• 생물정신의학
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.215-218
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• 1998

The $5-HT_{2A}$ receptor is of great interest for research into schizophrenia and psychopharmacology in light of the observation that schizophrenic patients has 5-HT cortical-subcortical imbalance and atypical antipsychotic clozpine has $5-HT_{2A}$ antagonists properties. An significant association between schizophrenia and the T102C polymorphism of the gene for $5-HT_{2A}$receptor has been reported. In this study, we investigated an association between schizophrenia and the T102C polymorphism of the gene for $5-HT_{2A}$ receptor in Korean schizophrenic patients. The subjects consisted of 139 schizophrenic patients and 88 normal controls. Genomic DNA was amplified by PCR and digested with MsPI. The uncutt product identified allele 1(nucleotide sequence TCT) ; digested products of 216bp and 156bp identified allele 2(nucleotide sequence TCC). The allele frequencies and the genotypic distribution of $5-HT_{2A}$ receptor gene were not significantly different between schizophrenic patients and normal controls. Since allele frequencies of the T102C polymorphism may differ between individuals of different ethnic backgrounds, it needs to be conducted in an advanced research.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.146-154
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• 2004

Objective:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) is the most common childhood psychiatric disorder, affecting 3-5% of school-aged children. Although the biological basis of ADHD is unknown, family studies provide strong evidence that ADHD has a genetic basis. Recent genetic studies have suggested associations between ADHD and serotonin 1B(5HT1B) receptor gene G861C polymorphism. The aim of this study is to test for the association between ADHD and 5HT1B receptor gene G861C polymorphism in Korean population. Method:We processed DNA extraction and genotyping. 106 Korean children with ADHD and their parents were analyzed using the transmission disequilibrium test(TDT) and haplotype-based haplotype relative risk (HHRR). And the ADHD children were compared with 212 age and gender matched normal controls. Results:There was no statistical difference of distributions between ADHD cases and controls. We did not observe any preferential transmission of alleles of 5HT1B receptor gene G861C polymorphism in ADHD. Conclusions:Though there is the possibility of failing to detect small genetic effects, our results show no evidence of an association between ADHD and 5HT1B receptor gene G861C polymorphism in the Korean population and indicate that it is unlikely that the 5HT1B receptor is implicated in the susceptibility to ADHD.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2003

Objective:Some candidate gene polymorphisms were reported to be associated with tardive dyskinesia (TD). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the 5-$HT_{2A}$ receptor gene polymorphisms with TD in Korean schizophrenic subjects. Method:Subjects were of 59 schizophrenic patients with TD and 60 schizophrenic patients without TD for studying of 5-$HT_{2A}$ receptor gene polymorphisms. TD was evaluated using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale(AIMS). Genomic DNA was amplified by PCR and digestion with MspI and BsmI. Result:There were no statistically significant differences in the demographic variables, such as age, male to female percentage, duration of illnesses and duration of antipsychotic drug exposure between the TD group and control group. 1) T102C polymorphisms and TD Comparing the TD group and control group, the 102T/C allele was associated with a significantly increased risk for TD (${\chi}^2$=5.560, df=1, p=0.018). 2) Three AIMS categories of TD and T102C genotype. There were statistically significant differences in the three AIMS categories(${\chi}^2$=6.835, df=2, p=0.033). Conclusion:These result suggest 102T/C genotypes of the 5-$HT_{2A}$ receptor gene are related to the development of TD. The 102T/C genotypes were associated with significantly higher AIMS orofacial dyskinesia scores. These findings suggest that the 5-$HT_{2A}$ receptor gene is significantly associated with susceptibility to TD in patients with chronic schizophrenia.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.303-309
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• 2008

Objectives : Some reports have suggested that 5-HT5A polymorphism allelic association was associated with depression, however, there has been no report about relationship between the 5-HT5A gene and antidepressant response. We conducted the association study of the 5-HT5A receptor gene polymorphisms (-19G/C,12A/T) and response to citalopram in Korean patients with major depressive disorder(MDD). Methods : A total of 106 patients with major depressive disorder were included in this study. The patient's symptoms were measured by 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD) at baseline, week 1, week 2, week 4 and week 8 during citalopram treatment. A Responder to citalopram was defined by 50% reduction of total HAMD scores. To analyze genetic polymorphisms, a polymerase chain reaction based method was used. Results : At week 8, responders were 62, non-responders were 44. No significant differences of genotypes or allelic association in 19G/C and 12A/T polymorphisms were observed between responsive and non-responsive patients. Conclusion : These results do not support the hypothesis that this polymorphism of the HT5A receptor gene is involved in the therapeutic response to citalopram.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.4455-4458
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• 2014

Breast cancer is a serious and potentially lethal multi-factor disease among 40-50 aged women in both developed and developing countries. Also, various studies have pointed to roles of neurotransmitters like serotonin in development of cancers, through action on various types of receptors. This study was conducted to evaluate serotonin receptor (5HT2AR and 5HT3AR) genes expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of breast cancer patients in comparison with the healthy people and in the MCF7 cell line. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 30 patients and 30 healthy individuals. Total RNA was extracted from PBMCs and MCF-7 cells. and 5HT2AR and 5HT3AR were detected by RT-PCR techniques. Finally, serotonin receptor gene expression variation in breast cancer patients and MCF-7 cells were determined by real time-PCR. This latter indicated significant promotion in expression of 5HT3AR and 5HT2AR in PBMCs in breast cancer patients but expression of 5HT2AR in the MCF-7 cell line was significantly decreased. In conclusion, after performing complimentary tests, determine of gene expression changes in serotonin receptors (5HT2AR and 5HT3AR) may be useful as a new approach in treatment of breast cancer based on use of antagonists.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.355-359
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• 2000

Cocaine induces immediate early gene expression and behavioral changes by blocking dopamine transporters in the terminals of nigrostriatal neurons in the striatum. The pharmacological role of serotonin 2/1C (5HT2/1C) receptors in cocaine-induced expression of zif268 (NGFI-A, egr1 and Krox-24) mRNA, a member of the zinc finger, was investigated using quantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry in vivo. Behavioral alterations induced by cocaine were also monitored in relation with blockade of the receptors. Systemic injection of ritanserin (1 mg/kg, s.c.), a 5HT2/1C receptor antagonist, did not reverse behavioral alterations and zif268 mRNA gene expression induced by 15 mg/kg cocaine, i.p., in the dorsal and ventral striatum. These data indicate that ritanserin-sensitive 5HT2/1C receptors are not necessary for cocaine-induced behavioral alterations and zif268 mRNA gene expression in the striatum.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.3-7
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• 2002

Genes involved in the serotonin system are good candidates for the pathogenesis of mood disorder and mood-related disorders, such as eating disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, alcoholism, and suicide. Serotonin type 2A(5-HT2A) receptor gene promoter polymorphism(-1438A/G) has been reported. In this article, authors reviewed the literatures regarding association studies between -1438A/G and mood disorder and mood-related disorders. There are controversial results with limited data to date. Further researches on the -1438A/G in psychiatric disorders are required.

• BMB Reports
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.238-242
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• 2005

5-HT2A is one of major serotonin receptor that is involved in the action of serotonin-targeting drugs. Previous clinical studies have shown an unexpected association between lower cholesterol level and psychiatric diseases, in which T102C polymorphism of HTR2A, gene of 5-HT2A serotonin receptor, might be involved. Therefore, we hypothesized a potential association between lower cholesterol level and T102C polymorphism. The effect of the T102C polymorphism on the serum lipid profiles of 646 subjects without specific psychiatric disease was investigated. Genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. There were significantly lower levels of total cholesterol ($193.6{\pm}35.0$ versus $202.1{\pm}45.5\;mg/dl$, p = 0.016) and HDL-cholesterol ($42.7{\pm}11.6$ versus $46.3{\pm}12.7\;mg/dl$, p = 0.004) in CC genotype than non-CC genotypes. Moreover, multivariate analysis showed that the CC genotype is a strong predictor of a lower HDL-cholesterol level (p < 0.001). In conclusion, this study shows that the CC genotype of the HTR2A gene is related to lower HDL-cholesterol level in Koreans. This is the first demonstration showing the potential genetic relationship between the serotonin receptor gene polymorphism and the HDL-cholesterol level.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.361-367
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• 2000

Cocaine functions as indirect dopamine and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT) agonists and induces genomic and behavioral alterations in the striatum. Previously we demonstrated that ritanserin, a 5HT2/1C receptor antagonist, is not responsible for cocaine-induced behavioral alterations and zif268 mRNA gene expression in the striatum (see the previous paper in this issue). In this study, it was hypothesized that dopamine and 5HT2/1C receptors are required for cocaine-induced behavioral alterations and c-fos and zif268 mRNA expression. This hypothesis was addressed by infusing amperozide which antagonizes both 5HT2/1C and dopamine receptors and was analyzed using the quantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry in vivo. Systemic injection of amperozide (5 mg/kg, s.c.) significantly blocked increase in behavior, c-fos and zif268 mRNA expression induced by 15 mg/kg cocaine, i.p., in the dorsal striatum. These data suggest that dopamine and 5HT2/1C receptors are necessary for cocaine-induced behavioral alterations and immediate early gene expression in the dorsal striatum.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.111-115
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• 2002

세로토닌(serotonin, 5-HT)은 아민류 가운데 카테콜아민과 더불어 중요한 체네 생리 및 행동 조절을 담당하는 신경 전달물질이다. 특히 'Prozac'으로 잘 알려진 항우울제는 5-HT의 세포내 재흡수를 선택적으로 억제하는 약물(selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, SSRI)로써 광범위하게 사용중인 약물인데, 알려진 부작용으로 사정 능력의 변화가 관찰된다. 이는 5-HT에 의한 성 행동 또는 성 기능 조절기작이 있음을 의미한다. 본 연구에서는 수컷 흰쥐의 성 행동 조절에 관여함이 잘 알려진 5-HT의 중추 신경계 수준에서의 작용 외에 말초 조직 수준에서 직접 작용이 가능한가의 여부를 검증하기 위해서 정소, 정관, 저정낭 등 수컷 흰쥐의 생식 기관들을 대상으로 5-HT 수용체 아형들의 유전자 발현 여부를 조사하였다. 적출된 뇌, 정소, 정관, 저정낭, 음경해면체 등의 장기에서 추출한 total RNA로 5-HT 수용체 각 아형들에 대한 RT-PCR을 시행한 결과, 대조군인 뇌는 물론 모든 생식 기관에서 다양한 5-HT수용체 아형들의 mRNA발현을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 사정 반응을 담당하는 최종 장기인 저정낭과 정관에서, 지금까지 여러 연구 결과에서 사정 현상에 관여할 것으로 추정되어 온 5-H $T_{1A}$, 5-H $T_{1B}$, 5-H $T_{2C}$ 수용체 아형들이 실제로 발현됨을 관찰하였다. 이 결과는 5-HT에 의한 성 행동 조절이 중추신경계 수준에서는 물론 말초 조직 수준에서도 직접 가능함을 시사하는 것이다. 본 연구의 시도와 같이 5-HT의 다양한 작용기전에 대한 조사는 포유동물 성 행동에 대한 이해 증진과 더불어 성기능 이상의 부작용이 적은 새로운 항우울제의 개발로 연결될 수 있다고 판단된다.다.다.다.ized freezing방법간에 큰 차이가 없음을 볼 수 있었다.유의 경우 $World-Labs^(R)$ 처리구가 가장 높았다.상으로 면역활성 실험을 실시한 결과, 장관면역 활성은 젖산균의 세포질 획분에서 양성 대조군으로 사용한 LPS와 같은 수준의 면역활성을 나타내었고, 특히 Lb. acidophilus속 균주들의 세포벽 획분의 장관 면역활성이 다른 균주보다 높게 나타났다. 한편 젖산균주의 세포질과 세포벽 성분에 대한 비장 림프구의 증식능은 대조군과 비슷한 수준으로 낮게 관찰되었으나, 이들의 대식 세포증식능은 세포벽 및 세포질 모두의 획분에서 대조군보다 높았으며 특히 세포벽 획분의 경우에는 양성대조군인 LPS 보다 높거나 유사한 정도의 높은 활성을 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로부터 시험 균주 중에서 Lb. acidophilus 균주인 DDS-1과 B-3208이 프로바이오틱스로서 요구되는 조건을 충족시킨다는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 이들 균주의 상업적 이용 가능성을 재차 확인할 수 있었다./TEX>, 함량은 가공된 냉동감자보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 상온 냉장저장 감자의 vitamin $B_1$, $B_2$ 함량은 각각 6, 4주차 이후부터 급격한 감소를 보였으나, 냉동저장 감자의 경우 48주(12개월)저장 중 함량변화가 없었다. 물성적 품질변화 평가에서 상온 냉장저장 감자의 무게와 부피는 24주간 다소 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 통계적인 유의차는 없었다. 냉동저장 감자의 무게와 부피 변화는 48주간 전혀 없었다. 상온 냉장저장 감자의 조직의 강도(hardness)는 24주간 다소 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 냉동저장 감자는 48주간 hardness의 변화가 전혀 없었다. Frozen mashed 감자는 저장기간이 지날수록 응집력(cohesiveness)이 조금씩 떨어졌으나 다른