• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.312-318
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• 2001

목적 : 고위험 유방암 환자의 수술 후 방사선치료 후 국소 재발율, 생존율 및 예후인자를 후향적 분석하여 방사선치료의 역할을 규명하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1984년부터 1995년까지 유방암으로 변형 근치적 유방절제술 후 종양의 크기가 4 cm 이상이거나, 4 cm 미만이나 액와 림프절의 전이가 있는 환자 중 방사선치료를 완료한 48명을 대상으로 하였다. 중앙 연령은 47세 ($31\~79$세)이었으며, 종양의 크기가 2 cm미만 1명, $2\~5\;cm$ 15명, 5 cm이상이 32명이었다. 액와림프절에 전이된 환자는 32명이었다. 흉벽과 국소림프절에 방사선치료받은 환자는 42명, 흉벽만 받은 환자는 6명이었으며 방사선량은 1일 1회(1.8 Gy)로 총 선량은 50.4 Gy이었다. 48명 중 18명$(38\%)$은 5-FU를 기본으로 하는 항암화학요법을 방사선치료 전 혹은 후에 투여하였다. 중앙 추적기간은 61개월이었다. 결과 : 국소 재발율은 $8\%$, 원격전이율은 $14\%$이었다. 전체환자의 5년 생존율은 $63\%$, 무병생존율은 $62\%$이었으며 중앙생존기간은 67개월이었다. 병기에 따른 5년 생존율은 IIB는 $70\%$, IIIA는 $58\%$이었으며, 생존율에 미치는 예후인자는 병기이었다(p=0.0076). 결론 : 고 위험군의 유방암 환자의 수술 후 방사선치료는 국소재발율은 감소시키고 생존율을 향상시킬 수 있으며, 생존율에 영향을 주는 인자는 병기이었다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.159-164
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• 1994

Purpose : To evaluate the role of postoperative radiotherapy in the management of primary or recurrent intracranial meningiomas. Methods and Materials : A retrospective review of 34 intracranial meningioma patients referred to the Yonsei Cancer Center for postoperative radiotherapy between 1981 and 1990 was undertaken. Of the 34 patients, 24 patients received elective postoperative radiotherapy after total or subtotal resection(Group 1), and 10 patients received postoperative radiotherapy as a salvage treatment for recurrent tumors(Group 2). Ten patients received postoperative radiotherapy after total resection, and twenty-four after subtotal resection. Ten patients who had total tumor resection were referred for radiotherapy either because of angioblastic or malignant histologic type(4 patients in Group 1) or because of recurrent disease after initial surgery(6 patients in Group 2). Radiation dose of 50-56 Gy was delivered over a period of 5-5.5 weeks using 4MV LINAC or Co-60 teletherapy unit. Results : Overall actuarial progression free survival(PFS) at 5 years was $80\%$. Survival was most likely affected by histologic subtypes. Five year PFS rate was $52\%$ for benign angioblastic histology as compared with $100\%$ for classic benign histology. For malignant meningiomas, 5 year PFS rate was $44\%$. The recurrence rates of classic, angioblastic, and malignant type were $5\%(1/21),\;80\%(4/5)$, and $50\%(4/8)$, respectively. The duration between salvage post-operative radiotherapy and recurrence was longer than the duration between initial surgery and recurrence in the patients of group 2 with angioblastic or malignant histology. Conclusion . Postoperative radiotherapy of primary or recurrent intracranial meningiomas appears to be effective modality, especially in the patients with classic meningiomas. In angioblastic or malignant histologies, a more effective approach seems to be needed for decreasing recurrence rate.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.211-226
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• 1988

방사선 단독 치료나 수술후 방사선 치료를 받았던 165명의 식도암 환자 중에서 평균 생존율은 6.6개원이였으며 3,5년 생존율은 $10\%,\;8\%$였다. 생존율을 semilogarithmical하게 나타낸 biphasic plotting에서 보면 non-responder group은 치료에도 불구하고 1년내 모두 사망하였고 responder group중에서는 수술후 방사선 치료를 받았던 환자 20명 $(54\%)$은 1, 2, 3년 생존율이 각각$80\%,\;70\%,\; 60%$였으며, 방사션 치료만 받은 환자 61명$(48\%)$의 생존율은 각각 $62\%,\;38\%,\;23\%$였다. 즉, 3년간의 생존율의 비교는 수술후 방사선 치료가 방사선 단독치료 보다는 좋았다 (P<0.01). 가장 많은 사망의 원인으로는 연하곤란$(55\%)$이였으며 환자의 대다수는 국소적인 치료실패에 의해 사망하였으며 $(62\%)$ 협착의 $88\%$는 지속적인 암의 존재와 관련이 있었다. 환자의 $50\%$는 국소적인 임파절 전이가 발견되었다. 수술전의 진단 실패율은 $54\%$가 국소임파절 전이 때문에, $29.7\%$가 육안적인 임파절 전이 때문에, $13.5\%$가 혈행성 전이 때문에 그리고 $14\%$가 국소적인 직접 침범 때문이였다. Conventional radiation (6000 cGy/30 fraction in 6 weeks)이나 hyperfractionation radiation (upto 6900cGy, l15cGy/fraction)이거나 관계없이 gross disease는 충분히 즉일수 없었다. 그러나 hyperfractionation 테크닉에 의해서 급성 방사선 염증이 감소되어서 환자의 고통을 덜어줄 수 있었으며 그 후의 만성 부작용으로서의 방사선 합병증이 현저히 감소되었다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.217-225
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• 2015

Purpose: To investigate the outcomes of patients with spinal metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), who were treated by stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 23 patients who underwent SBRT from October 2008 to August 2012 for 36 spinal metastases from HCC. SBRT consisted of approximately 2 fractionation schedules, which were 18 to 40 Gy in 1 to 4 fractions for group A lesions (n = 15) and 50 Gy in 10 fractions for group B lesions (n = 21). Results: The median follow-up period was 7 months (range, 2 to 16 months). Seven patients developed grade 1 or 2 gastrointestinal toxicity, and one developed grade 2 leucopenia. Compression fractures occurred in association with 25% of the lesions, with a median time to fracture of 2 months. Pain relief occurred in 92.3% and 68.4% of group A and B lesions, respectively. Radiologic response (complete and partial response) occurred in 80.0% and 61.9% of group A and B lesions, respectively. The estimated 1-year spinal-tumor progression-free survival rate was 78.5%. The median overall survival period and 1-year overall survival rate were 9 months (range, 2 to 16 months) and 25.7%, respectively. Conclusion: SBRT for spinal metastases from HCC is well tolerated and effective at providing pain relief and radiologic response. Because compression fractures develop at a high rate following SBRT for spinal metastases from primary HCC, careful follow up of the patient is required.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2007

배경: 여러 가지 고형암으로부터 전이된 폐암 환자에 있어서 수술적 절제는 중요한 치료 방법 중 하나다. 이를 토대로 본원에서 1996년부터 2005년까지 37명의 환자에서 시행한 전이성 폐암의 수술적치료에 대해 분석해 보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 환자의 입원기록과 수술기록, 병리기록지 등을 통하여 나이, 성별, 무병생존기간, 수술 방법, 폐 전이 병소 개수, 림프절 전이 여부 등을 조사하였다. 생존곡선과 생존율간의 비교는 각각 Kaplan-Meier life table과 log-rank test를 이용하였다. 결과: 37명의 환자 중 34명에서 완전 절제가 가능하였다. 원발 종양은 암종이 25명, 육종이 10명, 다른 종류가 2명이었으며 폐 전이 개수는 1개가 25명, 2개 이상이 12명이었다. 완전 절제가 가능했던 환자 군에서 수술후 3년 생존율은 50.5%, 5년 생존율은 35.9%으로 나타났다. 원발 종양의 종류에 따라 생존율을 비교하였을 때 암종에서의 3년 생존율은 64.5%, 5년 생존율은 45.6%로 나타났으나 육종에서의 3년 생존율은 17.5%로 낮게 나타났다. 반면, 수술 방법, 폐 전이 개수, 림프절 전이 여부, 추가 항암치료 여부와 암종에서 무병생존 기간 등은 생존율에 유의하게 영향을 미치지 못했다. 결론: 전이성 폐암은 완전 절제가 가능할 경우 잘 선택된 일부 환자에서 수술에 따른 사망률이나 이환율은 낮으면서도 높은 장기 생존율을 기대할 수 있는 질환이다. 전이성 폐암의 수술 후 예후인자 등에 대한 차후 장기적인 추적관찰과 무작위 전향적 비교 연구 등이 더 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.206-213
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• 2009

배경: 젊은 환자에서 발생하는 원발성 폐암은 고령의 환자에 비해 악성도가 높고 예후가 나쁘다는 일부 연구자들의 보고가 있어 왔으나 여전히 논란이 있다. 대상 및 방법: 2000년 7월부터 2008년 6월까지 본원에서 원발성 폐암으로 근치적 수술을 시행한 79명의 환자(50세 이하 환자 32명과(1군)과 70세 이상 환자 47명(2군)의 의무 기록을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결과: 수술 당시 연령의 중앙간은 1군이 46.5세($25{\sim}50$세), 2군이 73세($70{\sim}82$세)였다. 다른 주요 질병이 동반된 환자는 1군(44%)에 비해 2군(77%)에서 월등히 많았다(p=0.003). 비소세포 폐암을 제외한 기타 조직형(육종, 소세포암, 점액 상피양암 등)은 주로 1군에서 발생하였다(16% vs. 2%, p=0.037). 기타 조직형을 제외한 비소세포 폐암 중 1군에서 3기 환자가 유의하게 많았다(33% vs. 13%, p=0.038). 주요 술 후 합병증은 1군에서 16%, 2군에서 30% 발생하였으나 통계적 유의성은 없었고(p=0.148), 술 후 사망 환자는 2군에서만 2명 발생하였다(0% vs 4.3%, p=0.512). 평균 33개월($1{\sim}98$개월)의 추적 관찰 기간 동안 기타 조직형을 제외한 비소세포 폐암의 5년 생존율은 1군이 52.3%, 2군이 53.7%로 차이가 없었다(p=0.955). 5년 재발 회피율은 1군이 39.4%, 2군이 70.4%로 젊은 환자군에서 유의하게 재발이 많았으며(p=0.027), 다변량 분석에서도 유일한 재발의 위험 인자는 1군이었다(p=0.034). 1군 재발 환자 중 4명에서는 적극적인 수술적 치료를 시행하였고, 이들 모두가 $46{\sim}87$개월간 장기 생존하였다. 결론: 본원에서 윈발성 폐암으로 수술 받은 50세 이하 환자들의 술 후 조기 성적과 장기 생존율은 고령의 환자들과 비교하여 차이가 없었다. 그러나 젊은 환자들은 고령의 환자들에 비해 진행된 병기에서 수술을 하는 경향이 있었고, 상대적으로 재발율이 더 높았으며, 일단 재발한 경우라도 적극적인 조기 치료로 생존율을 향상시킬 수 있었으므로 철저한 추적이 필요하다고 생각한다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2017

Purpose: The concentration of capecitabine peaks at 1-2 hours after administration. We therefore assumed that proper timing of capecitabine administration and radiotherapy would maximize radiosensitization and influence survival among patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 223 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who underwent preoperative chemoradiation, followed by surgery from January 2002 to May 2006. All patients underwent pelvic radiotherapy (50 Gy/25 fractions) and received capecitabine twice daily at 12-hour intervals ($1,650mg/m^2/day$). Patients were divided into two groups according to the time interval between capecitabine intake and radiotherapy. Patients who took capecitabine 1 hour before radiotherapy were classified as Group A (n = 109); all others were classified as Group B (n = 114). Results: The median follow-up period was 72 months (range, 7 to 149 months). Although Group A had a significantly higher rate of good responses (44% vs. 25%; p = 0.005), the 5-year local recurrence-free survival rates of 93% in Group A and 97% in Group B did not differ significantly (p = 0.519). The 5-year disease-free survival and overall survival rates were also comparable between the groups. Conclusions: Despite the better pathological response in Group A, the time interval between capecitabine and radiotherapy administration did not have a significant effect on survivals. Further evaluations are needed to clarify the interaction of these treatment modalities.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.216-223
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• 2011

Objective : The purposes of this study are to estimate postoperative survival and ambulatory outcome and to identify prognostic factors thereafter of metastatic spinal tumors in a single institute. Methods : We reviewed the medical records of 182 patients who underwent surgery for a metastatic spinal tumor from January 1987 to January 2009 retrospectively. Twelve potential prognostic factors (age, gender, primary tumor, extent and location of spinal metastases, interval between primary tumor diagnosis and metastatic spinal cord compression, preoperative treatment, surgical approach and extent, preoperative Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, Nurick score, Tokuhashi and Tomita score) were investigated. Results : The median survival of the entire patients was 8 months. Of the 182 patients, 80 (44%) died within 6 months after surgery, 113 (62%) died within 1 year after surgery, 138 (76%) died within 2 years after surgery. Postoperatively 47 (26%) patients had improvement in ambulatory function, 126 (69%) had no change, and 9 (5%) had deterioration. On multivariate analysis, better ambulatory outcome was associated with being ambulatory before surgery (p=0.026) and lower preoperative ECOG score (p=0.016). Survival rate was affected by preoperative ECOG performance status (p<0.001) and Tomita score (p<0.001). Conclusion : Survival after metastatic spinal tumor surgery was dependent on preoperative ECOG performance status and Tomita score. The ambulatory functional outcomes after surgery were dependent on preoperative ambulatory status and preoperative ECOG performance status. Thus, prompt decompressive surgery may be warranted to improve patient's survival and gait, before general condition and ambulatory function of patient become worse.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.46-53
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• 1985

A single aortic valve replacement using the lonescu-Shiley bovine pericardial xenograft valve was performed in 66 consecutive patients during the period from February, 1979 to June, 1984. They were 49 males and 17 females with ages ranging from 9 to 61 [mean, 31.113.1] years, and 9 of them were children younger than 15 years of age. Twenty-seven patients [40.9%] required the combined operative procedures to either other valvular lesions or congenital defects. There were 9 early deaths within 30 days of surgery [operative mortality rate, 13.6%] and 2 late deaths thereafter [late mortality rate, 3.0%; or 1.75%/patient-year]. The 57 early survivors were followed for a total duration of 114.2 patient-years [mean, 24.016.0 months]. Four patients experienced thromboembolic complication with no death [3.50%/patient-year]; one died from intracranial bleeding related to anticoagulation [0.88%/patient-year]; one recovered from prosthetic valve endocarditis [0.88%/patient-year]; and four developed aortic regurgitant murmur with none or minimal cardiac symptoms and they were classified into cases of tissue valve failure [3.50%/patient-year]. The actuarial survival rate was 82.34.7% at 6 years, and the actuarial probabilities of freedom from thromboembolism and valve failure were 93.33.9% and 89.15.8% at postoperative 6 years respectively Symptomatic improvement was excellent in most late survivors at the follow-up end with the mean of NYHA Classes of 1.040.19 while the one was 2.290.67 at the time of operation. Excluding the higher operative mortality rates, these clinical results are fully comparable with the ones of reports from the major institutions using the porcine aortic or the bovine pericardial tissue valves and warrants the continued use of the xenograft valve in the aortic position. The importance of more detailed preoperative evaluation of the myocardial function and the need of improved myocardial preservation during surgery for the improved early clinical results were discussed.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.519-523
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• 2007

Aplastic anemia is a rare disease, which is characterized by pancytopenia and hypocellular bone marrow without infiltration of abnormal cells or fibrosis. The incidence in Asia is higher than in the West and new cases are diagnosed at a rate of 5.1 per million pediatric populations per year in Korea. The pathophysiology is understood roughly by defective hematopoiesis, impaired bone marrow micro-environment and immune mechanism. Treatments are performed on basis of pathogenesis and selected depending on the severity. Immunosuppressive therapy with antilymphocyte or antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporine is effective in the majority of patients but has some problems including relapse or clonal evolution. Recently, there have been clinical trials of immunosuppression with hematopoietic growth factors or other drugs. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is curative in children with severe aplastic anemia. The overall survival in HSCT from HLA-identical sibling is higher than alternative donor, including HLA matched unrelated donor or cord blood. We have to consider quality of life after HSCT because of high survival rate. However, chronic graft versus host disease and graft failure are important factors that affect the quality of life and overall survival. We need further investigation to make new regimens aimed at overcoming these risk factors and perform clinical trials.