• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.5B
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• pp.287-294
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• 2005

It is impossible to replace overnight the present Internet Protocol Version 4(IPv4)-based Internet with Internet Protocol Version 6(IPv6). These two protocols are expected to coexist for a number of years during the transition period. A number of transition mechanisms are proposed by Internet Engineering Task Force(IETF) Next Generation Transition Working Group(Ngtrans WG). However, most of them provide only the mechanism to initiate sessions from hosts within the IPv6 network to those within the IPv4 network, but do not support the initiation from IPv4 hosts to IPv6 ones. In this paper, we propose the IPv4-to-IPv6 Dual Stack Transition Mechanism(4to6 DSTM) which can operate even in the case that IPv4 clients in the IPv4 network initiate connections with dual stack servers in the IPv6 network.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.163-176
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• 2002

It is necessary to change internet protect from version 4 (IPv4) to version 6 (IPv6). A converter from IPv4 to IPv6 is working in a laboratory not in practice. In this paper, we review internet protocol versions (IPv6) and design IPv4 to IPv6 converter. The IPv4 to IPv6 converter also has security prediction capability so as to deal with security problem when IPv4 packet is converted to IPv6 packet.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.92-97
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• 1987

The N-[1H-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-chloroquinoline-3-carboxy] succinimide was reacted with amoxicillin, ampicillin and 6-APA to give 6-[D-(-)-$\alpha$-{1H-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-chloroguinoline-3-carboxamido} p-hydroxyphanyl acetamido] penicillanic acid [1], 6-[D-(-)-$\alpha$-{1H-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-chloroquinoline-3-carboxamido} phenylacetamido] penicillanic acid [10] and 6-[1H-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-chloroquinoline-3-carboxamido] penicillanic acid [19]. The 1-alkyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-substituted quinoline-3-carboxylic acids were reacted with ethyl chloroformate for making mixed anhydride; these mixed anhydrides were reacted with amoxicillin, ampilcillin and 6-APA to give 6-[D-(-)-$\alpha$-{1-alkyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-substituted quinoline-3-carboxamido} p-hydroxyphenylacetamido] penicillanic acid [2-9], 6-[D-(1)-$\alpha$-{1-alkyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-substituted quinoline-3-carboxamido} phenylacetamidod penicillanic acid [11-18] and 6-[1-alkyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-substituted quinoline-3-carboxamido] penicillanic acid [20-27].

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.5 no.7
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• pp.1230-1251
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• 2011

This document specifies a new IPv6 deployment protocol called CHANC, which stands for Configuring Hosts to Auto-detect (IPv6, IPv6-in-IPv4, or IPv4) Network Connectivity. The main part is an application level tunneling protocol that allows Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to rapidly start deploying IPv6 service to their subscribers whom connected to the Internet via IPv4-only access networks. It carries IPv6 packets over HTTP protocol to be transmitted across IPv4-only network infrastructure. The key aspects of this protocol are: offers IPv6 connectivity via IPv4-only access networks, stateless operation, economical solution, assures most firewall traversal, and requires simple installation and automatic configuration at customers' hosts. All data packets and routing information of the IPv6 protocol will be carried over the IPv4 network infrastructure. A simple application and a pseudo network driver must be installed at the end-user's hosts to make them able to work with this protocol. Such hosts will be able to auto-detect the ISP available connectivity in the following precedence: native IPv6, IPv6-in-IPv4, or no IPv6 connectivity. Because the protocol does not require changing or upgrading customer edges, a minimal cost in the deployment to IPv6 service should be expected. The simulation analysis showed that the performance of CHANC is pretty near to those of native IPv6, 6rd, and IPv4 protocols. Also, the performance of CHANC is much better than that of D6across4 protocol.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.69-74
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• 2012

Purpose: By confirm the change of popliteal arterial position when extension or flexion of the knee and estimate the change of popliteal arterial position after posterior capsular release, we tried to know the position can minimize injury of popliteal artery during arthroscopic surgery and usefulness of posterior capsular release. Materials and Methods: Total of two middle-aged man and woman, fresh frozen cadavers as systemic, all four cases of the knee were included in this study. After the knee was flexed to 0 degrees, 30 degrees, 60 degrees, 90 degrees angle, we estimated distance from posterior tibial cortex to popliteal artery at articular surface, the distal 1 cm and 2 cm from articular surface. We performed posterior capsular release by arthroscopy, and estimated distance between posterior tibial cortex and popliteal artery in the same way. Results: Mean distance between popliteal artery and posterior tibial cortex was 6.3 mm (4.5~7), 4.6 mm (3.6~6), 4.9 mm (3.9~5.8) when knee flexion to 0 degrees at articular surface, distal 1 cm and 2 cm from articular surface each. When knee flexion to 30 degrees, it was 7.4 mm (5.2~9), 4.9 mm (3.6~7.2), 5.3 mm (3.8~6.6). When knee flexion to 60 degrees, it was 8.7 mm (5.4~11), 5.2 mm (4.9~7.3), 6.2 mm (5.4~9.6). When knee flexion to 90 degrees, it was 9.8 mm (5.8~12.1), 5.5 mm (5.1~7.4), 6.5 mm (5.4~10.7). After posterior capsule release, the distance was 6.5 mm (5.5~7.5), 5.8 mm (3.9~7.2), 5.2 mm (3.8~7.0) when knee flexion to 0 degrees, 7.7 mm (5.5~9,1), 7.1 mm (4.6~7.6), 5.5 mm (4.1~6.9) when knee flexion to 30 degrees, 8.9 mm (5.7~11.2), 8.5 mm (5.5~9.2), 6.4 mm (5.3~10.1) when knee flexion to 60 degrees and 10.2 mm (6.3~13.6), 9.5 mm (6.5~11), 6.6 mm (5.9~9.8) when knee flexion to 90 degrees. Conclusion: As knee joint is flexed, the distance from posterial tibial cortex to popliteal artery are increased beween knee joint articular surface and distal 2 cm from knee joint. So popliteal artery injury will be reduced at knee joint surgery. Posterior capsular release could also reduce popliteal artery injury by increasing distance between posterior tibial cortex and popliteal artery.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.1-6
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• 2003

The IPv6 was suggested as an ultimate solution of problems that IPv4 protocol maintains limitations to apply to new technology of data service and the lack of IPv4 address space. So it is expected to transfer IPv4 to IPv6 gradually. In the Ipv6 environment, it is easier to apply security policies and transmits a secure packet applied the security policies, with the content in the Header itself. By this reason, this paper describes about the implementation of DHCPv6 server to perform a connection of IPv6 network and IPv4 network, and the application of secure packet with the security policies for clients. Further, it performs the process of the massages inside the DHCPv6 server to be used in the IPv6 environment in the future.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.8C no.6
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• pp.783-792
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• 2001

It is well known that, in the near future, the lifetime of the IPv4 address space will be limited and available 32-bit IP network addresses will not be left any more. In order to solve such IPv4 address space problem in an effective way, the transition to the new version using IPv6 architecture is inevitably required. At present, it is impossible to convert IPv4 into IPv6 at a time, since the coverage and the size of today's Internet is too huge. Therefore, the coexistence of both IPv4 and IPv6 must be arranged in a special and practical fashion for rapid conversion on the whole. IP protocol translation has been proposed to ease the translation of the Internet from IPv4 to IPv6. This paper presents the design and implementation of a transparent transition service that translates packet header as they cross between IPv4 and IPv6 networks. IPv4/IPv6 Translation Protocol is written in c source code and is tested by the local test recommended by ISO, which has the most excellent error detection function. The test was processed with a test scenario and it was found that the results were successful.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.133-139
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• 2021

Objectives : Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a decrease in the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The abnormal expression of solute carrier family 6 member 4 (Slc6a4) has been reported in patients with Parkinson's disease. Methods : In this study, we used MPTP to examine the changes in the expression of Slc6a4 in the brain of mice with Parkinson's disease and investigate its effect on dopaminergic neuronal cell death. Results : In the examination of the Slc6a4 expression in the substantia nigra of MPTP-treated mice for 4 weeks. The gene expression was increased compared to the normal group. To investigate the relationship between Slc6a4 and dopaminergic neurons, we performed a study using siRNA of Slc6a4 in the dopaminergic neuronal cell line SH-SY5Y. Using the siRNA of Slc6a4 to evaluate gene expression, it revealed that the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression increases when Slc6a4 decreases. Moreover, this confirms its effects on the dopaminergic neurons. Additionally, through the evaluation of factors related to apoptosis, in particular, it was established that the value of bax/bcl2 decreased and was affected. These results suggest that a decreased Slc6a4 expression induces an increase in TH expression, providing a mechanism of action for dopaminergic neurons regulated by Slc6a4 expression. Conclusions : Slc6a4 is deemed to be involved in the regulation of dopaminergic neurons, suggesting that an increased Slc6a4 expression induced by MPTP may influence a reduction of dopaminergic neurons.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.32 no.1B
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• pp.61-70
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• 2007

An interworking translator for IPv6 and IPv4 services can be defined as an intermediate component between a native IPv4 host and a native IPv6 host to enable direct communication between them without requiring any modifications to the hosts. But if the host is a mobile node, triangle routing problem occurs, since Mobile IPv4 allows mobile node to roam transparently in my network. In this situation, mobile node must notify transfer information to its own home agent and correspondent node in IPv6 network. But current NAT-PT does not permit mobility header translation. Therefore, NAT-PT does not support efficient communication between Mobile IPv4 and Mobile IPv6. In this paper, we propose a mobility header conversion mechanism to resolve the triangle routing problem between Mobile IPv4 and Mobile IPv6.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.60-70
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• 1999

The pyrimidine(6-4) pyrimidone photoproduct [(6-4) adduct] is one of the major photoproducts induced by UV irradiation of DNA and occurs at TpT sites. The (6-4) adduct is highly mutagenic and specific during translesion replication. The marked preference for insertion of A opposite the 5'-T and G opposite the 3--T of the (6-4) adducts leads to a predominantly 3'-T\longrightarrowC transition with 85% replicating error rate. In order to obtain insight into the origin of 3'-T\longrightarrowC transition induced by the (6-4) adduct, we have performed one - and two-dimensional NMR experiment. The 3'-Tof the (6-4) lesion forms the stable hydrogen bonding to the imino proton of an opposed G, which stabilizes the overall helix and diminishes the highly distorted conformation caused by the (6-4) lesion in the (6-4)/AA duplex. We proposed that the greater insertion of a G over an A opposite the 3'-T of the (6-4) lesion These results may account for the greater preference for the insertion of a G over a A opposite the 3'-T of the (6-4) lesion. Thus this insertion leads to the highly specific 3'-T\longrightarrowC multation at the (6-4) lesion site.