 99.8% similarity with B. anthracis, B. algicoa and B. thuringiensis, respectively. The temperature, salinity, and pH ranges of the cell growth of the Bacillus strains were $4-45^{\circ}C$, 0-17%, and pH 5-pH 9, respectively. All Bacillus strains were found to exhibit enzyme activities for the degradation of casein and starch. Notably, strain EBW10 exhibited the enzyme activities for all the tested macromolecules, DNA, casein, starch, cellulose, and four kinds of Tweens, which suggests the possibility that it had protease, amylase, cellulose, and lipase. All five Bacillus strains had alkaline phosphatase activities, and the strains CBW3, CBW4, and EBW10 also had acid phospatase. Strains CBW3 and EBW10 exhibited the enzyme activities both for esterase (C4) and esterase lipase (C8). The analysis of fatty acids revealed that in all strains, major fatty acids were anteiso $C_{15:0}$ and iso $C_{15:0}$.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1212-1218
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• 2014

This paper proposes a planar bow-tie UWB antenna by modifying the ground patch of a reference bowtie-monopole antenna satisfying low band of UWB. The proposed antenna was implemented with five-angled ground patch to be operated in whole UWB band, while the reference antenna had a ground patch of half circle type. The measured return loss satisfies less than -10 dB in 3.1~10.6 GHz, except 4.9~5.8 GHz rejection band. The measured radiation pattern is almost the same with that of the monopole antenna. The radiation gain reduction is about 8 dB at rejection band.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.17-26
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• 1979

This research is to prevent the infection of maternity in the hospital by examining the microbes contaminations in maternity through airbone microbes and those who are engaged in the ward of O.B. ＆ G.Y. and to furnish the basic data available to hospital management. The bacterial growth of airbone microbes contaminations in nosocomial air and who thor the nasal cavity of passers by (doctors, nurses, parturient women) who went to the ward of O.B. ＆ G.Y. contaminated or not were examined in“E”Univ. Hospital from July to August, 1979 by using thioglycollate broths and agar plates. The following results were obtained: 1. The average colony number of airborne microbes revealed as follows the pediatric ward (36 colonies), the internal ward (33 colonies), the ward of O.B. ＆ G.Y. (30 colonies), the ward of surgery (24 colonies), delivery-waiting room (11 colonies), and the delivery room (3 colonies). 2. The bacterial growth beforenoon differed from that of afternoon. Namely, the latter (24 colonies) was higher than the former (21 colonies). 3. The type of strains isolated from the air of the ward revealed staphylococci (82%), Gram negative bacilli (18%), fungi (17%), Gram positive diplococci (13%), and Bacillus subtilis (2.8%). 4. The strains isolated in the delivery-waiting room revealed staphylococci (66.7%), Gram negative bacilli (33.6%), and revealed staphylococci (75%), Gram positive diplococci (8.3%), and fungi (8.3%), in delivery room. 5. Most of strains isolated in the ward of O.B. & G.Y. revealed staphylococci (100.0%), Gram positive diplococci (8.3%), and Gram negative bacilli (6.7%). 6. The strain isolated in the surgical ward revealed staphylococci (91.7%), fungi (33.3%), Gram positive diplococci (25%), Gram negative bacilli (25%) and Bacillus subtilis (8.3%). 7. The strain isolated in the pediatric ward revealed staphylococci (75%), fungi (25%), Gram positive diplococci (8.3%), Bacillus subtilis (8.3%), and Gram negative bacilli (8.3%). 8. The strain isolated in the internal ward revealed staphylococci (91.7%), fungi (33.3%), Gram positive diplococci (25%), and negative bacilli (16.7%). The strains isolated from the nasal cavity of those doctors and nurses who and enaged in the ward of O.B. & G.Y. revealed staphylococci (80%), Bacillus subtilis (10%), and Gram negative bacilli (10%), from doctors and Gram positive diplococci (10%), instead of Gram negative bacilli (10％), from nurses. 10. The strain isolated from nasal cavity of parturient women on admission revealed staphylococci (90%), and Gram negative bacilli (10%), but after admission revealed staphylococci (70％), Gram positive diplococci (10%), and Gram negative bacilli (10%). 11. Of the total 91 staphylococci isolated from the air of the ward, the Coagulase pastive was 36 (39.6%), and the negative 55 (60.4%), As a result of the coagulase experiment of the staphylococci isolated from the nasal cavity of those who are engaged in the ward of O.B. ＆ G.Y. all were revealed as negative that belonged to non-pathogenic. 12. Consequence of the biochemic examination of the gram negative bacilli isolated from the air of the ward the aerobacter aerogens revealed was (16.7%) E-coli 5％ in the nasal cavity of those came and went to the of O.B. ＆ G.Y. and Aerobacter aerogens 7.5%.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.220-222
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• 1992

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.344-349
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: Purpose of the study was to establish the extinction coefficients of chlorophyll a and b in N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF) and Dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO) solvents and to find out the conditions of optimal extraction temperature and time in citrus leaves. METHODS AND RESULTS: Chlorophyll a and b standards were dissolved in DMF and DMSO. Extinction coefficients of chlorophyll pigments were determined and their contents were quantified using spectrophotometer. Chlorophyllous pigments of citrus(Citrus unshiu Marc. cv. Okitsu wase) leaves were extracted at 25, 40, 60 and $80^{\circ}C$ for 4, 6, 8, 24 and 48 hours to determine the optimal extraction condition. CONCLUSION: The extinction coefficients of chlorophyll a(Chl a) and chlorophyll b(Chl b) of DMF extracts for high extinction wavelength were 663.8 and 647.2 nm. Similarly, the high extinction wavelength of DMSO extracts were 665.8 and 649.0 nm for chl a and b respectively. Chl a, Chl b and total chlorophyll content of DMF extracts were Chl a = $12.10A_{663.8}-2.74A_{647.2}$, Chl b = $21.94A_{647.2}-5.06A_{663.8}$ and total $Chl=19.193A_{647.2}+7.04A_{663.8}$. Similarly, Chl a, Chl b and total Chl of DMSO extracts were Chl a = $14.53A_{665.8}-5.40A_{649.0}$, Chl b = $26.98A_{649.0}-7.11A_{665.8}$ and total $Chl=21.58A_{649.0}+7.43A_{665.8}$. The chlorophyll extracts of DMF and DMSO were very stable in dark. High chlorophyll contents of citrus leaves were found at $80^{\circ}C$ extraction for 6 hours in DMF and at $80^{\circ}C$ extraction for 24 hours in DMSO. However, the chlorophyll content was decreased significantly after 8 hours in DMF extraction while it was remained up to 30 hours in DMSO extraction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.372-379
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• 2016

This study was performed to investigate the quality characteristics of various salted (8, 10, and 12%) Doenjang prepared with fermented Hwangchil (Dendropanax morbifera) extract as well as the effect of Bacillus methylotrophicus S8 strain, isolated from soy sauce, as a starter culture. After fermentation, the total cell number of low-salted Doenjang (8% and 10%) prepared with fermented Hwangchil was lower than that of Doenjang without fermented Hwangchil. Low-salted Doenjang (8% and 10%) showed higher total acidity, amino acid, and organic acid levels as well lower pH levels than high-salted Doenjang (12%), indicating active fermentation. The highest levels of lactic acid (48.1 mg/L) and glutamic acid (549.0 mg/L) were observed in low-salted Doenjang (8%) fermented with B. methylotrophicus S8 strain. The low-salted Doenjang (8%) fermented with B. methylotrophicus S8 also showed the highest score in overall preference of sensory evaluation. These results indicate that Hwangchil extract fermented with B. methylotrophicus S8 can be used as a starter for making low-salted Doenjang, resulting in improved palatability, and inhibition of abnormal fermentation.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.895-900
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• 2018

In this study, the electroless deposition of Co-B and Co-W-B alloy thin films was developed and the effect of B and W contents on the hardness of the alloy thin films were investigated. An amorphous Co alloy film was successfully formed by electroless deposition and the contents of B and W in the film were controlled by varying the concentrations of dimethylamine borane and sodium tungstate dihydrate, which were used as a reducing agent and W source, respectively. The hardness of the thin films increased as the contents of B and W were increased because B and W act as impurities suppressing the propagation of dislocation in a film. In addition, it was found that the content of B and W in the Co alloy films can be increased significantly when aeration is not performed. Finally, the hardness of Co-W-B alloy thin film was improved up to 8.9 (${\pm}0.3$) GPa.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.1070-1083
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• 2015

A gene (GT-SM3B) encoding a thermostable secreted oligoendopeptidase (GT-SM3B) was cloned from the thermophile Geobacillus thermoleovorans DSM 15325. GT-SM3B is 1,857 bp in length and encodes a single-domain protein of 618 amino acids with a 23-residue signal peptide having a calculated mass of 67.7 kDa after signal cleavage. The deduced amino acid sequence of GT-SM3B contains a conservative zinc metallopeptidase motif (His⁴⁰⁰-Glu⁴⁰¹-X-XHis⁴⁰⁴). The described oligopeptidase belongs to the M3B subfamily of metallopeptidases and displays the highest amino acid sequence identity (40.3%) to the oligopeptidase PepF_Ba from mesophilic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 23-7A among the characterized oligopeptidases. Secretory production of GT-SM3B was used, exploiting successful oligopeptidase signal peptide recognition by Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The recombinant enzyme was purified from the culture fluid. Homodimerization of GT-SM3B was determined by SDS-PAGE. Both the homodimer and monomer were catalytically active within a pH range of 5.0–8.0, at pH 7.3 and 40℃, showing the K_m, V_max, and k_cat values for carbobenzoxy-Gly-Pro-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ala-OH peptidolysis to be 2.17 ± 0.04 × 10^-6 M, 2.65 ± 0.03 × 10^-3 µM/min, and 5.99 ± 0.07 s^-1, respectively. Peptidase remained stable at a broad pH range of 5.0–8.0. GT-SM3B was thermoactive, demonstrating 84% and 64% of maximum activity at 50℃ and 60℃, respectively. The recombinant oligopeptidase is one of the most thermostable M3B peptidase, retaining 71% residual activity after incubation at 60℃ for 1 h. GT-SM3B was shown to hydrolyze a collagenous peptide mixture derived from various types of collagen, but less preferentially than synthetic hexapeptide. This study is the first report on an extracellular thermostable metallo-oligopeptidase.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.281-293
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• 2024

We previously reported that leukotriene B₄ (LTB₄) contained in Trichomonas vaginalis-derived secretory products (TvSP) play an essential role in interleukin-8 (IL-8) production in human mast cell line (HMC-1 cells) via LTB₄ receptor (BLT)-mediated Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation. Dynamin, a GTPase, has been known to be involved in endocytosis of receptors for signaling of production of cytokine or chemokines. In the present study, we investigated the role of dynamin-mediated BLT1 endocytosis in TvSP-induced IL-8 production. When HMC-1 cells were transfected with BLT1 or BLT2 siRNA, TvSP-induced IL-8 production was significantly inhibited compared with that in cells transfected with control siRNA. In addition, pretreatment of HMC-1 cells with a dynamin inhibitor (Dynasore) reduced IL-8 production induced by TvSP or LTB₄. TvSP- or LTB₄-induced phosphorylation of NF-κB was also attenuated by pretreatment with Dynasore. After exposing HMC-1 cells to TvSP or LTB₄, BLT1 was translocated from the intracellular compartments to the plasma membrane within 30 min. At 60 min after stimulation with TvSP or LTB₄, BLT1 remigrated from the cell surface to intracellular areas. Pretreatment of HMC-1 cells with dynamin-2 siRNA blocked internalization of BLT1 induced by TvSP or LTB₄. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that dynamin-2 strongly interacted with BLT1 60 min after stimulation with TvSP or LTB₄. These results suggest that T. vaginalis-secreted LTB₄ induces IL-8 production in HMC-1 cells via dynamin 2-mediated endocytosis of BLT1 and phosphorylation of NF-κB.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.160-167
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• 2000

This study was performed to evaluate efficiency of soil microbial inoculator for active composting of food waste. In addition the number of microorganisms in roil microbial inoculator and the effect of seeding in the process of composting were investigated. food waste samples collected from a refectory were analyzed for physical-chemical properties. The samples were adjusted to moisture content of 65% by saw dust and seeded with soil microbial inoculator of 10% by the weight in case of reactor B. The number of microorganisms, aerobic bacteria, actinomyces, yeast, and fungi in soil microbial inoculator were over $2.98{\times}10^9/g$, $3.93{\times}10^7/g$, $1.21{\times} 10^5/g$, and $5.79{\times}10^7/g$, respectively. During the process of composting, the highest temperatures were $63.4^{\circ}C$ at reactor A(unseeded control)after 10 days and $66.8^{\circ}C$ at reactor B(seeded compost) after 4 days. The pH values of reactor A and B rapidly increased after 3 days and after first few days during composting period, respectively. The highest $CO_2$ concentrations were 6.1%(after 10 days) and 10.8%(afer 4 days) in reactor A and B, respectively. The degradation rates of organic matter(rd) between reactor A and B increased by 17.1% and 64.5%, respectively Consequently, the effects of Inoculation on comporting parameter such as temperature increasing, pH change, chemical properties, and the degradation rates of organic matter(rd) were higher in seeded compost than in unseeded control.