• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2012

This study investigated the occurrence of honeybee diseases in Incheon area, at the point of great widespread of sacbrood disease in the country. Sixteen resident beekeeping apiaries; 3 native honeybee and 13 European honeybee apiaries were selected for this research. Over 20 adult bees were evenly collected from the most colonies of each apiary three times (March, June, November) within a year. In this work, 13 honeybee diseases including 7 viral diseases, 2 bacterial diseases, 2 fungal diseases, and 2 parasitic diseases were detected by preliminary inspections and PCR. As a result, viral infections were confirmed at 34 among 48 apiaries (70.8%) over the entire examination period. Parasitic diseases showed the highest detection rate of 45.8%, which are detected in 44 among 96 cases. In the seasonal prevalence, 30 cases (15.6%) of 7 pathogens were detected from 14 apiaries in March, 50 cases (24.0%) of 9 pathogens and 56 cases (26.9%) of 9 pathogens were detected from all apiaries in June and November, respectively. Nosema was shown to be the most prevalent pathogen from March to November, followed by sacbrood virus (SBV) and stonebrood. The spread of SBV infection in Incheon would be under-estimated by the increasing of detection rate over the time. Especially, Chinese sacbrood virus was detected from 4 European honybee apiaries, but clinical symptoms were not found. No chalkbrood, acute bee paralysis virus, and chronic bee paralysis virus were detected in this study. The effective therapy and preventive measures should be prepared for beekeeping industry.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.137-140
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• 2016

The correct and quick diagnosis can be minimized damage from honeybee diseases. This study was carried out to detect infectious pathogens in honeybee in Jeonbuk province. 183 samples were collected from 8 area of Jeonbuk beekeeping farms in 2015 and 10 of infectious pathogens were examined through PCR and RT-PCR. Among 183 samples, positive rates of each disease were as follows; BQCV 43.7%, SBV 24.6%, DWV 16.4%, SB 15.8%, CB 10.4%, Nosemosis 7.1%, AFB 6.6%, EFB 1.1%, CBPV 1.1%, ABPV 0.0%. Among 28 beekeeping farms, 19 farms (67.9%) were infected with a complex of two or more diseases. The highest frequency of complex infections was BQCV.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2013

The ecologically and economically important honeybee species are susceptible to infections by various pathogens. This study was investigated to detect infectious pathogens in honeybee colonies reared in eastern Gyeongbuk province by PCR in 2010~2011. A total of 11 infectious pathogens, including 6 viruses, 2 bacteria, 2 fungi, and 1 parasite, were investigated in honeybee colonies suffering from symptoms of sudden collapse, depopulation, or paralysis. The infectious pathogens and infection rates among 24 honeybee colonies detected were as follows: sacbrood virus (66.7%), deformed wing virus (4.2%), black queen cell virus (12.5%), Kashmir bee virus (29.2%), American foulbrood (41.7%), European foulbrood (12.5%), stonebrood (45.8%), chalkbrood (4.2%), and Nosema (33.3%), respectively. Since the coinfection rates of multiple pathogens were detected high in honeybee colonies reared in eastern Gyeongbuk province, large-scale investigation and appropriate control programs need to be established in this region.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.4.1-4.6
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• 2021

Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is caused by Babesia caballi and Theileria equi infection. We investigated antigen and antibody of EP in horses in the Republic of Korea during 2016-2017. Antigen and antibody of T. equi was detected 0.06% (1/1,650). Phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA revealed that the T. equi was highly homologous with the strains from China, Mongolia, and Spain. Two Theileria spp. were also detected and highly homologous with T. buffeli, T. luwenshuni, and T. orientalis.

• 한국양봉학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.27-39
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• 2017

꿀벌 6종 주요 감염성 질병을 동시 진단하기 위한 PCR-chip 기반 초고속 다중 PCR 진단법을 개발 하였다. 6종 주요 꿀벌 감염성 병원체들은, 세균성 질병인 미국부저병의 원인균, Paenibacillus larvae와 유럽부저병의 원인균인 Melissococcus plutonius, 또한 진균인 Ascosphaera apis(백묵병), Aspergillus flavus(석고병)와 Nosema apis, Nosema ceranae(노제마병)를 선발하였다. 개발된 PCR-chip 기반 초고속 다중 PCR은, 꿀벌 주요 병원체 6종에 대하여 각기 $10^3$ 분자이상이 존재할 경우 모두 성공적 증폭을 보였으며, 증폭여부의 확인에 걸린 시간(Ct-time)은 6종 중 4종은 9분 내외, 2종은 7분 내외이었으며, 총 40회전의 PCR은 11분 42초, 융점분석 1분 15초로 총 PCR분석에 소요된 시간은 12분 57초(40회전 및 융점분석)이었다. 표준 DNA 기질을 사용한 PCR-chip 기반 초고속 다중 PCR은 100%에 근접한 정확도를 보였으며, 꿀벌 genomic DNA를 사용한 실험에서 false-amplification은 발견되지 아니하였다. PCR-chip 기반 초고속 다중 PCR은 실험실 내 초고속 진단 뿐 아니라 양봉 현장에서도 신속하고 효율적인 병원체 검출법이 될 것으로 기대한다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.257-265
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• 2020

The outbreak of human toxoplasmosis can be attributed to ingestion of food contaminated with Toxoplasma gondii. Toxoplasmosis recently increased in domestic and stray dogs and cats. It prompted studies on the zoonotic infectious diseases transmitted via these animals. Sero- and antigen prevalences of T. gondii in dogs and cats were surveyed using ELISA and PCR, and B1 gene phylogeny was analyzed in this study. Toxoplasmosis antibodies were measured on sera of 403 stray cats, 947 stray dogs, 909 domestic cats, and 2,412 domestic dogs collected at nationwide regions, Korea from 2017 to 2019. In addition, whole blood, feces, and tissue samples were also collected from stray cats (1,392), stray dogs (686), domestic cats (3,040), and domestic dogs (1,974), and T. gondii-specific B1 gene PCR was performed. Antibody prevalence of stray cats, stray dogs, domestic cats, and domestic dogs were 14.1%, 5.6%, 2.3%, and 0.04%, respectively. Antigen prevalence of these animals was 0.5%, 0.2%, 0.1%, and 0.4%, respectively. Stray cats revealed the highest infection rate of toxoplasmosis, followed by stray dogs, domestic cats, and domestic dogs. B1 gene positives were 5 of stray cats, and identified to high/moderate pathogenic Type I/III group. These findings enforce that preventive hygienic measure should be strengthened at One Health level in dogs and cats, domestic and stray, to minimize human toxoplasmosis infections.

• 한국양봉학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.269-275
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• 2018

Beekeeping status of Apis cerana with emphasis of experiences overcoming sacbrood virus disease are presented. Social bee fauna are rich in Vietnam with 6 honeybee species (Apis laboriosa, Apis dorsata, Apis mellifera, Apis cerana, Apis andrenifomis, Apis florea); 8 stingless bee species (Trigona laeviceps, Trigona ventralis, Trigona pagdeni, Trigona gressitti, Trigona fuscobalteata, Trigona capenteri, Trigona scintillans Trigona iridipenis) and 2 bumble bee species (Bumbus haemorrhoidalis, B. breviceps). All of them are native except A. mellifera which was introduced in1887. These bees are slated for conservation by the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development. Honey and other bee products are mainly harvested from 3 species including A. cerana, A. mellifera and A. dorsata. The manageable species (A. cerana and A. mellifera) are increasing in number, reaching about 1,500,000 beehives. Vietnam is the second largest honey exporter in Asia, with a total of about 48,000 tons of honey exported to the international market in 2014. A. cerana plays an important role in poverty alleviation in mountainous and remote areas of Vietnam. Honeybee suffers from various diseases of Sacbrood virus disease (SBV), European foulbrood (EFB), Nosema, and parasitic mites of Tropilaelaps mercedes and Varroa destructor. Most of these diseases can be resolved with biocontrol methods. For the parasitic mites, Vietnamese beekeepers usually apply formic acid.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2019

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of propolis on the increase of the immunity of honeybee bees by gradually administering the bees' propolis to bees. 0.16% and 0.3% 0.6% Propolis were administered at intervals of 2 weeks for 2 months, respectively, and 16 kinds of representative diseases of bees were tested. As a result, less bee disease was observed directly in the 0.3% propolis-administered group. In the next year, bees and a newborn bee showed a decrease in the incidence of bee disease and American foulbrood in bees administered with propolis. Based on the results of these studies, it was confirmed that propolis administration in bees helps to enhance immunity of bees and is effective in controlling American foulbrood.