• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.503-513
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• 2011

1. Objective This study aimed to find out the epidemiologic characteristics of constitutional disease syndromes at a hospital of Oriental medicine in Seoul. 2. Methods The medical records of 1354 subjects who have received prescriptions and diagnosis of Sasang constitution from January 2008 to December 2009 at a hospital of Oriental medicine were reviewed. General factors and the frequency of the prescriptions according to Sasang constitution were compared and analyzed. 3. Results 1) Among the 1354 subjects, 562(41.5%) persons were males and 792(58.5%) females. 614(45.3%) persons were Soeumin, 369(27.3%) Soyangin, 364(26.9%) Taeumin, and 7(0.5%) Taeyangin. 2) The frequencies of the prescriptions of 14 constitutional disease syndromes were compared. Taeum Syndrome, Esophagus Cold Syndrome and Yin Deficiency Tidal fever Syndrome show the high frequencies among 14 disease syndromes. Chest Heat Syndrome, Deficiency of Yin and Blood syndrome and Soeum Syndrome show the low frequencies among 14 disease syndromes. Interior disease(63.4%) was higher than exterior disease(36.6%) and mild disease(61.8%) was higher than severe disease(38.2%). 3) Among all constitutional prescriptions, Jowyiseungchung-tang was the most common and next rankings were Gupoong-tang and Dokhwaljihwang-tang in turns. 4. Conclusions From all these considerations, it would seem that Taeum Syndrome in Soeumin, Esophagus Cold Syndrome in Taeumin and Yin Deficiency Tidal fever Syndrome in Soyangin show the high frequencies in a hospital of Oriental medicine in Seoul. Large-scale epidemiologic study in Sasang constitutional medicine may be needed on various ways and places.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.445-457
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• 2011

1. Purpose Lee Je-Ma had continued to revise "Donguisusebowon" by adding the contents of the Symptomatic-pharmacology(病證藥理論) on Soeumin, Soyangin and Taeeumin to it from the first establishment of the old version in 1894 to 1900.(new version). This paper tries to find out the contents and meaning of the Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Diseases(病證論) between the old version and new version and what the Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Diseases affected the Theory of Eight Constitution created in subsequent years. 2. Methods I classified the Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Diseases in "DongYiSuseBowon" into old version and new version and tried to find out the Theory of Eight morbidities(8病證論) which is the predecessor of the Theory of Eight Constitution, before reviewing their relation. 3. Conclusions 1) The Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Diseases in the old version specify that the externally sensed diseases are caused by the deep sediment of nature(性) and that the internally touched diseases are caused by the violent activities of emotion(情). In addition, it said that all diseases are caused by the specific characteristics of patient's smaller internal organs(偏小之臟). But in new version, the diseases were understood through the concept Exterior, Interior, Heat and cold(表裏寒熱). The new version said that the diseases may be caused not only the specific characteristics of patient's smaller organs but also by bigger organs(偏大之臟). 2) The Theory of Eight Constitution was derived from the Theory of Eight morbidities, in which all kinds of human diseases are caused by 8 disease-orgin organ and that the diseases therefore can be classified into 8 morbidities. The Theory of Eight morbidities reorganized the Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Diseases in "DongYiSuseBowon" by classifying them into first morbidity and second morbidity. 3) The Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Diseases in "DongYiSuseBowon" has decisively affected the creation of the Theory of Eight morbidities which is the predecessor of the Theory of Eight Constitution. The Theory of Eight morbidities may be deemed another interpretation of the Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Diseases in "DongYiSuseBowon". As the Theory of Eight morbidities put emphasis on the genetic characteristics, the Theory of Eight Constitution stating that Eight morbidities are caused by different specific constitution was derived.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.120-129
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• 2004

Yangkyuk-Sanhwa-Tang(YST) has been widely used as a formula for the Soyangin cerebral infarction (CI) patients according to Sasang constitutional philosophy. Brain cells produce cytokines and chemokines during the inflammatory process after stroke both in animal models and in patients. Previously, regulation of serum cytokine levels by YSThas been observed in individuals at the acute stage of CI disease, but there have not been other scientific investigations on YST. The author investigated the effect of YST on theproduction of various cytokines using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)from the Soyangin (CI) patients, and Soyangin normal group. The cytokine production was analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The amount of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- in culture supernatant significantly increased in the LPS-treated cells compared with unstimulated-cells (P < 0.05). However, in LPS-stimulated PBMCs, cytokines level in CI patients group was higher than that of normal group. YST (1 mg/ml) significantly inhibited IL-1, IL-1, and IL-8 production in PBMCs stimulated with LPS (about 85% for IL-1, 87% for IL-1, and 53% for IL-8, P < 0.05), but did not significantly inhibit IL-6 and TNF- production in the CI patients group. We also show that YST significantly increased LPS-induced IL-1, IL-6, and TNF- production in the normal group. Thesedata suggest that YST has a regulatoryeffect on the cytokine production, which might explain its beneficial effect in the treatment of CI.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

Objectives: This study aimed to find out the origin, efficiency in sasang constitutional medicine and dosage of Mu tong. Methods: Investigation and analysis was been done through 15 literatures like the pharmacopoeia of the five countries in east Asia, the literatures about sasang constitutional medicine and so on. Results and conclusion: The species of Mu tong in Korea is identical with the Mu tong in China, but different from Chuan mu tong and Guan mu tong in China. Mu tong is a kind of medicine using by kidney can be use at most 12 qian (about 45g) a day when treating heat closing in small intestine, edema, headache, dysentery and difficult urination on Soyangin(SY).

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.138-146
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• 2002

1. Background and Purpose 1 intented to be helpful to treat diabetes through a clinical study of lndongdeungjikolpitang effect of soyangm 2. Methods I studied 6 patients with middle diabetes who were diagnosed by Soyangin at department of Sasang constitutional Medicine in Dongeui Oriental Hospital during 1 year from August. 2001 to July. 2002. and then I investigated the clinical symptoms of the diabetics and analyzed level of examination after administration of lndongdeungjikolpitang 3. Results and Conclusion lndongdeungjikolpitang was administered to six diabetic patients, So-yang-in for 8 weeks. The symptoms such as frequent hunger(P<0.05), decrease of body weight(P<0.05) have improved after the treatment. As results, level of HbAlC(P<0.05), total protein(P<0.05) and blood pressure(P<0.05) significantly decreased after administration of Indongdeungjikolpitang.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.827-837
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• 1999

Presently Sasang constitutional medicine draws public attention and a diet based on this theory in gaining popularity. However, scientific data are not available to probe the effects of constitutional diet and the correlations between constitution and food consumptions. Thiry-four healthy subjects[26 females and 8 males] with Tae-eum(females: 5, males: 7), So-yang(females: 9)and So-eum(females: 12, males: 1), were studied. Subjects were not told the kind of constitutional diets they were consuming. Tae-eum constitutional diet was given to all subjects more than 2 meals a day for 8 weeks. The Sasang constitutional classification, food frequency questionnaire and food habits were assessed. The anthropometric assessment, dietary assessment, health status assessment and blood analysis were carried out before and after taking the Tae-eum constitution diet. In case of females, the body weights and BMI were different among the constitutional groups in the following order : Tae-eum constitutional diet. In case of females, the body weights the body weights and BMI were different among the constitutional groups in the following order: Tae-eum>So-yang>So-eum. In case of males, the body weights and BMI of Tae-eum were significantly higher than those of So-eum. In general, habitual food consumption of all of these four groups were very close to those for each of Sasang constitutional types described by Sasang medicine. After 8-weeks of Tae-eum diet, the health status and blood biochemical parameters were not significantly changed.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1 s.61
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• pp.59-70
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• 2005

Objective: Tumor necrosis factor-a $(TNF-{\alpha})$, a potent immuno-modulator and pro-inflammatory cytokine, has been implicated in many pathological processes. In this study, the author examined whether promoter region polymorphism in the $TNF-{\alpha}$a gene at position-308 affect the odds of cerebral infarction (CI) and whether genetic risk is enhanced by sasang constitutional classification. Methods: 212 CI patients and 610 healthy controls were genotyped and determined according to sasang constitutional classification. The amplified genotypes were analyzed on $8\%$ polyacrylamide gel. The alleles were visualized by ethidium bromide staining. Primers for $TNF-{\alpha}$ were designed to incorporate a polymorphic site at a position -308 bp of the $TNF-{\alpha}$ gene into an NcoI restriction site. Restriction digests generated products of 87 and 20 bp for G allele and 107 bp for A allele. Results : A significant decrease was found for the $TNF-{\alpha}$ A allele in CI patients compared with controls (P=0.033, odds ratio, O.R.: 0.622). However, there was no significant association between $TNF-{\alpha}$ polymorphism and sasang constitution in CI patients. Conclusion: My finding suggests that $TNF-{\alpha}$promoter region polymorphism is responsible for susceptibility to CI in Koreans.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.53-72
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• 2007

1. Objectives In oriental medicine, there is no method to diagnosis Sasang constitution of school aged children. The objective diagnostic method is necessary to improve the health condition of children. The method must be able to reduce time and to correct subjective error. So the purposes of this study are developing the questionnaire to diagnosis Sasang constitution of school-aged children. 2. Methods The questionnaire consists of selected substance of ${\ulcorner}$Dongyisusebowon${\lrcorner}$, characteristic questionnaire of children and questionnaire for the Sasangin Diagnosis Questionnaire(for adult). Experts, element school children and a scholar on Korean literature revise the questionnaire. 3. Results and Conclusion Experts examed pre-questionnaires and selected the final questionnaries by CVI 0.8 at propriety of contents. Sasangin Diagnosis Questionnaire (SDQ) for Child consists of 84 questions (24 questions for child, 48 questions and 12 questions for doctor).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.824-832
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• 2000

In Sasang constitutional medicine, a part of oriental medicine, there are beneficial foods of harmful foods according to the each constitutions. Until now, most of the studies have investigated the classification of foods according to the each constitutions, The clinical usage of the constitutional diets in now in the beginning. The purpose of this study is to investigate the therapeutic effects of the constitutional diets in comparison with general therapeutic diets in the patients with hyperlipidemia. From January to August, 1999, the 65 hyperlipidemic patients admitted to Kyung Hee Oriental Medical Center were studied. Therapeutic diet for hyperlipidemic patients or each constitutional diets were given to the subjects 3 meals a day for 6 weeks. The Sasang constitutional classification, food habits were assessed. The anthropometric assessment and blood analysis were carried out before and after taking each experimental diets. The results are as folow ; 1) The mean age of the objects was 62.4${\pm}$6.5 years, the distribution of their constitution were Tae-eumin :63.0%, So-yangin :26.2% So-eumin: 10.8%. 2) The mean body weight and BMI of Tae-eum were significantly higher than those of So-eum and So-yang. 3) Food habits of each constitutional groups were very similar to those described by sasang medicine. 4) The therapeutic and constitutional diets lowered the serum levels of total lipid(from 756.4mg/dl to 692.3mg/dl) triglyceride(from 244.4mg/dl to 212.mg/dl) and VLDL-cholesterol(from 48.9mg/dl to 42.5mg/dl). The therapeutic diet decreased the HDL-cholesterol level(from 49.0mg/dl to 41.7mg/dl) but the constitutional diet did not. 5) The effects of the therapeutic and constitutional diets were the highest in Tae-eum group. In the So-yang group, the constitutional diet lowered the levels of total lipid and LDL-cholesterol but the therapeutic diet did not. But the therapeutic and constitutional diets did not change the blood lipid levels significantly in the So-eum group.(Korean J Nutrition 33(8) : 824-832, 2000)

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.59-63
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• 2009

Objective: This study examined the distribution of married couples' Sasang constitutions. Method: This study was researched clinically using medical records of 206 married couples who visited the Kyung Hee University East-West neo medical center in Seoul between May of 2006 and June of 2008. Results: 1. When a man is So-yangin, his wife's Sasang constitutional type is So-yangin 7.7%, Tae-eumin 53.8%, So-eumin 38.5%. A Tae-eumin wife is significantly more common than the other two groups. 2. When a man is Tae-eumin, his wife's Sasang constitutional type is Tae-yangin 0.9%, So-yangin 53.9%, Tae-eumin 8.7%, So-eumin 36.5%. Proportion of So-yangin wife is significantly higher than the other three groups. 3. When a man is So-eumin, his wife's Sasang constitutional type is So-yangin 61.5%, Tae-eumin 29.2%, So-eumin 9.2%. A So-yangin wife is found at a significantly higher rate than the other two groups. Conclusion: A So-yangin man is most likely to marry a Tae-eumin woman. A Tae-eumin man is most likely to marry a So-yangin woman. A So-eumin man is most likely to marry a So-yangin woman.