• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.920-928
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• 2001

Malnutrition is a common problem in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis(HD) and compromised food intake is an important cause. Malnutrition is one of the important factors influencing mortality in chronic HD patients. We investigated the nutritional parameters of 50 Korean HD patients(mean age: 46.9 $\pm$ 10.3y, men : 23, women : 27) by measuring anthropometric and biochemical blood indices and assessing food intake using 24-h recall method. Also we administered two questionnaires, one for assessing nutritional knowledge about renal disease and dietary therapy, the other for measuring dietary habits related to dietary therapy. According to the distribution of BMI, 21.3% of HD patients were underweight. The hematological values of HD patients, such as plasma hemoglobin, hematocrit, and total lymphocyte count were below the normal range. The serum cholesterol levels were 133.2 $\pm$ 30.5mg/dl. HD patients took energy and protein only 77.5% and 83.1%, respectively, of their RDA. There were significantly positive correlations between nutritional knowledge and intake of nutrients, such as energy, fat, cholesterol, iron, potassium, vitamin B$_1$, vitamin B$_2$, and niacin. Also, there was a significantly positive correlation between nutritional knowledge and dietary habits(r = 0.317, p < 0.05). In conclusion, Korean HD patients showed mild malnutrition and suboptimal nutrition intake. It can be postulated that the dietary intake can be increased by nutrition education improving nutritional knowledge and correcting the dietary habits of HD patients.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.53-64
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• 2020

Supporting NNS method in KD-Tree algorithm is essential in multidimensional data applications. In this paper, we propose HD-Tree, a high-performance Lock-Free KD-Tree that supports NNS in situations where reads and writes occurs concurrently. HD-Tree reduced the number of synchronization nodes used in NNS and requires less atomic operations during Lock-Free method execution. Comparing with existing algorithms, in a multi-core system with 8 core 16 thread, HD-Tree's performance has improved up to 95% on NNS and 15% on modifying in oversubscription situation.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.348-356
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• 2013

The present study investigated the effects of Hovenia Dulcis (HD) fruit extract powder on the improvement of physical activity, especially exercise capacity. Forty mice were divided into 4 groups including normal controls, negative controls, 100 (HD-100) and 200 (HD-200) mg/kg HD fruit extract powder groups for 5-times exercises using treadmill. Normal control did not performed treadmill running but others did 5-times for 10 days. HD fruit extract powders were administrated orally one-times per day for 10 days before treadmill exercise and normal and negative controls were fed with excipient water. After 5-times exercise, blood biochemical analysis showed that aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CK) activities and blood lactate concentration were statistically increased in negative controls than in normal controls. They were decreased in HD fruit extract powder groups, compared with negative controls. These results were considered as the effects of HD fruit extract powders on reduced tissue damages during exercise. Other measured indices did not reveal remarkable differences. All together, these results suggest that HD fruit extract powders may enhance the exercise performance by recovering the exercise-fatigue via blood lactate concentration by reducing blood LDH activity and via reduction of blood CK and AST activity.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.495-503
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• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to compare the characteristics of humidifier disinfectant-like products (HD-like products) and humidifier disinfectant products (HD products) and introduce actual cases of the usage of HD-like products in hospitals based on an on-site investigation. Methods: The characteristics, chemical components, and usage of HD-like products (Hichlor or Biospot) and HD products (N-with) containing NaDCC (sodium dichloroisocyanurate) were compared. In the process of conducting the on-site investigation, four hospitals were identified as previously using HD-like products. Each on-site investigation to identify the use of HD-like products was composed of four parts: 1) hospital infection control guidelines, 2) manual for humidifiers in patient's rooms, 3) interviews with nursing staff, infection managers, and purchase managers, 4) searching on the product purchase system. Results: Although HD-like products (Hichlor and Biospot) and HD products (N-with) were sold for different usage purposes, they were all white-colored and coin-shaped foaming tablets with the same chemical component, NaDCC. The manual for using HD-like products and HD products was similar (inserting the tablet in a humidifier container with water). Among the four hospitals, one had used Hichlor in the same manner as HD (N-with) by inserting a tablet in 1L of water in a filled humidifier container and Biospot as a kind of detergent for humidifier container cleaning. Another two hospitals had used Biospot and/or Aniosyme as a kind of detergent for humidifier container cleaning. The other hospital had used unknown product in the same manner as N-with, so we thus assumed it was either an HD products (N-with) or HD-like products (Hichlor, Biospot). Conclusion: This study raises the possibility of the development of adverse health effects similar to exposure to an HD-products when exposed to an HD-like products and the possibility of further use in other medical institutions or multi-use facilities. Therefore, an expansion of the investigation is needed in order to confirm whether there have been similar cases in the past.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38A no.5
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• pp.436-442
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• 2013

The diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT) function of a special half-duplex (HD) dynamic decode and forward (DDF) relay protocol with more than two antennas at the source node, two antennas at the relay node, and two antennas at the destination node is derived. This protocol is compared to a HD NAF protocol with the same number of source antennas and a HD DDF relay protocol with two antennas at the source node, more than two antennas at the relay node, and two antennas at the destination node.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.107.2-107.2
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• 2012

The purpose of the present study is to search for and study the origin of planetary companion by a precise radial velocity (RV) survey for K dwarfs. The high-resolution spectroscopy of the fiber-fed Bohyunsan Observatory Echelle Spectrograph (BOES) at Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory (BOAO) is used from September 2008 to June 2012. We report the detection of two new exoplanets in orbit around HD 208527, and HD 220074 with exhibiting a periodic variation of 875.5 and 672.1 days. The examinations of surface inhomogeneous are no related to the RV variations and Keplerian motion is the most likely explanation, which suggests that the RV variations arise from an orbital motion under the influence of planetary companion. We obtain the minimum masses for the exoplanets of 11.5 and 11.1 MJup with an orbital semi-major axis of 2.3 and 1.6 AU and an eccentricity of 0.08 and 0.14, respectively. From the literatures and our estimations of stellar parameters, the luminosity class of HD 208527 is changed K dwarf to K giant and the spectral type of HD 220074 is confirmed M giant rather than K dwarf. HD 220074 is the first M giant star harboring a planetary companion.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.713-718
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 실시간적인 요소와 높은 경험의 질을 요구하는 다자간 협업 환경에서 고해상도 비디오를 제공하기 위하여, 무손실과 저지연, 저비용의 특징을 갖는 비압축 HD 비디오를 처리할 수 있는 '비압축 HD 비디오 전송 응용' (Scalable Video Tool)을 구현하여 초고해상도 디스플레이를 위한 비압축 HD 가시화 서비스'를 구성한다. Scalable Video Tool (SVT)은 Microsoft 사의 Direct Show를 기반으로, 비압축 HD 카메라와 DV 카메라, WebCam의 영상도 실시간으로 처리가 가능하다. 초고해상도 디스플레이에 고해상도 비디오와 이미지 가시화를 지원하는 SAGE(Scalable adaptive graphics environment)[2]와 SVT를 연동하여 다자간 협업 환경에서 다양한 형태의 고해상도 비디오와 그래픽스 자료를 공유할 수 있는 시스템을 구성한다. 본 논문의 마지막에서는 $5{\times}11$의 격자 형태로 구성된 타일드 디스플레이 (Tiled Display)를 이용하여 제안된 시스템을 검증한다.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.134-154
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• 1998

This paper first reviewed the definition, criteria, and neurological theories concerning the etiology of AD/HD, and the empirical studies dealing with the comorbidity of AD/HD with other psychiatric disorders. Secondly, results of studies using various neuropsychological tests for assessing the cognitive and behavioral problems in AD/HD children were examined, which suggest the possibility that dysfunction may exist in neural pathways involving many areas of the brain in AD/HD. However, because most of neuropsychological test used in Korea for ADHD children had been developed abroad, further study involving AD/HD, normal control, and other psychiatric control groups is needed to obtain developmental norms for interpreting the results, and to make more accurate diagnosis, and to clarify comorbidity of AD/HD with other disorders.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.856-864
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• 2016

Recently, HD transmission was commonplace in the case of the terrestrial broadcasting, furthermore, 4k UHD broadcasts are also being pilot and such as HD contents are common even in smart-phones. Like this, through both the content and audience are in the situation to take advantage of the HD mobile TV, only QVGA video contents are being transmitted in the terrestrial DMB broadcasting. In this paper, introduction plan of HD DMB service for activation of DMB industry will be described in terms of technical, institutional, and policy to overcome the limitations of such as DMB broadcasting. Due to the introduction of HD DMB, high quality contents will be provided to audience and the advertising revenue DMB broadcasters increased so that the market share of DMB in mobile broadcasting be recovered.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.68-80
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• 1996

Long-term hemodialysis(HD) patients manifest various signs of protein and caloric malutrition due to poor intake of nutrients and other causes. Poor nutritional status increases the mortality and morbidity rates in HD patients. Thus, mataintnance of adequate nutritional status has been a major task in taking care of patients receiving HD. This study was to evaluate the nutritional status of HD patients and to clarify the degree of nutritional deficit based on usual dietary intake, anthropometric and biochemical indicators. Sixty HD patients comprised a HD group, while the control group consisted of 60 healthy adults whose age and sex matched those of the HD group. Nutritional status was evaluated by dietrary intake using instant nutritional scale, anthropometric measures, serum protein concentrations and the number of lymphocytes. The data were analyzed by using Chi-square test and unpaired t-test. The results are as follows. 1. Regarding usual dietary intake of HD group. 1) Estimated caloric intake was significantly lower than the recommended daily allowance(RDA) and among them, 35% were taking calories less than 85% of the RDA. 2) Estimated protein intake was significantly higher than the RDA and among them 40% were taking protein more than 115% of the RDA. 3) Estimated fat intake was lower than the RDA. 4) Vitamin A, B, $B_1,\;B_2$, C and niacin in take was lower than the RDA respectively. 5) Estimated ferrous intake was within the normal limit the RDA while estimated calcium intake was higher than the RDA. 6) Both calorie and protein intake were higher for the 10 patients who had been under continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis than for the patients under HD from the beginning. 2. Regarding anthropometric measures : 1) Body mass index(BMI), midarm circumference(MAC), and triceps skinfold thickness(TSF) were lower in the HD group than in the control group. 2) Among HD group, 47.1% were within the normal limit of BMI, while 86.7% were within the same limit in the control group. 3) Among HD group, 35.0% were within the normal limit of MAC, while 83.3% were within the same limit in the control group. 4) Among HD group, only 8.3% were normal, 30.3% were mild deficit status of TSF, while 50% were normal and 48.3% were mild deficit status in the control group. 3. Regarding biochemical laboratory tests 1) Albumin, transferrin concentrations and the number of lymphocytes were lower in HD group than in the control group. 2) Among HD group, 98.3% were within the normal limit of albumin concentration and all were within the same limit in the control group. 3) Among HD group, only 11.7% were within the normal limit of transferrin concentration, while 81.7% were within the same limit in the control group. 4) Among HD group, 25% were within the normal limit, while 93.3% were within the same limit in the control group. The above findings suggest that HD patients were in nutritional deficit status. Adequate diet therapy and periodical evaluation of the nutritional status in HD patients are needed. Accordingly, it turned out that anthropometric measures were very reliable parameters and easy to use to evaluate nutritional status. So nurses are encouraged to adopt anthropometric measures to examine nutritional deficit status of HD patients.