• 설비공학논문집
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.602-611
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• 2001

Experiments on the condensation heat transfer characteristics inside a smooth and a microfin tube with R410A/R22 are performed in this study. The test tubes 7/9.52 mm in outside diameters and 3m in length are used. Varying the mass flux of the refrigerant and the condensation temperatures, the average heat transfer coefficients and pressure drop are investigated. Most flows in this study are in the annular and/or wavy flow regime. It is shown that the heat transfer is enhanced and the pressure drops are larger in the microfin tube than the smooth tube. From the heat transfer enhancement coefficients and the pressure drops, it is found that the high heat transfer enhancement factors are obtained in the range of small mass flux while the penalty factors are almost equal. Experiments results show that average heat transfer coefficients of R410A is larger than that of R22 and pressure drop of R410A is less than R22.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.80-84
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• 2012

Objective : This study analyzed the relationship between prognosis and multiple clinical factors of ruptured middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), to aid in predicting the results of surgical treatment. Methods : Enrolled subjects were 41 patients with ruptured MCA aneurysm with ICH who were treated with surgical clipping. Clinical factors such as gender, age, and initial Glasgow coma scale were assessed while radiological factors such as the volume and location of hematoma, the degree of a midline shift, and aneurysm size were considered retrospectively. Prognosis was evaluated postoperatively by Glasgow outcome scale. Results : Age and prognosis were correlated only in the groups with ICH over 31 mL or ICH at the frontal lobe or sylvian fissure. When initial mental status was good, only patients with ICH on the temporal lobe had a better prognosis. If the midline shift was less than 4.5 mm, the probability of better prognosis was 95.5% (21 of 22). If the midline shift was more than 4.5 mm, the probability of poor prognosis was 42.1% (8 of 19). Patients with ICH less than 31 mL had higher survival rates, whereas if the ICH was more than 31 mL, 41.2% (7 of 17) had a poor clinical pathway. Conclusion : Even if the initial clinical condition of the patient was not promising, by carefully examining and taking into account all factors, neurosurgeons can confidently recommend surgical treatment for these patients.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.259-264
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• 2016

Objectives: We evaluated and recorded post-traumatic and postoperative neurosensory deficits of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) in mandibular fracture in order to identify associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study composed of 60 patients treated for mandibular fracture. The primary study variable was the change between the post-traumatic IAN neurosensory examination score and the score after fracture reduction. Risk factors were categorized as demographic, anatomic, fracture displacement, and treatment. Appropriate descriptive and bivariate statistics were computed. Results: Sixty patients with unilateral mandibular fracture reported within 24 hours of injury were evaluated over a one-year period. A post-traumatic neurosensory deficit was observed in 52 patients (86.7%), the percentage of which was reduced to 23.3% over the follow-up period. Abnormal postoperative neurosensory scores were significantly higher in angle fracture cases (33.3%) compared to body fracture cases (11.1%). When recovered and non-recovered neurosensory scores were compared by fracture location, 88.9% of body fracture cases showed significant recovery compared to 66.7% of mandibular angle fracture cases. Cases with less than 5 mm fracture displacement showed statistically significantly higher neurosensory recovery scores (90.6%) compared to those with more than 5 mm fracture displacement (60.7%). Conclusion: Use of a miniplate with mono-cortical screws does not play a role in increasing IAN post-traumatic neurosensory deficit. Early management can reduce the chances of permanent neurosensory deficit. Mandibular fracture displacement of 5 mm or more and fracture location were found to be associated with an increased risk of post-traumatic IAN neurosensory score worsening.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.751-757
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• 2022

To develop a trap to prevent the catch of juvenile rockfish Sebastes inermis and bycatch, we compared the fishing characteristics of four traps with different mesh sizes (35 mm and 50 mm) and flapper connecting lines (FCL) (3 lines and 4 lines).The number of rockfish caught in trap 1 (35 mm, 4 FCL) was 200, and juvenile rockfish (15 cm or less) accounted for 49.0%. The number of rockfish caught in trap 2 (35 mm, 3 FCL) was 185, and juvenile rockfish accounted for 58.9%. The number of rockfish caught in trap 3 (50 mm, 4 FCL) was 82, and juvenile rockfish accounted for 4.9%. The number of rockfish caught in trap 4 (50 mm, 3 FCL) was 68, and juvenile rockfish accounted for 22.1%. The total catch (bycatch rate) in trap 1, trap 2, trap 3 and trap 4 was 565 (64.6%), 637(71.0%), 260 (68.5%) and 276 (75.4%), respectively. The catch per unit effort (CPUE) for juvenile rockfish in trap 1, trap 2, trap 3 and trap 4 was 0.8, 0.9, 0.0, and 0.1 individuals/trap, respectively. The CPUE of bycatch in trap 1, trap 2, trap 3 and trap 4 was 2.9, 3.6, 1.4 and 1.7 individuals/trap, respectively.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.242-246
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• 2006

Purpose: Frequency of sesamoid bone on hallucal interphalangeal joint has been described to be low probability in orthopaedic and anatomical literature. We have, however, experienced two cases of interphalangeal joint dislocation giving difficulty to usual manipulative reduction because of presence of sesamoid bone recently. In order to ascertain existence of sesamoid bone on interphalangeal joint of hallux in Korean adults, radiological study have been performed with feet of patients Materials and Methods: Between May 2003 and October 2006, 974 patients with 1098 radiographs of feet which were reached skeletal maturity over 18-year-old were examined. Unilateral or bilateral anteroposterior, lateral and oblique radiographs were observed by one same person and presence was recorded if there was sesamoid in films. Distance of long and short axes were measured in lateral view and cases of two sesamoids in interphalangeal joint were recorded. Statistical differences between left and right side or between men and women were evaluated by chi-square test. Results: Frequency of sesamoid was 980 cases (89.3%) and no occurrence in 118 cases (10.7%). Two sesamoids were observed in 3 cases. Average distance of long axis was 4.9 mm (range, 0.5-11.4) and average distance of short axis was 3.5 mm (range, 0.3-9.3). Unilateral sesamoid was observed in 7 patients (5.6%), bilateral absence was 7 patients (5.6%) and bilateral sesamoids in 110 patients (88.8%) out of 124 patients who took bilateral feet radiographs. Men has less frequency than women significantly (p=0.014) while there was no significant difference in frequency according to side(p>0.05). Conclusion: Sesamoid bone was seen in 980 feet (89.3%) out of 1098 normal Korean radiological studies of feet. We report 3 cases of two seamoids which was extremely rarely reported in literature. Korean frequency is similar with Japanese, but much higher than Caucasians and black Africans.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.813-818
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• 2003

본 시험은 자가제조 TMR 농가의 TMR 배합기 운용실태와 국내에서 생산 이용되고 있는 TMR을 대상으로 TMR 배합소에서 생산되는 20개 유통 TMR과 농가에서 직접 제조하여 이용하는 20개 자가 TMR의 입자도를 Penn State Particle Size Separator를 이용하여 측정하여 TMR 입자도의 분포를 측정한 결과, 자가 TMR 배합기를 이용하여 TMR을 제조하는 농가의 1일 총 배합에 소요되는 시간은 48.6${\pm}$28.0분으로 나타났으며, 자가 TMR 농가의 보유 배합기 형태는 2오거가 55.5%로 가장 많았고, 여름철 및 다른 계절에 1일 2회 배합하는 농가가 44.4 및 22.2%였다. 자가 TMR 농가의 배합기 가동시간별 상위 체에 남아 있는 비율이 21.5~25.6%, 중간 체에 남아 있는 비율이 16.0~25.8% 그리고 바닥 체에 남은 사료의 비율은 52.8~61.4%로 많은 차이가 있었다. 자가 및 유통 TMR의 입자 길이가 19mm 이상인 사료의 비율이 각각 24.9${\pm}$1.4 및 26.2${\pm}$1.7%, 입자 길이가 8~19mm미만인 사료의 비율이 각각 22.8${\pm}$1.0 및 12.8${\pm}$1.2% 그리고 입자 길이가 8mm 미만인 사료의 비율이 52.3${\pm}$1.7 및 61.0${\pm}$1.5%였다. 이는 자가 TMR과 유통 TMR 모두에서 8~19mm미만 범위에 있는 입자는 Penn State Separator에서 추천하는 비율보다 각각 82.6%, 100%가 낮은 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 전체적으로 국내에서 생산 이용되고 있는 TMR의 입자도가 긴 것과 짧은 것의 적절한 조화가 이루어지지 않고 있음을 알 수 있다. 따라서 TMR을 급여하고 있는 농가에서 TMR중 입자도가 적정한지를 평가하기 위한 가장 기본적인 일은 우군의 반추행동을 모니터링하는 일이다. 즉, 전체 우군중 사료를 섭취하고 있는 소를 제외하고 휴식중에 있는 소들중 반추를 하고 있는 소가 40%가 안된다면 전체적으로 입자도가 너무 적거나 조사료의 비율이 너무 낮지 않은지 검토하여 배합시간을 조정하거나 배합비를 재조정해 주어야 할 것이다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.294-300
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• 2001

본 연구는 화력발전소에서 산업부산물로 생산되어지는 bottom ash가 저강도 고유동 충전재(CLSM)의 특성에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 저강도 고유동 충전재 재료는 ACI 229소위원회에서 재령 28일 압축강도가 83 kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$ 보다 낮은 재료로 정의되어져 있으며 이러한 저강도 고유동 충전재에 잔골재를 대신하여 bottom ash가 사용되어 질 수 있는가를 연구하였다. 플로우가 200~300mm이 되도록 시멘트, 플라이애쉬, bottom as, 모래를 혼합하였으며 굴착가능성별로 손도구로 굴착이 가능한 강도 7 kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$이하, 기계장비를 이용하여 굴착할 수 있는 강도 20 kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$이하, 굴착이 어려운 강도 83 kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$이하로 나누어 실험을 실시하였다. 플라이애쉬에 대하여 bottom ash를 25, 50, 75, 100%수준으로 시험하였다. 실험결과 목표로 하는 플로우를 얻기 위해서는 bottom ash의 첨가수준이 증가할수록 단위수량이 증가하였으며 용적 배합이므로 잔골재 양은 감소하는 결과를 나타내었다. Botom ash는 저강도 고유등 충전재의 재료로 사용가능함을 보여주었다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 1994

녹내장 누공수술의 대표적 수술인 섬유주절제술의 주된 실패요인인 여과포의 섬유화를 막아 수술성공율을 향상시키기 위해 항대사 물질인 Mitomycin C를 수술실패 위험이 높은 녹내장 환자 20명 25안을 대상으로 섬유주절제술중에 사용하여 섬유주절제술의 보조제로서의 Mitomycin C의 효과를 알아보았다. 전체 대상안의 수술전 평균 안압은 $38.6{\pm}6.6mmHg$였으며 수술 후 최종 평균안압은 $11.7{\pm}3.8mmHg$로 26.9mmHg의 안압감소를 나타내었다. 수술 성공율은 40세 이하의 원발광우각녹내장에서는 8안중 7안 (88%), 포도막염에 의한 속발 녹내장에서는 6안중 5안(83%), 신생혈관녹내장에서는 5안중 4안(80%)에서 성공하였고 유년녹내장과 과거 수술 기왕력이 있는 녹내장 및 무수정체녹내장에서는 6안 모두 (100%)에서 성공함으로서 전체적으로는 25안중 22안에서 성공하여 88%의 성공율을 나타내었다. 수술 후 시력 변화는 25안중 24안(96%)에서 수술전 시력에 비해 변함이 없거나 다소 호전되었으며 1안(4%)에서 시력 소실을 보였다. 술후 합병증은 전방출혈이 5안(20%), 얕은 전방이 4안(16%), 저안압증이 4안(16%), 점상각막염이 3안(12%), 결막봉합파열이 2안(8%), 낭포화된 여과포가 1안(4%), 맥락막 박리 1안(4%)에서 발생하였다. 결론적으로 섬유주절제술에서 Mitomycin C의 부가적 사용은 수술 실패 위험이 높은 녹내장에서 효과적이고 비교적 안전하게 사용할 수 있으나 장기간 경과 관찰을 통하여 안전하고 효과적인 사용법에 대한 다양한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2019

Purpose: Owing to the increased agricultural use of the herbicide glufosinate ammonium (GLA), the incidence of GLA poisoning has recently increased. Therefore, we investigated the possible predictive factors associated with severe complications following GLA poisoning. Methods: A retrospective analysis of medical records was conducted based on 76 patients who had visited our regional emergency medical center with GLA poisoning from 2006 to 2017. Severe complications were defined as respiratory failure requiring intubation, systolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) less than 8, and presence of seizure. Results: Age, ingested amount and ingested amount per weight were significantly greater in the severe group (p<0.001). PSS grade 2 or higher was more common in the severe group (p<0.001), and In addition, the APACHE II score was significantly higher in the severe group (p<0.001), as were the SOFA scores (p=0.002). Serum ammonia levels were significantly higher in the severe group (p=0.007), while MDRD-GFR was smaller in the severe group (p=0.002). The spot urine protein levels were significantly higher in the severe group (p=0.005), as was the urine protein to creatinine ratio (p=0.001). Upon multivariate analysis, the amount ingested per weight and PSS grade 2 or higher were identified as significant predictors. Conclusion: Our study showed that MDRD-GFR was significantly lower in the severe group after GLA poisoning. PSS grade 2 or higher and ingested amount per weight may be useful to evaluate the severity of complications after GLA poisoning.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.232-242
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• 2007

녹내장으로 수술적 치료가 필요한 무수정체안과 인공수정체안 환자들에게서 Mitomycin C(MMC)를 사용한 섬유주절제술을 시행하고 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 1994년 5월부터 2002년 2월까지 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원 안과에서 무수정체안과 인공수정체안에 녹내장 치료로 MMC의 국소접촉법을 이용한 섬유주 절제술을 시행하고 6개월 이상 추적관찰 가능 하였던 45명 51안을 대상으로 녹내장의 유형, 기왕의 안수술, 백내장수술의 종류, 수정체 후낭의 상태, 인공수정체 유뮤에 따른 성공률과 수술 실패의 위험인자 및 합병증 등을 의무기록을 바탕으로 후향적으로 조사하였다. 수술 성공 여부의 기준은 술 후 안압하강제 사용에 관계없이 술 후 최종 안압이 21 mmHg이하이며 시력상실이 없는 경우를 성공으로 판정하였다. MMC를 사용한 일차 섬유주절제술 후 평균 관찰 기간은 27.7개월이었으며 수술 성공률은 70.6%(36안/51안)이었다. Kaplan-Meier 생존분석을 이용한 누적 성공률은 3개월에 98.0%, 6개월에 94.1%, 12개월에 91.9%, 24개월에 83.4%, 36개월에 75.5%로서 보고된 고식적 섬유주 절제술의 성공률보다 높았다. 술 전 안압이 30mmHg 미만으로 낮았던 환자들과 이전 백내장 수술을 제외한 안 수술의 기왕력이 없었던 환자들에게 의미있게 수술 성공률이 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 술 후 합병증으로는 전방출혈과 맥락막박리가 각 4안에서, 저안압이 3안, 그리고 얕은 전방과 안내염이 각 1안에서 발생하였다. 결론적으로 무수정체안과 인공수정체안의 녹내장에서 MMC 섬유주절제술은 기존 보고된 방수유출장치술의 수술 성공률에 비해 낮지 않으면서도 합병증이 적다는 점에서 방수유출장치삽입술에 앞서 우선적으로 선택할 수 있는 유용한 수술 방법이라고 생각된다.