• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.494-503
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• 1995

The selection of salt tolerant rice variety needs an effective method in its testing. Salinity of irrigated water, 0.5% at seedling stage, 0.6% at tillering stage, and 0.9% at panicle formation stage were treated to test salt tolerance of rice using 45 cultivars. At tillering stage, salty water irrigation reduced plant height to 22.6% in early maturing rices(EMR), 30.5% in medium maturing rices(MMR), and 20.9% in medium-late maturing rices(MLMR), and also reduced number of tillers to 11.2% in EMR, 36.2% in MMR, and 36.0% in MLMR compared to rices grown in non-salty water irrigation. At panicle formation stage of rice, salty water irrigation affected plant height and tiller numbers that showed varietal differences. As salt tolerant rice cultivars, Daegwangbyeo, Namweonbyeo, Sinseonchalbyeo, Gyehwabyeo, and Daeyabyeo were selected. Jinbubyeo, Donghaebyeo, and Tamjinbyeo were weak in salty water irrigation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.693-699
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• 2013

A simple, sensitive, and specific method for quantifying the nicotine content of synthetic favoring substances (SFS) was developed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a photo-diode array detector (PDA). Nicotine was extracted from SFS samples by using an acid-base liquid-liquid extraction method with dichloromethane and distilled water. The nicotine content was quantified by HPLC/PDA (261.9 nm) with a $C_{18}$ column under a gradient of 10% acetonitrile with 20 mM ammonium formate (ammonia solution adjusted to pH 8.7) to 100% acetonitrile. The calibration curve, analyzed from concentration standards between 0.1 to 2 mg/L, presented linearity with a correlation coefficient ($r^2$)>0.9999. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) of nicotine in SFS was 0.4 mg/kg, and the average recoveries ranged from 76.4% to 96.3%. The repeatability of measurements, expressed as the coefficient of variation (CV%), ranged from 1.74 to 5.12%. This newly developed method for nicotine quantification in SFS can be considered an analytical method with an acceptable level of sensitivity and repeatability.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2020

In this study, various constituents and biological activities of different parts of asparagus were analyzed and compared. The Ca content was high in the leaves, K was significantly high in the top 25 cm of the spear, and Fe and Na were significantly high in the roots. The ascorbic acid, rutin, total polyphenol, and total flavonoid contents were high in the leaves, and the asparagine and glutathione contents were significantly high in the top 25 cm of the spear and roots, respectively. The bottom 5 cm of the spear had the highest saponin content compared with all other parts. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were the highest in the leaves. The bottom 5 cm of the spear had the highest α-amylase inhibitory activity, whereas the stem showed the highest anti-inflammatory activity. These results suggest that the usually inedible parts of asparagus may be highly valuable as high-quality functional components owing to their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.17 no.sup
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• pp.7-20
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• 2011

This study was conducted to analyze the mixing ratio of raw feed materials for the methane mitigation and also to identify the minimum rearing density for improving the productivity of beef calves as eco-friendly fodder. Raw materials used in this study for the formulation of feed for methane reduction were crushed corn and alfalfa along with other 21 species. In addition, to investigate the appropriate rearing density, 12 Hanwoo calves with average weight of 150 kg was selected and experiment was conducted for four months. Methane gas emission (Bo) is about 3-4 times less in TMR 4 compared to TMR 1, 2 and 3. Feed price calculated for TMR 4 ration was also affordable. In addition, all TMRs showed a normal ruminal pH. Disappearance rate was observed to be lower in TMR 4 as compared to TMR 1, 2 and 3, but methane production decreased by 24 to 37%. The result showed improved total body weight, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio in rearing low-density ($18m^2/head$), and general treatment ($9m^2/head$) compared to overcrowding treatment ($6m^2/head$). In addition, blood components (total protein, glucose, AST, ALT and GGT factors) involved in health and disease treatments and health-related nutrition metabolism are lower in the low-density and general treatment compared to the high density treatment. Postural development (development of body size) i.e., weight, height and width significantly increased in the low and general density treatment compared to high density treatment. Especially excellent improvement was observed in low-density treatment than the general treatment. Moisture content, colonic bacteria and coccidium are higher in low and high density treatments than in the general treatment. The adequacy for beef rearing density is considered to be more desirable in an area more than $6m^2/head$. In conclusion, present study suggests that possibility of methane reduction through adjusting mixed feed ration. Also, rearing density is also an important factor in the growth and development of beef calves.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.155-163
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• 2019

The Paralichthys olivaceus (mean weight 34.3±3.5 g) was used in the conduction of density experiment in this study to establish the optimal density determination for a period of 13 weeks. The density consisted of four groups. These were group 1 (500 fish, 40 fish m^-2), group 2 (750 fish, 60 fish m^-2), group 3 (1,000 fish, 80 fish m^-2) and group 4 (1,250 fish, 100 fish m^-2), each in 12.56 ㎡ circular water tanks. In the high density groups, such as groups 1 and 2, the nitrite was increased to over 21 mg L^-1 (group 3) and 25 mg L^-1 (group 4). The experiment of the groups was terminated by skin ulcers and mortality after 49 days for group 3 and 43 days for group 4. The water quality environment, such as the water temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity and pH, remained constant. The ammonia and nitrite in groups 1 and 2 remained stable after ammonia and nitrite peak. However, the experiments in groups 3 and 4 were terminated due to the mortality induced by high nitrite. Hematological parameters, such as hemoglobin and hematocrit, were significantly decreased in the high density groups. The plasma components were significantly changed in the high density groups, such as groups 3 and 4. The mean weight of groups 1 and 2 after 13 weeks were 91.3 g and 83.7 g, respectively. The survival rates were 99.4% and 98.2%, respectively. The final FCR was 0.6 in both groups. The results of this study show that the density of 80 fish m^-2 or more induce mortality due to high nitrite with hematological changes. Additionally, they indicate that the 60 fish m^-2 indicate proper density in bio-floc environment in olive flounder weighing less than 100 g.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.281-287
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• 2013

A major barrier to progress in pig to primate organ transplantation or cell therapy is the presence of terminal ${\alpha}$-1,3-galactosyl epitopes on the surface of pig cells. Therefore, the purpose of this experiment was to establish and cha- racterize mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) derived from ${\alpha}$-1,3-galactosyltransferase (GalT) knock out (GalT KO) pig to confirm their potential for cell therapy. Bone marrow (BM)-MSCs from GalT KO pig of 1 month old were isolated by Ficoll-Paque PLUS gradient and cultured with A-DMEM + 10% FBS on plastic dishes in 5% $CO_2$ incubator at 38.5. GalT KO BM-MSCs were analyzed for the expression of CD markers ($CD45^-$, $29^+$, $90^+$ and $105^+$) and in vitro differentiation ability (adiopogenesis and osteogenesis). Further, cell proliferation capacity and cell aging of GalT KO BM-MSCs were compared to Wild BM-MSCs by BrdU incorporation assay (Roche, Germany) using ELISA at intervals of two days for 7 days. Finally, the cell size was also evaluated in GalT KO and Wild BM-MSCs. Statistical analysis was performed by T-test (P<0.05). GalT KO BM-MSCs showed fibroblast-like cell morphology on plastic culture dish at passage 1 and exhibited $CD45^-$, $29^+$, $90^+$ and $105^+$ expression profile. Follow in ginduction in StemPro adipogenesis and osteogenesis media for 3 weeks, GalT KO BM-MSCs were differentiated into adipocytes, as demonstrated by Oilred Ostaining of lipid vacuoles and osteocytes, as confirmed by Alizarinred Sstaining of mineral dispositions, respectively. BrdU incorporation assay showed a significant decrease in cell proliferation capacity of GalT KO BM-MSCs compared to Wild BM-MSCs from 3 day, when they were seeded at $1{\times}10^3$ cells/well in 96-well plate. Passage 3 GalT KO and Wild BM-MSCs at 80% confluence in culture dish were allowed to form single cells to calculate cell size. The results showed that GalT KO BM-MSCs($15.0{\pm}0.4{\mu}m$) had a little larger cell size than Wild BM-MSCs ($13.5{\pm}0.3{\mu}m$). From the above findings, it is summarized that GalT KO BM-MSCs possessed similar biological properties with Wild BM-MSCs, but exhibited a weak cell proliferation ability and resistance to cell aging. Therefore, GalT KO BM-MSCs might form a good source for cell therapy after due consideration to low proliferation potency in vitro.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.59-70
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• 1989

Cervix cancer is the most common female cancer in Korea. In spite of their relatively local invasive tendency, still $44\%$ of patient will develop recurrent cancer. This result suggests that more aggressive local treatment may increase the cure rate but increased complication risk also cannot be avoidable. Various institutions proposed different treatment regimen, but recommended dose were about 4500 cGy for whole pelvis and 8000 cGy at point A, even though they agreed that those doses may not be satisfactory for control of bulky disease. 96 cases of invasive cervical cancer, treated with postoperative or primary radiation therapy were analyzed to determine the complication rate and prognostic factor in our treatment regimen Which is $5500\~1000 CGy$ higher than Other institution. Mean follow up duration was 21 months. Symptomatic patients including mild but persistent abdominal discomfort was $46\%$, but only 1 patient $(1\%)$ had operative treatment because of incomplete obstruction of small bowel. Most symptoms appeared within 12 months and most common complaints were frequent bowel movement. Barium enema and sigmoidoscopy were performed for persistent symptomatic patients. Only one patient had abnormal finding in barium enema which showed inefficiency of this method for detecting bowel complication. Patient's age, total tumor dose, total TDF, rectal dose were not significant risk factors for complication, but boost dose, previous history of operation had some relationship with complication risk. Even though dose of point A and rectum is $500\~1,000cGy$ higher than other institution, such a low rate of severe complications may suggest that fear of complications should not be overestimated than cure rate and the possibility of more aggressive treatment for better local control should not be underestimated.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.59-77
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate on several factors, which contaminative the water quality through the water pipe during feeding water, in 42 largescaled apart-ments(total 84 cases) and assayed the Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs) and concen-tration of heavy metals that inflow and outflow in reservior water in Jeonnam area(Mokpo, Suncheon, Yeosu) from January 1999 to December 1999. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1. The quality of the water pipe composition in the order of frequency in the quality of water pipes were Copper(45.2%)> Zinc(38.9%)> Stainless steel(9.5%)> PVC(4.8%)> PM(2.4%) in observing 42 sites. All of the drain pipes were used the cast iron quality. 2. The result of certification curve from 12 items(17kind) of VOCs was $1.0-4.0{\mu{g}}/{\ell}$ range, a coefficient of correlation was shown 0.99 over. A MDL of each substance range was within $0.1-1.0{\mu{g}}/{\ell}$. 3. The result of the assay, 5 kinds(Viny chloride, Dichloromethane, Ethylbenzene, M,P-xylene, Styrene) of the VOCs of 14 kinds was not detected and the other items were detected slightly. The detection rate of one item and over in total VOCs samples, were 25.9% in inflow and 27.9% in outflow. And frequency of detect in inflow/outflow of THM(Chloroform, Bromodichloro-methane, Dibromochloromethane, Bromoform) were shown higher than 94.1%, 97.0% each stages. It comes to the conclusion that all of the samples were reason able for drinking water standards. 4. The coefficient of correlation were reasonable, it shown 0.999 over in $0.1-1.0{\mu{g}}/{\ell}$ of a measuring range conditions of 4kinds in organic substance(Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn). 5. The results were showed suitability in 78 cases(92.9%) and unsuitability in 6 cases (7.1%), in 84 cases of in organic substances. Compare to inflow stage, mean concentrations of heavy metal, were increased slightly in Zn, Cu, Fe except Mn than outflow stage. The result of the mean concentration in organic substance inflow and outflow in the apartment water tank using Pair-compared T-test, in 95% reliance index, were $0.179mg/{\ell}(0.151-0.307mg/{\ell})$ in Zinc, $0.136mg/{\ell}(0.113-0.230mg/{\ell})$ in Copper, $0.052mg/{\ell}(0.048-0.098mg/{\ell})$ in Fe, and there was a bit growing tendency but there was no differece in Mn. 6. The mean concentration of Copper which used Cu pipe as a water supply pipe in apartment were $0.216mg/{\ell}(0.161-0.338mg/{\ell})$ in case of the Zine pipe were $0.286mg/{\ell}(0.204-0.435mg/{\ell})$. It shows that the detection rate was more higher than the other material used in Cu or Zn as the water supply pipe. We supposed to Cu and Zn substance were gushing out water supply pipe.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.116-121
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• 1989

An experiment on movements of copper in soils was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of several soil extractants in predicting to be possibly the plant availability of copper in soils. Soil samples were taken six, from Las Virgines loam that the samples naturally included high contents of heavy metals near Los Angeles, Greenfield sandy loam and IDomino Loam that received 22.5, and $45.0mg.\;ha^{-1},\;yr^{-1}$ of composted sludge from Los Angeles from 1975 to 1983, respectively. Copper in soils were extracted with $4M\;HNO_3$, 0.1M HCl, 0.5M DTPA-0.1M TEA, 0.5M EDTA-0.1M $Ca(NO_3)_2$, and 1M ammonium acetate(pH 7), and analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results were as follows: 1. The total copper contents in soil that received $45.0mg.\;ha^{-1},\;yr^{-1}$ of composted sludge were higher than that received $22.5mg.\;ha^{-1}.yr^{-1}$, regardless of soil samples. 2. The ratios of extractable copper contents with EDTA, DTPA, 0.1M HCl and 1M ammonium acetate to total copper contents extracted with 4M $HNO_3$ of long-term sludge applications were larger than those of natural, sludge-nontreated soils. 3. Statistically significant increase in total copper contents was found in the increasing values of multipling CEC, or OM% by R, ratio of extractable copper contents to those by 4M $HNO_3$ extraction as total copper contents in soils.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.178-187
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• 1982

This pot experiment was undertaken to find out the optimum fertilization ratios of total anions to total cations, ${\Sigma}A/{\Sigma}C$, and the optimum application rates of total macro-nutrients in various soil conditions. Soil samples were collected from uncultivated mountains and hills where grassland development was under consideration. 1. The optimum application ratios of ${\Sigma}A/{\Sigma}C$ and the optimum application rates of total macro-nutrients for the high yields of mixed grass-clover sward in various grassland soils were computed by the Hom$\acute{e}$s systematic variation techniqu.e. 2. With respect to the optimum application ratios of ${\Sigma}A/{\Sigma}C$ in fertilization in a mixed grass-clover sward, the grass yield and botanical composition were distinctly proportional to ${\Sigma}A$ wheras the regume yield and botanical composition were proportional to ${\Sigma}C$. 3. The optimum fertilization rates of total macro-nutrients for the high legume yields were depended upon ${\Sigma}A/{\Sigma}C$ ratios. These optimum rates were in proportional to ${\Sigma}C$ ratios and were inversely proportional to ${\Sigma}A$ ratios. 4. The efficiencies of ${\Sigma}A$ and ${\Sigma}C$ in relation to the grass and grass plus legume yields were highest with the low ratios of each other and the low fertilization rates of total macronutrients. The ${\Sigma}A$ effieiency in the legume yield tended to be similar to that of ${\Sigma}A$ related to the grass yield noted above except Daegu soil. The ${\Sigma}C$ efficiency, however, was proportional to the ${\Sigma}C$ ratio, although that was varied with the fertilization rates of total macro-nutrients and with the kinds of soils. 5. The yield of mixed forages, yield component, and botanical composition in a mixed sward were greatly influenced by the ${\Sigma}A/{\Sigma}C$ ratios, the fertilization rates of total macronutrients, and the interactions of ratio and rate noted above. In addition, these effects were generally different and opposite according to grass and legume.