• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.11-46
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• 2022

This study was carried out to examine vascular plants and invasive alien plants in Gyodong Island, located at the northwestern Civilian Control Line (CCL) of Ganghwa-gun, Incheon, and to use them as basic data for systematic management of identified plants and establishing biodiversity conservation measures. The survey was conducted 13 times from April 2019 to August 2021. The vascularflora in Gyodong Island was identified as 109 families, 378 genera, 641 species, 15 subspecies, 49 variants, 8 forma, a total of 713 taxa. This was found to be about 15.36% of the total 4,641 taxa of vascular plants in Korea. The northern linage plants on the Korean Peninsula appearing in the Gyodong Island area were identified in 83 classification groups, including Red-based leaf edge (Carex erythrobasis H.Lev. & Vaniot). Korea endemic plants were identified as 16 taxa such as Seoul wild-ginger [Asarum heterotropoides var. seoulense (Nakai) Kitag.], and a total of 20 taxa of rare plants designated by IUCN were observed, including the endangered grade Beardless iris (Iris ruthenica Ker Gawl.). Floristic target species were classified with a total of 99 taxa. For V grade, Beardless iris 1 taxon was found. and also IV grade and III grade were identified in 8 taxa and 20 taxa respectively. The invasive alien plants identified as 75 taxa, such as Verbesina alternifolia (L.) Britton ex Kearney. The naturalization rate was 10.51%, and the urbanization index was calculated as 23.29%. Since large-scale construction has been currently underway on Hwagae Mt. in Gyodong Island as the target of survey area, the influx of invasive plants will be expected to promote. Therefore, it is urgent to establish in-situ protection and conservation measures for notable plants such as Beardless iris and Water smartweed [Persicaria amphibia (L.) S.F.Gray].

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.47-72
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• 2022

This study aims to understand the trends of subjects related to real estate policies and public's emotional opinion on the policies. Two keywords related to real estate policies such as "real estate policy" and "real estate measure" were used to collect tweets created from February 25, 2008 to August 31, 2021. A total of 91,740 tweets were collected and we applied sentiment analysis and dynamic topic modeling to the final preprocessed and categorized data of 18,925 tweets. Sentiment analysis and dynamic topic model analysis were conducted for a total of 18,925 posts after preprocessing data and categorizing them into supply, real estate tax, interest rate, and population variance. Keywords of each category are as follows: the supply categories (rental housing, greenbelt, newlyweds, homeless, supply, reconstruction, sale), real estate tax categories (comprehensive real estate tax, acquisition tax, holding tax, multiple homeowners, speculation), interest rate categories (interest rate), and population variance categories (Sejong, new city). The results of the sentiment analysis showed that one person posted on average one or two positive tweets whereas in the case of negative and neutral tweets, one person posted two or three. In addition, we found that part of people have both positive as well as negative and neutral opinions towards real estate policies. As the results of dynamic topic modeling analysis, negative reactions to real estate speculative forces and unearned income were identified as major negative topics and as for positive topics, expectation on increasing supply of housing and benefits for homeless people who purchase houses were identified. Unlike previous studies, which focused on changes and evaluations of specific real estate policies, this study has academic significance in that it collected posts from Twitter, one of the social media platforms, used emotional analysis, dynamic topic modeling analysis, and identified potential topics and trends of real estate policy over time. The results of the study can help create new policies that take public opinion on real estate policies into consideration.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.76-83
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• 1984

This experiment was performed to investigate the flowering habit of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Sesame varieties tested could be classified into 8 different plant types by their morphological traits such as capsule shape, capsule setting habit and branching types among sesame gene pool of Crop Experiment Station, ORD. The first flower was appeared at the lowest node on main stem. Flowers were appeared progressively toward the tip of the main stem and also toward the tips of branches. The interval of flowering for a node was about one day, but 3 to 8 days for the flowers on the tips. Side flowers started at 4 to 5 nodes lower than those of center flower at the same day. Flowers were beared 2 by 1 node on the middle part of flower setting node (7-9) in mono capsule setting habit in spite of its normal is 1 by 1 node on the other nodes. Flowers were beared opposite direction on each node of stem and flowering toward the tip of main stem composed of cross shape between nodes and spiral, reverse of clockwise direction. We called this habit as cross spiral flowering order and cross spiral phyllotaxis. The first flower on branches was appeared when center flower on the 5th node of main stem began to flower. The branches produced at higher nodes on main stem showed larger flowering periods and more number of flowers than that at lower parts. BTB (Branch, Tricapsule, Bicarpels, 4 Loculi) type showed three capsule setting habits and same flowering period both on main stem and branches while BTQ (Branch, Tricapsule, Quadricarpels, 8 Loculi) type showed three capsule setting habit on main stem and mono-capsule setting habit on branches. In BTQ type, the period of flowering was much shorter on branches than on main stem. Branching type was considered more promising than non branching type for the breeding of early maturing high yielding variety because branching type has the advantage of bearing a lot of flowers in comparatively short flowering period.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.260-267
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• 1995

In temperate zone planting rice at different date subjects the Crop to different climatic condition. The present study aimed at comparison of the change in source-sink relationship of the Japonica(J) and that of IndicaxJaponica(I$\times$J) type rice cultivars caused by shift of heading date. Two J- and two I$\times$J-type cultivars were made to head on August 16, August 26, and September 5. Sink capacity was changed by shift of heading date in different mode between the types of cultivars. In both types major determinant of sink capacity was number of effective tillers, and the number of spikelets per panicle was the minor. In J-type earlier planting/heading was beneficial to increased panicle numbers and this was due mainly to a larger diurnal difference in temperature. I$\times$J-type cultivars favored a higher daily mean temperature to increase the sink capacity. The ability of source at heading, in terms of leaf area per panicle, chlorophyll content per spiklet, photosynthetic ability of leaves per unit area at 25$\^{\circ}C$, carbohydrate and N contents of leaves, was not so different among different heading dates in both types. However, the source activity was governed principally by temperature during grain filling. The J-type cultivars headed on Sept. 5 and I$\times$J-type cultivars headed later than August 16 could not have had sufficient source activity in grain filling due to lower temperature.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 1988

This study was carried out with two cultivars under two levels of pH and four levels of nitrogen fertilization in a field and nutri-culture experiments to obtain the information about the effects of pH and nitrogen fertilization on the growth and yield of soybean. Acidic condition suppressed the growth of soybean plants, and thus yield and yield components of soybean decreased under acidic condition. But they increased with increased nitrogen fertilization. Especially, these respones were more remarkable under acidic condition and in the variety Jangbaegkong. Grain yield of soybean were highly correlated with the content of allantoin and total nitrogen of soybean plants in the variety Jangbaegkong, but this was not in the variety Danyeobkong. The content of protein and fat of soybean seeds decreased under acidic condition, and more nitrogen fertilization increased the protein content, but decreased the fat content.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2023

When carrying out development projects around Ardeidae breeding habitats, we intend to devise a plan for sustainable coexistence by presenting measures to select and reduce key evaluation items so that conflicts can be prevented in advance at the environmental impact assessment stage. The results of the study are as follows. The main evaluation items are animal and plant items for preservation of Ardeidae breeding habitats and odor and noise items that can evaluate the effects of odors and noise in Ardeidae breeding habitats. First, the scope of the survey in animals and plants categories is not limited to legal guardian species, but includes egrets breeding and feeding grounds corresponding to major species breeding grounds and migratory birds, and preservation measures are established according to the reduction of the area of breeding and feeding grounds. Second, in the odor category, the irradiation period includes the period when the odor generation is the highest from the end of June to the end of July. The odor evaluation standard is based on the complex odor discharge standard, which is a concentration regulation, and the odor concentration felt by humans shall be 2 to 5OU/m³ and the frequency shall be 2% or less. Third, in the noise category, the timing of the survey is measured every month from May to August, including when the sound of egrets and young birds is combined to maximize noise generation. Since the noise of Ardeidae, a bird in summer, occurs only for a certain period of time, measures are taken to reduce noise by securing separation distances, securing buffer green areas, and installing construction rather than installing artificial structures such as soundproof walls. In order for existing Ardeidae breeding sites to maintain an appropriate density of populations and not move populations elsewhere, it is necessary to manage nesting tree and maintain stable habitat quantity and quality.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.264-274
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• 1993

This study was carried out to assess the agronomic characters and physicochemical properties of floury and chalky-endosperm mutant lines induced by chemical mutagen treatment to rice varieties, Hwacheongbyeo and IR24. Linkage analysis of a floury-endosperm gene was carried out using linkage testers. The grain size of brown rice of the mutants was smaller than that of the original varieties. The l, 000-grain and 1$\ell$ weight were lighter in the mutants compared with those in the original varieties. The compound starch granules in the endosperm cell of the mutants showed a loosely-packed crystalline structure. Amylose contents in mutants ranged from 16.9 to 28.5%. Crude protein contents of the mutants were not significantly different from the original rice variety, Hwacheongbyeo, but white core mutant(line 47106) derived from IR24 showed higher protein(l1.32%) compared with IR24(8.30%). The mutants showed slightly harder gel characteristics, and much lower viscosity in Amylograph than original varieties. Steamed rice-cakes from mutant lines showed greater volume than those from original varieties. During the process of alcohol fermentation, Brix in the mutants(especially floury mutants) decreased faster and the alcohol production after 10-day fermentation was much greater in the mutants than in the original varieties. Three different gene loci for floury endosperm characteristics were identified from the allelism test among mutant lines, and the genes were tentatively symbolized as flo-a, flo-b and flo-c, respectively. A floury gene, flo-a, was linked with lg(liguleless) gene in the linkage group N, with R.V. 5.76$\pm$1.72%.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.66-77
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• 2023

Background: Along with the increase in consumer interest in and consumption of tattoo products, the controversy over harmful heavy metals associated with the use of tattoo cosmetics is also increasing. Therefore, investigation of hazardous metals in these tattoo products is needed. Objectives: This study was performed to provide useful data for establishing reasonable standards to securely manage tattoo cosmetics, tattoo stickers, and tattoo inks distributed in the market. Methods: Thirteen kinds of hazardous metal contents (Pb, As, Cd, Sb, Ni, Co, Cu, Cr, Se, Ba, Zn, Sn, and Hg) were analyzed for 23 tattoo cosmetics, ten tattoo stickers, and 16 tattoo inks. Hg was measured through the combustion-gold amalgamation method, and other hazardous metals were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after acidic decomposition using a microwave apparatus. Results: The detected ranges of Pb, As, Cd, Sb, Ni, and Hg in tattoo cosmetics were 0.07~1.18, 0.06~0.41, ND~0.07, 0.01~3.44, 0.12~2.75, and ND~0.01 ㎍/g, respectively. All of the hazardous metals detected were below the recommended maximum standards of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. The mean amount of Pb detected in tattoo stickers for children was 0.24 ㎍/kg and Cd was not detected, meaning both metals met the recommended criteria. There was no statistically significant difference in all measured metals between children's tattoo stickers and adults' tattoo stickers. In the results of the study on the hazardous metal content of tattoo inks, four products (25%) for Pb, one product (6%) for As, 13 products (81%) for Ni, four products (25%) for Cu, and five products (31%) for Zn exceeded the recommended standards approved by the government. The highest predicted exposure amount for hazardous metals exceeding the recommended level of tattoo inks in a single tattooing was 5.69 ㎍/kg for Ni, 8.51 ㎍/kg for Zn, 0.44 ㎍/kg for Pb, 8.07 ㎍/kg for Cu, 0.44 ㎍/kg for As, and 71.36 ㎍/kg for Ba. Conclusions: It is necessary to prepare criteria for content limitation for the management of Co, Cr, Ba and Se tattoo cosmetics, and tattoo inks require thorough quality control.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.369-375
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• 2019

This study looked at the effects of teratainment taping and footpad exercise on the improvement of flat foot in a university student. We divided it into flexible flat foot taping group(n=13), flexible flat foot exercise group(n=14), rigid flat foot taping group(n=12), rigid flat foot exercise group(n=13) through a navicular drop test. After one hour's application of teratainment taping and footpad exercise, the height change of navicular, balancing ability and postural stability were evaluated. Change in the height of the navicular was measured before and after intervention, and the balancing ability was measured timed up & go test, and the postural stability ability was evaluated for stability limits in shoulder-width double leg stance, narrow base double leg stance, tandem stance. According to result, there was a statistically significant difference in the left and right foot of the flexible tapping group, right foot of the flexible tapping group, right foot of the rigid tapping group in the change in the height of the navicular in comparison pre- and post- intervention(p<0.5). There were no statistically significant differences in pre- and post- intervention comparisons intragroup and intergroup in balancing ability. There was a statistically significant difference in flexible flat foot exercise group and rigid flat foot taping group in tandem stance in comparison pre- and postintervention in the postural stability(p<0.5). And there was a statistically significant difference in tendem stance of the flexible flat foot exercise group compared to the rigid flat foot exercise group(p<0.5). The results of this study show that teratainment taping and footpad exercise have a significant effect on the improvement of flat foot in adults. Therefore, it is recommended to apply teratainment taping and footpad exercise to improve flat foot.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2023

This study addresses the current demand of the Korean mushroom export industry to establish an export strategy and governing policies.The enoki mushroom exports increased by 89% in 2009 and 23% in 2010, resulting in the largest export volume (17,163 tons) and export value ($26,292,000) being recorded in 2010. In contrast, exports in 2020 yielded only $18,525,000, which was 29% lower than that in 2010. In case of king oyster mushrooms, exports increased by 10% in 2012, 13% in 2013, and 2% in 2014, maintaining a moderate-growth trend. Moreover, Korea's mushroom exports are focused on a few specific countries. Enoki mushrooms accounted for more than 50% of the total exports to North America and Vietnam from 2012 to 2022, whereas king oyster mushrooms accounted for more than 50% of the total exports to Europe and North America (USA and Canada) from 2009 to 2022. Another characteristic trend in Korean mushroom exports is the diversification of export markets. The number of countries importing enoki mushrooms and king oyster mushrooms from Korea is increasing.