• Herbal Formula Science
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.99-114
• /
• 2003

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Chaihushugansan and Chaihuyigantang on the change of monoamine-contents in the hypothalamus of mice induced by the immobilization stress. Each formula(1.0g/kg) was injected intragastrically to mice 1 hour prior to the immobilzation stress(15 minutes) before measuring the change of monoamine-contents level in mice hypothalamus. The results were as follows: 1. DA content at control group showed significant change. CHSGS group and CHYGT group showed significant decrease.(P<0.05) 2. NE content of the control group was increased than normal group. NE content of the CHYGT group was shown a significant decrease than control group.(P<0.05) 3. DOPAC contents didn't show significant changes at any groups. 4. 5-HT contents didn't show significant changes at any groups. 5. 5-HIAA contents at CHSGS group and CHYGT group showed signifiant changes.(P<0.05, 0.01) These data revealed that chaihushugansan and chaihuyigantang might have the anti-stress effect through the control of DA and NE contents in the hypothalamus.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.3-12
• /
• 2005

Most suicides(about 90%) occur in the context of psychiatric disorders. Prediction of suicide risk in patients with mental illness is very important in preventing suicide attempts. However, current approaches to predict suicidality are based on clinical history and have low specificity and biological markers are not yet included. Many studies have explored the association between different biological parameters and suicidality. Studies of cerebro-spinal fluid(CSF) demonstrated that 5-HIAA and HVA levels were lower in patients with a history of suicide. Platelet serotonin transporter and the 5-HT2 serotonin receptor have also been studied in relation to violence and suicide. Depressive patients with greater suicidal tendency had significantly lower cholesterol concentrations but some researchers failed to find the correlation. DST non-supression is reported to predict suicidality in major depression. Several studies demonstrated a relationship between intron 7 polymorphism of tryptophan hydroxylase and suicidal behavior. Since suicide is not occurred in a single disease, the systematic and comprehensive study in large samples with various diagnoses is necessary to find the biological and genetic predictors of suicidal behavior.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.1322-1330
• /
• 2004

This experimental studies were performed in order to prove the effect of Phospholipase A₂(PLA₂) Herbal-acupuncture by using rats that had neuronal damage due to the Middle Cerebral Artery Occulsion(MCAO). We observed the change of extracellular concentrations(μM) Of dopamine, DOPAC, HVA, HIAA, glutamate, aspartate, GABA, glysine, taurine, alanine, and tyrosine as extracted by vivo microdialysis, in the PLA₂ Herbal-acupuncture administrated rats(240-260g, Sprague-Dawley) subjected to the MCAO. The dialysates were extracted three times before the MCAO and six times after the MCAO every 20 minutes, and ana lysed by highperformance liquid chromatography(HPLC). PLA₂ Herbal-acupuncture significantly inhibited glutamate and tyrosine which are stimulant neurotransmitters at brain ischemia, and it significantly decreased glycine, GABA, taurine, and alanine which are inhibitory neurotransmitters at brain ischemia. PLA₂ Herbal-acupuncture may prevent delayed neuronal death(DND) in selectively vulnerable focal areas of the brain effectively.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.12-21
• /
• 1992

This study was aimed to investigate the relations between self-selected intake of 3 macronutrie-nts and body weight gain and body fat accumulation in male rats given three isocaloric diets differing carbohydrate protein and fat contents concurrently. Also the effect of dietary restriction was observed. Forty two male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighing 68.7$\pm$6.1g were randomly divided into 2 groups and were allowed to have foods from 3 different cups for 8-hours a day or ad libitum, After 12 weeksthey were decapitated and their brains were quickly removed and frozen until they were assayed for serotonin and its metabolite 5-HIAA The carcass was dried at 105$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$ and measured the contents of body water and body fat. The animals chose a moderately high and constant carbohydrate level and showed the increase of percent protein intake with age and great individual variations. Protein in the diet seemed to trigger appetite and increase food intake which resulted in higher weight gains and in more fat deposition in the body. The concentration of brain serotonin did not show any correlations with the intake of nutrients. the accumulation of body fat and the gain of body weight.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.220-225
• /
• 2001

As numbers of serotonin's function are so many, studies of serotonin are numerous nowadays. In the beginning, concentration of metabolites such as 5-HIAA was a key issue, but recent studies have been challenged for serotonin receptor genes and their relation to mood disoder. Serotonin transporter(5-HTT) gene is a strong candidate gene of mood disoder for following reason. Serotonin transporter is a key protein in the serotonin pathway as it regulate the concentration of serotonin in the synaptic clept and essential pathophysiology of depression is dysregulation of 5-HTT so that all antidepressants have effect of 5-HTT antagonist. The decrease of 5-HTT in the platelet and in brain of the depressive patients is much consistent results in the studies of the pathophysiology of mood disorder till now. By this, we will be able to develop simple and easy marker for diagnosis, type, and treatment monitoring of depression. Many psychiatrists have sought the independent genes in relation to depression or schizophrenia. Obviously, the hereditary vulnerability contributes to etiology of mood disorders, but it is difficult to discriminate the independent genes because of many environmental factors. Moreover, in the hereditarily complex diseases such as mood disorder, the only vulnerability of gene can not sufficiently explain the etiology. In the future, to exclude the role of the gene-environmental interaction, the methods such as gene transfer can be considered. In the opposite direction, by using the gene destruction method, the role of target genes can be examined. As yet the concept of the gene expression, neural plasticity, neurogenesis and etc, is the elementary stage. The development of this field will help to establish the treatment strategy of chronic and refractory mood disorders.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.179-194
• /
• 1995

This study aimed to determine whether exposure to stress during developmental period causes permanent behavioral and/or neurochemical alterations. Alterations of behavior were studied in young and aged rats which have been exposed to uncontrollable and unpredictable electric shocks on postnatal day(PND) 14 or PND 14 and 21. The concentrations of monoaminergic neurotransmitters were also measured to determine whether the behavioral alterations were accompanied by neurochemical changes. The results obtained are as follows: 1) The rate of increase in body weight was reduced at one day after exposure to the 1st series of shocks on PND14. However, these findings could not be observed after exposure to the 2nd series of shocks on PND 21. 2) Explorative activity decreased at one day after exposure to the 1st series of shocks on PND14. However this findings could not be observed after exposure to the 2nd series of shocks on PND 21. 3) At 100 days of age, there were little changes in the spontaneous locomotor activities measured for consecutive 23 hrs. However, there was positive correlation between the shock number showing the 1st helplessness during receiving the 1st series of shocks and the night time ambulatory activity of females, and was negative correlation between the shock number showing the 1st helplessness during receiving the 1st or 2nd series of shocks on PND 14 or 21 and the night time ambulatory activity of females. 4) At $360{\sim}390$ days of age, night time ambulatory activity decreased in female rats which have been exposed to shocks on PND 14 and 21, but not in males. 5) In the aged female rats, the concentrations of 5-HT, dopamine and their metabolites were not different among groups. However, the ratio of 5-HIAA/5-HT increased in the frontal cortices of rats exposed to shocks on PND 14 and 21. These results demonstrate that the early experience of serious stress results in persistent alterations of behavior accompanying altered neurochemistry, and aging may unmask a subtle neuronal deficit causes by the early experience of serious stress.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.623-629
• /
• 1996

Bronchial carcinoid tumors are uncommon, constituting approximately 5% of all primary lung cancers. Carcinoid tumors belong to the calss of neuroendocrine tumors that consist of cells that can store and secrete neuramines and neuropeptides. Neuroendocrine tumors of the lung include three pathologic types : a low-grade malignancy, the so-called 'typical carcinoid', a more aggressive tumor, the "atypical carcinoid", and the most aggressive malignant neoplasm, the small-cell carcinoma. Atypical carcinoid tumor have a higher malignant potential, is more commonly peripheral than is the typical carcinoid tumor. Histologic features would characterize a carcinoid as hitologically atypical : increased mitotic activity, pleomorphism and irregularity of neuclei with promonent nucleoli, hyperchromatin, and abnormal nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, areas of increased cellularity with disorganization of architecture, and areas of tumor necrosis. Metastatic involvement of regional lymph nodes and distant organ is common. The prognosis is related to size of the tumor, typical of atypical appearance, endoluminal of extraluminal growth, vascular invasion, node metastasis, Pulmonary resection is the treatement of choice for bronchial carcinoid. We experienced one case of bronchopulmonary atypical carcinoid tumor. In the case, radiologic study showed solitary lung mass with liver metastasis and the level of 5-HIAA was elevated. There was no history of cutaneous flushing, diarrhea, valvular heart disease. The authors reported a case of bronchopulmonary atypical carcinoid tumor with review of literatures.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.20-36
• /
• 2001

The debate about whether depressive disorders should be divided into categories or arrayed along a continuum has gone for decade, without resolution. In our review, there is more evidence consistent with the spectrum concept than there is with the idea that depressive disorders constitute discrete clusters marked by relatively discontinuous boundaries. First, "depression spectrum", "is there a common genetic factors in bipolar and unipolar affective disorder", "threshold model of depression" and "bipolar spectrum disorder" are reviewed. And, a new subtype of depression is so called SeCA depression that is a stressor-precipitated, cortisol-induced, serotonin-related, anxiety/aggression-driven depression. SeCA depression is discussed. But, there is with the idea that depressive disorders constitute discrete subtypes marked by relatively discontinuous boundaries. This subtypes of depressive disorder were reviewed from a variety of theoretical frames of reference. The following issues are discussed ; Dexamethasone suppression test(DST), TRH stimulation test, MHPG, Temperament Character Inventory(TCI), and heart rate variability(HRV).

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.23-30
• /
• 2007

The ultimate objective of this study is to develop oxygen-enriched combustion techniques applicable to the system of practical industrial boiler. To this end the combustion characteristics of lab-scale LNG combustor were investigated as a first step using the method of numerical simulation by analyzing the flame characteristics and pollutant emission behaviour as a function of oxygen enrichment level. Several useful conclusions could be drawn based on this study. First of all, the increase of oxygen enrichment level instead of air caused long and thin flame called laminar flame feature. This was in good agreement with experimental results appeared in open literature and explained by the effect of the decrease of turbulent mixing due to the decrease of absolute amount of oxidizer flow rate by the absence of the nitrogen species. Further, as expected, oxygen enrichment increased the flame temperatures to a significant level together with concentrations of $CO_2$ and $H_2O$ species because of the elimination of the heat sink and dilution effects by the presence of $N_2$ inert gas. However, the increased flame temperature with $O_2$ enriched air showed the high possibility of the generation of thermal $NO_x$ if nitrogen species were present. In order to remedy the problem caused by the oxygen-enriched combustion, the appropriate amount of recirculation $CO_2$ gas was desirable to enhance the turbulent mixing and thereby flame stability and further optimum determination of operational conditions were necessary. For example, the adjustment of burner with swirl angle of $30\sim45^{\circ}$ increased the combustion efficiency of LNG fuel and simultaneously dropped the $NO_x$ formation.

• Proceedings of the Korean DIstribution Association Conference
• /
• 2001.11b
• /
• pp.125-141
• /
• 2001

In this paper, the current problems of logistics industry in Korea and their possible solutions were discussed. With Korea Telecoms KT-Logis, the supplier and demander of logistics service would not have to invest large sum of money into their computer system. All they need is just a computer with internet connected. What KT-Logis influence on the logistics industry are the following; 1. Many logistics service supplier and demander can do the business on the web with one computer system. 2. This web based computer system does not only work on the office but also apply on the field worker such as delivery personnel or even the forwarder with mobile phone. 3. KT-Logis is an integrated system which cover the broad arrange of logistics management from truck management to customer relations management. 4. Finally, KT-Logis is web based systems which suits for current e-business and mobile environment. In future, more studies should be done to develop more progressive integrated logistics information systems with enterprise resource planning(ERP) and supply chain management(SCM).