• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.105-114
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• 2014

Objectives : In this study, the antioxidant activities of the 80% ethanol and hot water extracts of Euphorbia supina Rafinesque were investigated. Methods : We measured total phenol contents, flavonoid contents, 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay. The production of reactive oxygen species was measured in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells using flow cytometry system. Results : The content of phenol in the hot water extract was $65.529{\pm}0.462mg/g$ and $126.932{\pm}1.894mg/g$ in the 80% ethanol extract, and that of flavonoid in the hot water extract was $16.063{\pm}0.471mg/g$ and $29.159{\pm}1.963mg/g$ in the ethanol extract. The 80% ethanol extract also showed higher DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities ($90.8{\pm}1.0%$ and $92.5{\pm}0.7%$) than the hot water extract ($81.5{\pm}0.5%$ and $91.5{\pm}0.2%$). The production of reactive oxygen species(ROS) was reduced dose-dependently by 80% ethanol and hot water extract at concentration of 1, 10 and $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusion : According to these results, the 80% ethanol extract of Euphorbia supina Rafinesque has a good anti-oxidative effects than the hot water extract. Thus, the 80% ethanol extract of Euphorbia supina Rafinesque may serve as useful natural antioxidants.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.160-164
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• 1993

The antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts from defatted perilla flour was investigated by measuring peroxide value of perilla oil during storage at $45^{\circ}C$. The antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts was also compared with BHA, BHT and tocopherol. Anti-oxidant activity of ethanol extracts was also examined in corn oil and lard. The ethanol extracts contents of defatted perilla flour and the original perilla seed were 7.69 and 4.56% respectively. The antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts was superior to that of 0.02% BHT, BHA and tocopherol in the perilla oil substrate, merely in concentration of one-twentieth as much as that contained in original perilla oil seeds. The fractions of non-polar solvent (hexane and chloroform) obtained from silicic acid column chromatography are less effective than that of polar solvent as an antioxidant. Antioxidant activity of partially purified ethanol fraction is slightly inferior to that of original crude ethanol extracts. Ethanol extracts were also effective in corn oil and lard almost same as in perilla oil. The total phenolic compound contents of crude ethanol extracts and partially purified ethanol fraction were 9.3, 6.4%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.546-552
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• 1992

Ethanol-tolerant strain, S. eerevisiae BUI a26 ($alc^r thr^-$) and gJucoamylase-producing strain, S diastatieus AI5a6 (STA+ hom-) were prepared by means of genetic manipulation, Protoplast fusion was carried out to introduce STA gene from AI5a6 strain to BUla26 strain, Protoplast formation was shown at 0,8 M sorbitol and 200 Jig/ml to 400 Jig/ml zymolyase treatment for 2 hours incubation, Fusion frequency was $ 3.25 {\times} 10^{-3}$ to the regenerated protoplast number using PEG 6000 for 90 min incubation. The excellent fusants with genotype of STA- $alc^r thr^-$ hom+/STA+ ($alc^s thr^+$ hom- (2n), F7 and FIO, were selected by ethanol-tolerant, ethanol fermentation, and glucoamylase production tests, Glucoamylase production of AI5a6 showed 2,7 units, but 4.2 or 8.4 units for F7 or FIO fusant at $30^{\circ}C$, Ethanol fermentation from 32% glucose by BUla26 was 14,0%(v/v) in fermentaion medium for 5 days incubation, but 14.5% or 15,0% for F7 or FIO strain, respectively. Ethanol fermentation from 5% starch was 2,0% by F7, or 1.8% by FIO strain in fermentation medium for 5 days fermentation.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2017

The phenolic contents which were extracted with water and 70% ethanol from O. undulatifolius were 7.7, 10.1 mg/g, respectively. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity of water and ethanol extracts were 78, 82% at $50{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics, respectively. The 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation decolorization activity were 92, 76% at $100{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics. Antioxidant protection factor in water and ethanol extracts at $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics were 1.51 and 2.08 PF, respectively. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance were 84% in water extracts and 99% in ethanol extracts at $50{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics, respectively. The inhibition activity on ${\alpha}-Glucosidase$ was 44% in ethanol extracts at $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics. The inhibition activity on ${\alpha}-amylase$ was 37-88% in water extracts at $50-200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics. The tyrosinase inhibition activity as whitening effect were 82% in ethanol extracts. The elastase inhibition activity were 4, 61% in water and ethanol extracts, respectively. The collagenase inhibition activity of antiwrinkle effect showed an excellent wrinkle improvement effect as 39% in water extracts and 67% in ethanol extracts at $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics, respectively. The hyaluronidase inhibition activity as anti-inflammation effect of ethanol extracts was confirmed to 46% of inhibition at $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic. The astringent effect of water and ethanol extracts was confirmed to 13, 32% of effect at $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic, respectively.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.722-728
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• 2005

In this paper, the effects of ethanol blended gasoline on emissions and their catalytic conversion efficiency characteristics were investigated in a multiple-point EFI gasoline engine, The results show that with the increase of ethanol concentration in the blended fuels, THC emissions were drastically reduced by up to thirty percent, And brake specific fuel consumption was increased, but brake specific energy consumption could be improved. However, unburned ethanol and acetaldehyde emissions increased. Pt/Rh based three-way catalysts were effective to reduce acetaldehyde emissions, but had low catalytic conversion efficiency for unburned ethanol. The effect of ethanol on CO and NOx emissions and their catalytic conversion efficiency had close relation to the engine's speed, load and air/fuel ratio. Furthermore fuels blended with thirty percent ethanol by volume could dramatically reduced THC CO and NOx emissions at idle speed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.108-114
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• 1992

The fermentative characteristics in ethanol production from lactose, with increased ethanol tolerance, of a fusant yeast strain constructed by protoplast fusion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces fragilis were studied. The ethanol tolerance of this strain was increased to 8.0%, compared with the parent K. fragilis. During batch ethanol fermentation the optimal cultivation conditions for this fusant yeast were an initial pH of 4.5, a culture temperature $30^\circ{C}$. stirring at 100 rpm without aeration in 10% lactose medium (supplied with 1.0% yeast extract). Using this fusant strain in whey fermentation to ethanol, maximum ethanol production reached 3.41% (w/v) (theoretical yield; 66.7%) after a 48 hour cultivation period.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 1989

This study was designed in order to clarify the effect of ethanol drinking on the mineral contents on liver, kidney, muscle and hair. Forty-five rats were divided into 2 groups and a control group. The control group received tap water and the other 2 groups were given 8% and 40% ethanol as drinking source. Liver, kindney, muscle and hair samples were taken and analyzed for zinc, calcium and copper contents by atomic absorption spectrophotometric methods. The results obtained are summrized as follows; 1. The zinc content of muscle showed significant (p<0.01) decrease in both groups. 2. The calcium content of hair showed significant (p<0.1) increase in 8% ethanol group. 3. The copper contents of kidney and muscle in 8% ethanol group and liver in 40% ethanol group showed significant (p<0.1) decrease.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.943-949
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• 2012

The content phenolic compounds in extracts from Rehmannia glutinosa was the highest in 40% ethanol extracts as $5.1{\pm}0.2mg/g$. DPPH scavenging activity of R. glutinosa extracts was high in water extracts and 40% ethanol extracts as 85~93%, ABTS radical cation decolorization of water extracts and 40% ethanol extracts was about the same as 55~62%, antioxidant protection factor (PF) was confirmed in water extracts and 40% ethanol extracts as 1.6~1.9 PF, and TBARs of water extracts and 40% ethanol extracts were concluded to have the similar antioxidant effects. The hypertension inhibitory activity of water extracts and 40% ethanol extracts from R. glutinosa indicated the activities as 87.2% and 81.1%, anti-gout activity was determined very low in R. glutinosa extracts and antimicrobial activity against skin microorgasm was confirmed, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity was determined as 70.2% in 40% ethanol extracts, it was expected the whitening effects in 40% ethanol extracts. The elastase inhibitory activity which are related to the wrinkle cause was observed in water extracts and 40% ethanol extracts as 76.2% and 57.2%. The hyaluronidase inhibitory activity to R. glutinosa extracts was observed weakly in only 40% ethanol extracts of $200{\mu}g/ml$ phenolic content as 5.1%.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.17 no.1 s.28
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• pp.27-32
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• 1981

It has been known that ethanol stimulates the secretion of gastric acid regardless of its route of administration. Recently, however, some studies have challenged this view and claimed that ethanol inhibits the gastric acid secretion. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of ethanol on the gastric acid secretion in anesthetized rat in respect to the route of administration and the concentration of alcohol. Normal saline (pH adjusted to 6.0) was used as standard perfusion solution and ethanol was mixed as 0.8, 1.7, 5, 10 and 20%. Four ml of perfusion fluid was given into stomach via gastric tube and drained from duodenal tube every 5 min. Acid secretion was measured by back titration to pH 6.0 with N/20 NaOH and expressed as ${\mu}Eq/5$ min. Low concentration of ethanol up to 1.7% in perfusion solution caused little changes in acid secretion, but moderate concentration such as perfusion of 5% or 10% ethanol solution inhibited both the basal and histamine-induced gastric secretion. Moreover, loss of perfused acid was seen by 20% ethanol, which means back diffusion of hydrogen ions into the gastric mucosa. However, intravenous administration of ethanol, maintained at the level of 0.1% alcohol in blood, caused significant stimulation of gastric acid. We, therefore, conclude that in anesthetized rat ethanol has dual effects on acid secretion, i.e., inhibiting and enhancing by oral and intravenous administration, respectively, but further investigation is necessary to clarify these effects.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.367-373
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• 1996

The growth characteristics of Rhodotorula sp. Y-55 were examined on minimal medium containing ethanol, acetic acid or acetadehyde as a sole carbon source by batch culture. The increased concentration of substrate reduced overall growth yield and prolonged lag time. The specific growth rate of the yeast was changed, depending upon the initial concentrations of ethanol and acetaldehyde during the exponential period, but was constant on acetic acid without regard to the initial substrate concentrations, giving a value of 0.l07h-1. The highest ${\mu}$ value was obtained on ethanol and acetadehyde substrates and the respective values were 0.270 at 20g/L and 0.041h-1 at 0.2g/L. The maximum overall growth yields were appeared to be 32.6% for ethanol of 10g/L, 25.6% for acetic acid of 20g/L, and 45% for acetaldehyde of 0.2g/L. The respective cellular contents of crude protein and nucleic acids were determined to be 41.5 and 4.9wt% on ethanol and 40.2 and 4.7wt% at the concentration revealing maximal growth yield.