• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.112-116
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• 2001

Oxidized potato starch/polyethylene (PE) cast films were prepared with different percentages of linear low density PE (LLDPE), oxidized potato starch and prooxidant. For the determination of biodegradability of the films, lignocellulose-degrading Streptomyces viridosporus T7A (ATCC 39115) was used. Films were chemically disinfected and incubated with S. viridosporus by shaking at 100 rpm at 37$^{\circ}C$ for eight weeks. Hydroxyl indices of the films by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, mechanical Properties of the films by Instron and film morphology by scanning electron microscope (SEM) were measured. The hydroxyl index of the film containing the oxidized potato starch incubated with S. viridosporus T7A was higher than that of the corresponding control. All the films containing 5% and 10% oxidized starch showed a decrease of tensile strength on the films after incubation when the corresponding uninoculated film was compared. In the oxidized starch/PE film incubated with S. viridosporus T7A, partial destruction of starch and PE was examined by SEM.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.50 no.7
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• pp.1106-1111
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• 2018

Electromagnetic waves potentially have been used to heat overdense nuclear fusion plasmas through a double mode conversion from ordinary to slow extraordinary and finally to Electron Bernstein Wave (EBW) modes, OSXB. This scheme is efficient and has not any plasma density limit of electron cyclotron resonance heating due to cut-off layer. The efficiency of conversion depends on the isotropic launching angles of the microwaves with the plasma parameters. In this article, a two-step mode conversions of OSXB power transmission efficiency affected by the fast extraordinary (FX) loses at upper hybrid frequency are studied. In addition, the kinetic (hot) dispersion relation of a overdense plasma in a full wave analysis of a OSXB in Wendelstein 7X (W7-X) stellarator plasma has been numerically simulated. The influence of plasma dependent parameters such as finite Larmor radius, electron thermal velocity and electron cyclotron frequency are represented.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2022

In this study, the core competencies of 7-Eleven, Japan's representative convenience store, were derived through a qualitative analysis method using VRIO (value, rarity, Imitability, and organization) framework, a management strategy model based on Resource-Based View (RBV). As a result of VRIO analysis, the value can be based on the scale that 7-Eleven ranks first in the Japanese convenience store industry in terms of the number of stores and market share that it has developed based on capital. The rarity is based on the fact that raw material procurement, the main activity of a company, is establishing the nation's largest distribution channel in the entire process, from producers to logisticians and franchisees. The difficulty for Imitability is based on a dominant strategy and has secured a competitive advantage by opening stores in a specific area, improving awareness, and raising barriers to entry. As the largest company in the convenience store industry, it is confirmed that 7-Eleven is the result of organizational power that has built stores not only in Korea but also in 16 countries around the world.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.582-596
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• 2013

In order to estimate the tide and flow properties around the archipelago, around Dolsan, Choyak, Geogeom and Jindo which located in the southwestern waters of the south sea of Korea, tidal currents, residual flows and tidal energy dissipation were investigated by using 2-dimensional numerical model. The maximum speeds of tidal currents are small around Dolsando(31.92 cm/s) and large around Jindo(87.55 cm/s). The residual flow is fastest around Choyakdo where many channels and islands as compared with other study areas. The area around Jindo has the highest currents speed, but shows the flat movements. The margins between the maximum and the minimum dispersion rates of tidal energy in the areas are estimated and designate the order of values around Dolsando($392.6{\times}10^7$ erg/s), Geogeumdo($125.7{\times}10^7$ erg/s) and Jindo($23.1{\times}10^7$ erg/s) sequently. These circumstances are same as in the amplitude of M2 constituent. This means that rapid depth changes and narrow channels play an important role in tide and tidal currents energy in archipelago.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.83-100
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• 1990

The purposes of the study are to understand of rural family life cycle(FLC) and to get a FLC model for the twentieth in rural area. Data for the study were collected from 603 farm households in rural area. The major findings are as follows; 1) The age of first marriage was 21.5 years old(urban : 22.4), the first bearing 23.2(24.2), the last bearing 31.7(32.6), the first child marriage 47.2(46.5), and the last child marriage 59.7(52.7). The number of child and interval were 3.9 persons and 2.9 years respectively. From the survey results, the rural family life cycle was established. Establishment stage(from the marriage to the 1st child birth) : 21-23 yrs. Extension stage(from the 1st child birth to the last child birth) : 23-32 yrs. Complete extension stage(from the last child birth to the 1st child's marriage) : 32-47 yrs. Shrinking stage(from the 1st child's marriage to the last child's marriage) : 47-60 yrs. Complete shrinking stage(from the last child's marri ge to the death of husband) : 60-63 yrs. Dissolution stage(from the death of husband to the death of wife) : 53-75 yrs. 2) In general, the older the age, the younger the first marriage age, the greater the number of child, and the longer the interval of child bearing. The last child's marriage was too last to have the period of recovery stage. In terms of FLC by marital chorts, the later the year of marriage, the older the age of the first marriage and first baby bearing, the smaller the number of child, and the faster the launching stage. The higher the educational level, the older age of the first marriage and the first baby bering, the smaller the number of child, and the shorter the interval of child bearing. 3) Two types of rural FLC model for the twentieth were formulated. Type A was formulated based on the survey results and type B was formulated based on 『'88 population dynamics survey』 of Economic Planning Board(EPB). 「TYPE A」*Establishment stage(from the marriag to the 1st child birth) : 22.5-23.5 yrs. one child : the 1st child's marriage(49.5yrs), the death of husband(64.2yrs), the death of wife(71.7yrs) two children : the last child's birth(25.7yrs), the last child's marriage(51.7 yrs) three children : the last child's birth(27.9yrs) the last child's marriage(53.9yrs) 「TYPE B」*Establishment stage(from the marriage to the 1st child birth) : 25.3-26.3 yrs. one child : the lst child's marriage(52.3yrs), the death of husband(67.0yrs), the death of wife(74.5yrs) two children : the last child's birth(27.8yrs), the last child's marriage(53.8 yrs.) three children : the last child's birth(29.3yrs), the last child's marriage(55.3yrs).

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.423-428
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• 2011

Inactivation kinetic data of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Salmonella Enteritidis via treatment with aqueous chlorine dioxide treatment at a specific concentration were evaluated using the first-order kinetic and Weibull models. The Weibull model showed a better fit with the kinetic data than the first-order kinetic model. The survival curves after the aqueous chlorine dioxide treatment showed $t_R$ values(time required to reduce microbial populations by 90%) of 2.49 min for E. coli O157:H7 at 5 ppm, 1.47 min for L. monocytogenes at 5 ppm, 0.94 min for S. aureus at 5 ppm, 0.87 min for S. Typhimurium at 1 ppm, and 0.08 min for S. Enteritidis at 1 ppm, according to the Weibull model.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2014

The objective of this work is to investigate and compare several functional properties of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Lactobacillus casei SK-7 isolated from home-made yogurt and Lactobacillus bulgaricus YK-11 from commercial yogurt. Initially, physiological and biochemical properties of SK-7 and YK-11 were characterized. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA sequencing were performed to identify the strains, and the strain could be assigned to Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus bulgaricus, designated as L. casei SK-7 and L. bulgaricus YK-11. Phylogenetic tree of SK-7 and YK-11 was plotted based on 16S rRNA sequence comparisons. Production of lactic acid and organic acid, and pH changes in the cultures of SK-7 and YK-11 were monitored during 72 h. During the incubation period, several functional properties of L. casei SK-7 and L. bulgaricus YK-11 were examined. L. casei SK-7 and L. bulgaricus YK-11 cultures eliminated 93.9% and 88.2% of nitrite, respectively. Antioxidant activity of cultural supernatants of SK-7 and YK-11 were 62.6%, 54.9%, and activity of ${\beta}$-galactosidase were 14.9 units/mg and 13.1 units/mg, respectively. The antimicrobial activities were examined with 20-fold concentrated culture supernatants from the cultures of SK-7 and YK-11. The activities of SK-7 supernatants were clearly observed against all microorganisms in this work, whereas no activities were observed in YK-11 supernatants. Although it might be conducted additional functional research, functional properties of LAB isolated from home-made yogurt have been shown to be better than those of commercial yogurt in this work.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.99-107
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• 1989

24-hour ambulatory ECG monitoring has been examined for the evaluation of heart rate and longest pause in 34 patients with chronic atrial fibrillation(20 patients treated with digoxin and 14 patients without treatment). Following results were obtained : 1. In 34 patients, the mean of average heart rates was $75.7{\pm}13.8$/minute, fastest heart rates $148.0{\pm}32.4$/minute, slowest heart rates $48.1{\pm}8.4$/minute, difference between fastest and slowest heart rates in individual patients $99.9{\pm}29.0$/minute and longest pauses $2.95{\pm}1.06$seconds. The longest pauses of more than 4.0 seconds occurred in 4 of the 34 patients and made an exeption of comparison groups. 2. In 27 of the 34 patients, ventricular premature contractures were developed and in 11 of 27, mainly occured less than 100/24 hours and aberrant conduction occurred in all patients. 3. In 20 patients treated with digoxin(0.25mg/day), the mean of average heart rates was $78.4{\pm}13.7$/minute, fastest heart rates $152.5{\pm}33.1$/minute, slowest heart rates $48.9{\pm}8.5$/minute, difference between fastest and slowest heart rates in individual patients $103.6{\pm}31.7$/minute and longest pauses $2.55{\pm}0.50$seconds. 4. In 10 patients without treatment, the mean of average heart rates was $78.0{\pm}10.7$/minute, fastest heart rates $154.5{\pm}26.8$/minute, slowest heart rates $50.6{\pm}7.1$/minute, difference between fastest and slowest heart rates in individual patients $103.9{\pm}22.2$/minute and longest pauses $2.66{\pm}0.39$seconds. 5. The difference of heart rates and longest pauses between patients with treatment and without treatment were statistically not significant(P>0.05). In summary, authors seemed to consider that 24-hour ambulatory ECG was useful and safe method for clinical evaluation of patients with chronic atrial fibrillation.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2003

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.22
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• pp.7.2-7.2
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• 1997