• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.287-292
• /
• 1996

The present study was carried out to investigate the difference of absorption and translocation of Ni by radish grown for 45 days under factors such as the levels of Ni in soil, soil pH, competitive metal interactions, covering with soil, organic matter and lime. Germination rate of radish in soil treated by Ni 150 mg/kg was 40%. As soil pH was increased, the contents of Ni translocated to radish showed the negative correlation$(shoot=-0.965^{**},\;root= -0.837^{*})$. The Ni content in shoot and root of radish grown under 50 mg/kg Ni treated soil were slowly decreased with iron levels increased. However Ni content in shoot and root of radish grown under 50 mg/kg Ni treated soil showed increasing trend with the increasing the zinc levels. As covering with soil, organic matter and lime were treated, Ni contents of shoot and root in radishes were in the decreasing order of organic matter>covering with soil>lime.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition Conference
• /
• 2004.11a
• /
• pp.224-231
• /
• 2004

Vitamin U levels in 26 kinds of food plants are well known to healthy vegetables in Asian or Western countries were determined. Spinach showed the highest level of 452.04 mg/kg and in order Pack-choi (343.18 mg/kg) > Kale (234.18 mg/kg) > Somssukbujaengi (197.66 mg/kg) > leaf mustard (196.21 mg/kg) > aralia bud (192.50 mg/kg)> broccoli (189.03 mg/kg) >Asparagus (187.35 mg/kg). Among Korean wild medicinal plants, Sumssukbujaengi showed the highest value followed by Sanmanul (a kind of wild garlic) level of 143.46 mg/kg. For Chinese cabbages and cabbages, vitamin U showed different levels according to the parts of plant such as core, middle, outward leaves. In both samples, middle parts of leaves including midribs contained the highest level of vitamin U. The level of vitamin U was dependent on the part of the plant sample and cultivars. Leaf parts of turnip and white radish showed higher value of 84.82 mg/kg and 124.62 mg/kg than those of roots which were in order of middle (112.39 mg/kg), top (84.84 mg/kg) and bottom (84.61 mg/kg) portions in the white radish. In the analysis of amino acids, we didn't find either distinctive relationship between methionine and vitamin U synthesis or significant connection various free amino acids and vitamin U level in food plants.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.163-169
• /
• 1993

The acute toxicity of lAS-Na(Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate-Na) and MES (ASME, Alpha-Sulfo fatty acid Methyl Ester), surfactans, was eyaluated in ICR mice for 14 days. Mice aging 6 weeks were administered orally with 0, 1,000, 1,320, 1,780, 2,280, 3,000 mg/kg of lASNa or 0, 1,000, 1,560, 2,450, 3,830, 6,000 mg/kg of MES in saline. The body weight of the treated animals was not significantly different from the controls. The main clinical signs of animals treated with lAS-Na or MES were diarrhea, decreased motor acthity and piloerection. The congestion in small intestine was only gross finding in dead animals treated with two sulfactants. In this study, $LD_{50}$ values of lAS-Na and MES were eyaluated 1,319 mg/kg in male and 1,402 mg/kg in female mice, 2,040 mg/kg in male and 2,548 mg in female mice, respectiyely.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.241-248
• /
• 2002

The present study was conducted to investigate the potential subacute toxicity of CJ-10882 by a 4-week repeated oral dose in dogs. The test article was administered once dally by gavage to dogs at dose levels of 0, 2, 10, and 50 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. During the test period, clinical signs, mortality, body weights, food consumption, ophthalmoscopy, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, gross finding, organ weight, and histopathology were evaluated. Several clinical sign were observed in treated dogs at 50 mg/kg, including salivation and vomiting. Increase in the serum level of ALT and albumin observed in the female 50 mg/kg group was considered as a toxic effect related to the test article since the histopathological change in Liver was accompanied. There were no treatment-related effects on mortality, food and water consumption, ophthalmoscopy, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, necropsy findings and organ weights in any treatment group. Based on these results, target organ was not observed and the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was 10 mg/kg/day and the absolute toxic dose was 50 mg/kg for both male and female dogs.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.17-23
• /
• 2004

This study was investigated the distribution characteristics of heavy metal concentrations in soils around abandoned mines in Pochon city. The abandoned mines were Youngjung, Yongsog and Pochon. The results were as follows: 1) Heavy metal mean concentrations in minewastes were detected Cr 100.119 mg/kg, Cu 189.400 mg/kg in Youngjung mine, Cr 198.440 mg/kg, As 160.480 mg/kg in Yongsog mine and Cr 84.680 mg/kg, Zn 50.280 mg/kg in Pochon mine. 2) The mean concentrations in soils which is around mines were Cu 62.351 mg/kg in Youngjung mine, and As 95.024 mg/kg, Hg 11.279 mg/kg in Yongsog mine. All materials in Pochon mine were detected low level. 3) The concentrations of heavy metal showed low or not detected in water system (groundwaters, streams and sediments).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.45-53
• /
• 1997

Salted mackerel(Scomber japonicus) is favorite diet in Korea from ancient times. The formation of N-nitrosamine and amines such as VBN, TMAO, TMA and DMA in salted mackerels were investigated when nitrite was added to salting water at the concentration of 0, 100, 500 and 1000mg/kg and influence of cooking method on the formation of N-nitrosamine was also analyzed. The content of VBN in mackerel during the salting increased contineously; after 50 days it was approximately more than 23.8 times as compared with that of raw sample. The TMAO nitrogen decreased while TMA increased in mackerel during the salting, the amounts of TMAO and TMA were 3.7~21.0mg/100g and 15.0~20.4mg/100g in salted mackerel, respectively. The content of DMA nitrogen increased remarkably in mackerel during the salting; DMA in sample salted for 50 days reached about 16.0 times more than that of raw sample. N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) content of control sample was detected less than 1.0$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, but nitrite addition to salting water at 100, 500 and 1000ppm resulted in NDMA content of 8.1~14.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, 24.5~45.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg and 53.8~77.2$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, respectively. In contrast, cooked counterparts contained 3.3~12.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg of NDMA. In general, more NDMA were produced during cooking when samples cooked using direct heating methods such as a gas range and a briquet fire than when samples were cooked using indrect heating methods such as an electric range.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 1996.04a
• /
• pp.198-198
• /
• 1996

Eupatilin은 급성위궤양 모델인 HCl-EtOH model에서 0.3mg/kg에서 50% 억제하였으며 10mg/kg에서 95% 최대효과를 나타내었고, indomethacin model에서는 0.8mg/kg에서 50% 억제하였으며, 10mg/kg에서 97% 최대억제효과를 나타내었다. Cyclooxygenase-1의 활성은 1.7, 5.8$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$에서 prostaglandin E$_2$와 prostacyclin의 생성을 각각 2배 촉진시켰으나, cyclooxygenase-2에 대한 활성에는 영향을 주지 않았다. FMLP로 활성화시킨 호중구에 대한 활성은 0.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg에서 50% 억제하여 oxygen free radical 소거활성을 나타내었고, 반면 xanthine oxidase 및 iron-dependant lipid peroxidation 활성에 대해서는 78.8, 26.9$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$에서50% 억제를 보였다. 5-lipooxygenase 활성은 2.1$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ 에서 염증매개인자인 leukotriene B$_4$ 생성을 50% 억제하였다. 이상의 결과로부터 애엽추출의 항궤양 효과는 prostaglandin의 생성촉진 및 oxygen free radical 과 leukotriene B4와 같은 공격인자의 생성억제 등의 복합적인 작용에 기인하는 것으로 생각된다.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.69-76
• /
• 1980

Mice were dosed with $HgCl_2$ (5, 10 and 20 mg per kilogram body weight) and $CdCl_2$ (10, 15 and 20 mg per kilogram body weight) by the abdominal injection. Acid phosphatase activites of the liver at 24, 48 and 72 hours following the injection were measured by the Mundry colorimetric method using disodium p-nitrophenyl phosphate as the substrate, and the following results were obtained. The enzyme activities measured were 3.47 mg Pi/ml/0.5 hr at 24 hr and 5.00mg/ml/0.5 hr at 72hr respectively following the injection of 5 mg/kg body weight of $HgCl_2$ and 6.79 mg Pi/ml0.5 hr at 24 hr and 3.47 mg Pi/ml/0.5 hr respectively following the injection of 20 mg/kg body weight of the mercury compound, as compared with the activity of 8.3 mg Pi/ml/0.5 hr for the control. With the cadmium treatment, about 50% of the animals injected with 10mg/kg body weight, and none of the animals injected with 15 and 20mg/kg body weight, survived. Of the surviving animals, the sublethal concentration of cadmium was shown to activate the enzyme: the activities at 24, 48 and 72hr following the injection were around 11.2 mg Pi/ml/0.5 hr as compared with 8.63 mg Pi/ml/0.5 hr for the control.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.613-621
• /
• 2011

Plastic house and laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effects of substrate components and shade degrees on plant growth and physiologically-active substance content and antioxidant activity of Panax ginseng. No significant difference in growth characteristics among substrates was observed. However, shade treatment also significantly reduced leaf area, chlorophyll content, root length, and shoot and root fresh weight (P<0.05) with increasing of the degree. Total phenolics level [mg ferulic acid equivalents (FAE) $kg^{-1}$ DW] was higher in root parts (25.8 to 28.4 mg $kg^{-1}$) than shoot parts (20.7 to 23.8 mg $kg^{-1}$) of Panax ginseng, and with shade (23.7 to 28.4 mg $kg^{-1}$) than without shade (20.7 to 25.8 mg $kg^{-1}$). However, total flavonoids [mg naringin equivalents $kg^{-1}$ DW] was more detected in the shoot part (17.4 to 26.8 mg $kg^{-1}$) than in the root part (6.7 to 7.0 mg $kg^{-1}$) of Panax ginseng. Methanol extracts from the Panax ginseng plants dose-dependently increased DPPH free radical scavenging activity as a antioxidant potential, and the activity was higher in shoot parts (31.1 to 36.5%) than in root parts (24.9 to 28.7%), and without shade than with shade. In conclusion, shade affects plant growth as well as physiological activity of Panax ginseng under plastic house condition.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.54-61
• /
• 2024

The ecosystem provides a diverse array of environmental conditions for organisms, and only those that are capable of successfully adapting to these conditions within their habitats can endure, thrive, and proliferate. Further, the environmental conditions within these habitats can significantly affect the bioavailability of chemicals that are introduced therein, thus resulting in varied adverse impacts on the organisms. The present study aims to evaluate the sensitivity of Yuukianura szeptyckii - a species adapted to riparian - to heavy metals following ISO guideline 11276, with the objective of assessing its potential as an indicator species for ecotoxicological evaluations in riparian habitats. The findings revealed that cadmium and copper both had significant toxic effects depending on their concentrations. For cadmium, the LC₅₀ was 280 mg kg^-1, EC₅₀ was 66 mg kg^-1, and NOEC and LOEC were 25 and 50 mg kg^-1, respectively. For copper, the LC₅₀ was 911 mg kg^-1, EC₅₀ was 151 mg kg^-1, and LOEC was 50 mg kg^-1. Comparative analysis with previous results for the international standard species Folsomia candida and the domestic standard species Allonychiurus kimi indicated that Y. szeptyckii exhibited even greater sensitivity to toxicity values. The adverse effects on survival and reproduction were closely associated with the influx concentration of heavy metals in their bodies. Altogether, the results suggest that Y. szeptyckii is a sensitive species for ecotoxicological assessments in riparian habitats, thus making it suitable as an indicator species, particularly in riparian ecosystems that are characterized by relatively high humidity conditions.