• Title/Summary/Keyword: 5.18

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Ability to Supply Macro-nutrients as Affected by Time and Height of Mowing of Ground Cover Crops on a Pesticide-free Pear Orchard (녹비작물의 예초시기와 예초높이가 무농약 배 과원의 양분공급력에 미치는 영향)

  • Lim, Kyeong-Ho;Kim, Hyun-Ji;Kim, Byeong-Sam;Hwang, In-Taek;Son, Dong-Mo;Kim, Hyo-Joong;Jung, Seok-Kyu;Choi, Hyun-Sug
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.85-99
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    • 2017
  • The study was compared for ability to supply macro-nutrients between time and height of mowing to establish alternate technique of a chemical fertilizer with 9-year old 'Niitaka' pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) trees in a pesticide-free orchard in 2009. Rye and hairy vetch were sown together during fall 2008. Four types of mowing time treatments were included; mowing on April 18+May 28, on April 28+June 8, on May 8+June 18, and on April 18+May 18+June 18. Mowing height treatment included mowing at $3{\pm}1cm$, $7{\pm}1cm$, and $13{\pm}1cm$ on April 18 or June 8. Mowing on May 8+June 18 increased the most dry weight of ground cover and vegetation to 14,480 kg per ha among the mowing time treatments, resulting in the greatest production of T-N (total nitrogen; 292 kg) and K (396 kg) per ha on the soil. Mowing at $7{\pm}1cm$ decreased the most dry weight of ground cover and vegetation to 11,970 kg per ha among the mowing height treatments, resulting in the lowest production of T-N (265 kg), P (111 kg) and K (333 kg) per ha in a soil. Ground cover treatments increased soil organic matter contents, regardless of mowing treatment methods.

Template Synthesis and Characterization of Host (Nanocavity of Zeolite Y)-Guest ([Cu([18]aneN4S2)]2+, [Cu([20]aneN4S2)]2+, [Cu(Bzo2[18]aneN4S2)]2+, [Cu(Bzo2[20]aneN4S2)]2+) Nanocomposite Materials

  • Salavati-Niasari, Masoud;Mirsattari, Seyed Nezamodin;Saberyan, Kamal
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.348-354
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    • 2009
  • Copper(II) complexes with tetraoxo dithia tetraaza macrocyclic ligands; [18]ane$N_4S_2$: 1,4,10,13-tetraaza-5,9,14,18-tetraoxo-7,16-dithia-cyclooctadecane, [20]ane$N_4S_2$: 1,5,11,15-tetraaza-6,10,16,20-tetraoxo-8,18-dithia-cyclocosane,Bzo2[18]ane$N_4S_2$: dibenzo-1,4,10,13-tetraaza-5,9,14,18-tetraoxo-7,16-dithia-cyclooctadecane, Bzo2[20]ane$N_4S_2$: dibenzo-1,5,11,15-tetraaza-6,10,16,20-tetraoxo-8,18-dithia-cyclocosane; were entrapped in the nanopores of zeolite-Y by a two-step process in the liquid phase: (i) adsorption of [bis(diamine)copper(II)] (diamine = 1,2-diaminoethane, 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,2-diaminobenzene, 1,3-diaminobenzene); $[Cu(N-N)_2]^{2+}$-NaY; in the nanopores of the zeolite, and (ii) in situ template condensation of the copper(II) precursor complex with thiodiglycolic acid. The obtained complexes and new host-guest nanocomposite materials; $[Cu([18]aneN_4S_2)]^{2+}-NaY,\;[Cu([20]aneN_4S_2)]^{2+}-NaY,\;[Cu(Bzo_2[18]aneN_4S_2)]^{2+}-NaY,\;[Cu(Bzo_2[20]aneN_4S_2)]^{2+}$-NaY; have been characterized by elemental analysis FT-IR, DRS and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques, molar conductance and magnetic moment data, XRD and, as well as nitrogen adsorption. Analysis of data indicates all of the complexes have been encapsulated within nanopore of zeolite Y without affecting the zeolite framework structure.

Improved Radiochemical Yields, Reliability and Improvement of Domestic $^{18}F$-FDG Auto Synthesizer (국산 $^{18}F$-FDG Auto Sysnthesizer의 수율 향상과 성능 개선)

  • Park, Jun-Hyung;Im, Ki-Seop;Lee, Hong-Jin;Jeong, Kyung-Il;Lee, Byung-Chul;Lee, In-Won
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.147-151
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    • 2009
  • Purpose: 2-[$^{18}F$]Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([$^{18}F$]FDG) particularly plays as a important role in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging in nuclear medicine. Domestic [$^{18}F$]FDG auto synthesizers are installed in Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (SNUBH) at June 2008, these modules were known that it's synthetic yields were guaranteed in average $45{\pm}5%$ so far. To improve yields and convenience of domestic [$^{18}F$]FDG auto synthesizer, numerous trials in reaction time, base concentration, pressure and temperature were performed to increase [$^{18}F$]FDG yields. Materials and Methods: Several synthetic factors (temperature, time and pressure) and shortcoming were corrected based on many evaporation test. Syringe dispensing of tetra-butylammonium bicarbonate (TBAB) was replaced with micro pipette to prepare tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride salt ([$^{18}F$]TBAF). Troublesome refill of liquid nitrogen every 2 hours which was used to protect vacuum system was changed to charcoal cartridge, base guard filter. To monitor the volume of delivered $[^{18}O]OH_2$ from cyclotron by surveillance camera, we set up the volumetric vial on the cover of the module. In addition to, the recovery vial was added in [$^{18}F$]FDG production system to recover [$^{18}F$]FDG loss due to the leak of valve ($V_{13,14}$) in [$^{18}F$]FDG purification process. Results: When we used micro pipette for adding TBAB ($30\;{\mu}L$ in 12% $H_2O$ in acetonitrile), this quantitative dispensation has enabled to improve $5.5{\pm}1.7%$ residual fluorine-18 activity in fluorine separation cartridge compared to syringe adding. Besides, the synthetic yields of [$^{18}F$]FDG has increased $58{\pm}2.6%$ (n=19), $58{\pm}2.9%$ (n=14), $60%{\pm}2.5%$ (n=17) for 3 months. The life cycle of charcoal cartridge and base vacuum was 3 months prior to filling liquid nitrogen every 2 hours and additional side separator can prevent pump corrosion by organic solvent. After setting of volumetric indicator vial, the operator can easily monitor the total volume of irradiated $[^{18}O]OH_2$ from cyclotron. The recovery vial can be used for the stabilizer when an irregular [$^{18}F$]FDG loss was generated by the leak of valves ($V_{13,14}$). Conclusions: We has optimized appropriate synthetic conditions (temperature, time, pressure) in domestic [$^{18}F$]FDG auto synthesizer. In addition to, the remodeling with several accessories improve yields of domestic [$^{18}F$]FDG auto synthesizer with reliable reproducibility.

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Recent progress in aromatic radiofluorination

  • Kwon, Young-Do;Chun, Joong-Hyun
    • Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.145-151
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    • 2019
  • Fluorine-18 is considered to be the radionuclide of choice for positron emission tomography (PET). Thus, the development of small molecule-based radiopharmaceuticals for use in diagnostic imaging relies heavily on efficient radiofluorination techniques. Until the early 2000s, diaryliodonium salts and aryliodonium ylides were widely employed as labeling precursors to yield aromatic PET radiotracers with cyclotron-produced [18F]fluoride ion. Rapid recent progress in the development of efficient borylation methods has led to a paradigm shift in 18F-labeling methods. In addition, deoxyfluorination has attracted a great deal of interest as an alternative approach to aryl ring activation with 18F-. In this review, methods for radiolabel development are discussed with a specific focus on the progress made in the last 5 years. Other interesting 18F-based protocols are also briefly introduced. New methods for exploiting 18F- are expected to increase the number of 18F-labeling methods, to allow applications in a range of chemical environments.

History as Media Narrative and Representation of Collective Memory Focusing on the Prime-time Television News Reports Related with the May 18 Democratic Movement (매체 서사로서의 역사와 집합기억의 재현 5·18 민주화운동 관련 지상파방송 뉴스를 중심으로)

  • Joo, Jaewon
    • Korean journal of communication and information
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    • v.71
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    • pp.9-32
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    • 2015
  • The media, traditionally, serves to reinforce one's limited memory and transform those personal memories of society's members into collective memories. Notably, the mass media collects countless pieces of personalized memories for the creation of collective memories. Through the process of recollecting as well as recreating the past in the present, mass media exerts influence on the means the public appreciates and understands the history. Although numerous new medias like Internet overflows in today's society, television continues to stand firm as the salient means to construct the memories in daily lives. In this context, the research aims to analyze the televised news as the principal agent of memory producer to determine through which memories it recreates the $5{\cdot}18$ in today's media. The analysis of news values clarifies that every government placed distinctive news values on $5{\cdot}18$ within its historical context. Even so, such values were often fixed based on its relations to the existing political issues. Furthermore, through the discourse analysis, this research concludes that today's coverage of $5{\cdot}18$ is softening and becoming conventional.

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CLINICAL STUDY OF THE ABUSE IN PSYCHIATRICALLY HOSPITALIZED CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS (소아청소년 정신과병동 입원아동의 학대에 대한 임상 연구)

  • Lee, Soo-Kyung;Hong, Kang-E
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.145-157
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    • 1999
  • This study was performed by the children and adolescents who were abused or neglected physically, emotionally that were selected in child & adolescents psychiatric ward. We investigated the number of these case in admitted children & adolescents, and also observed characteristics of symptoms, developmental history, characteristics of abuse style, characteristics of abusers, family dynamics and psychopathology. We hypothesized that all kinds of abuse will influnced to emotional, behavioral problems, developmental courses on victims, interactive effects on family dynamics and psychopathology. That subjects were 22 persons of victims who be determined by clinical observation and clinical note. The results of the study were as follows:1) Demographic characteristics of victims:ratio of sex was 1:6.3(male:female), mean age was $11.1{\pm}2.5$. According to birth order, lst was 12(54.5%), 2nd was 5(23%), 3rd was 2(9%) and only child was 3(13.5%). 2) Characteristics of family:According to socioeconomic status, middle to high class was 3(13.5%), middle one was 9(41.% ), middle to low one was 9(41%), low one was 1(0.5%). according to number of family, under the 3 person was 3(13.5%), 4-5 was 17(77.5%), 6-7 was 2(9%). according to marital status of parents, divorce or seperation were 5(23%), remarriage 2(9%), severe marital discord was 19(86.5%). In father, antisocial behavior was 7(32%), alcohol dependence was 10(45.5%). In mother, alcohol abuse was 5(23%), depression was 17(77.3%), history of psychiatric management was 6(27%). 3) Characteristics of abuse:Physical abuse was 18(81.8%), physical and emotional abuse and neglect were 4(18.2%). according to onset of abuse, before 3 years was 15(54.5%), 3-6 years was 5(27.5%), schooler was 1(15%). Only father offender was 2(19%), only mother offender was 8(35.4%), both offender was 8(35.4%), accompaning with spouse abuse was 7(27%), and accompaning with other sibling abuse was 4(18.2%). 4) General characteristics and developmental history of victims:Unwanted baby was 12(54.5%), developmental delay before abuse was9(41%), comorbid developmental disorder was 15(68%). there were 6(27.5%) who didn‘t show definite sign of developmental delay before abuse. 5) Main diagnosis and comorbid diagnosis:According to main diagnosis, conduct disorder 6(27.3%), borderline child 5(23%), depression4(18%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) 4(18%), pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified 2(9%), selective mutism 1(5%). According to comorbid diagnosis, ADHD, borderline intelligence, mental retardation, learning disorder, developmental language disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, chronic tic disorder, functional enuresis and encoporesis, anxiety disorder, dissociative disorder, personality disorder due to medical condition. 5) Course of treatment:A mean duration of admission was $2.4{\pm}1.5$ months. 11(15%) showed improvement of symtoms, however 11(50%) was not changed of symtoms.

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