• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1978

Drug interaction of a new antibiotic, methampicillin lysinate (MAL) with nine drugs were investigated using four species of gram positive and gram negative bacteria. The experimental results were as follows: 1. MIC of MAL were found to be decreased against E. coil when combined with mefenamic acid, probenecid, aluminium hydroxide gel or corticosteroids. The other drugs did not affect MIC of MAL against the same bacteria. 2. MIC of MAL were found to be increased against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538-P, 9441 when combined with mefenamic acid, aluminum hydroxide gel or dexamethasone acetate. The other drugs did not affect MIC of MAL against the same bacteria. 3. MIC of MAL were found to be increased against Shigella dysenteriae when either of the nine drugs was combined. 4. MIC of MAL were found to be increased approximately 2.5 times when combined with Streptokinase-Streptodornase or hydrocortisone and to be decreased approximately 2 times when combined with probenecid or dexamethasone against Salmonella typhi(type 2). It seems the other drugs do not affect the MIC of MAL against the same bacteria.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.307-314
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• 2008

Sixty compounds such as alkylphenyl fluorobenzoate esters from thymol(I), 5-isopropyl-3-methylphenol (II), 4-isopropyl-3-methylphenol (III), 2-sec-butylphenol (IV) and 4-sec-butylphenol (V) were synthesized. These derivatives were identified by IR, $^1H$-NMR spectrometer and GC/MS. Their in vivo antifungal activities were tested against phytopathogens such as Phytophthora infestans, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum orbiculare and Rhizoctonia solani. As the result, 2-sec-butylphenyl 2,5-difluorobenzoate (IV-6) and 4-sec-butylphenyl 2,5-difluorobenzoate (V-6) showed 90% above antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea. 2-Isopropyl-5-methylphenyl 2,3,6-trifluorobenzoate (I-11), 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl 2,4,5-trifluorobenzoate (I-12), 5-isopropyl-3-methylphenyl 2,3,6-trifluorobenzoate (II-11), 4-isopropyl-3-methylphenyl 2,3,6-trifluorobenzoate (III-11) and 4-isopropyl-3-methylphenyl 2,4,5-trifluorobenzoate (III -12) showed 90% above potent antifungal activity against Colletotrichum orbiculare.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.31
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• pp.5.1-5.4
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• 2016

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.345-350
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• 1986

Crude saponins of soybean and Azuki bean (2.0 mg/plate)were most effective against Trp-p-2, and also all of legume saponins (2.0 mg/plate)were excellent effective against aflatoxin $B_1$. Crude saponins of taro, burdock and ginseng were remarkably effective at ranging from 1.0 mg to 2.0 mg per plate against MeIQ. Especially ginseng saponin was excellent effective and arrow root saponins was remarkably effective against MeIQ, respectively. Plant saponins of taro, lotus burdock, arrow root and ginseng except for dodok were most effective activities against aflatoxin $B_1$.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.157-164
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• 1998

Various hantaviruses were isolated from HFRS patients and various rodent species, in many parts of the world. Bandicotas were captured at Yogyakarta, east region of Sumatura island, Indonesia; and 4 rodents species including Bandicotas were captured at Chiang Rai in Thailand during 1995. Sera were collected from captured bandicotas and other rodent spicies were screened for antibody test against Hantaan (HTN), Seoul (SEO), Puumala (PUU) and Sin Nombre (SN) viruses by immunofluoresence antibody assay (IFA). Hantavirus antigen in lung tissues were tested by IFA. Among 55 captured Bandicota indica in Indonesia, 14 (25.5%) were antibody positive against HTN, SEO, PUU and SN virus. Hantavirus antigen were detected from 5 (9.0%) out of 55 lungs tested. Among 34 captured Bandicota indica in Thailand, 9 (26.5%) were antibody positive against HTN, SEO, PUU and SN virus. Among 34 lungs tissues of Bandicota indica examined, 3 (8.8%) were antigen positive. In other rodent species, antibody positive against Hantaviruses of Rattus rattus, Rattus losea and Mus cervicolor were 4/62 (6.5%), 5/25 (20%), 1/1 (100%), respectively. But no one has antigen in their lung tissues. Antigen positive lungs suspension were inoculated into vero E6 cells for virus isolation and 4 viruses were isolated from Indonesian Badicota and 3 viruses from Thailand.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 1998

The antibacterial activity of clove (Eugenia caryophyllata Thumb) in culture troth against S. aureus was tested at 35, 5, -20, 50, 55 and 60$^{\circ}C$. Tryptic soy broth(TSB) containing 0∼0.5%(w/v) of clove was inoculated with 105∼107 CFU/ml of S. aureus and incubated at each temperature. The growth of S. aureus occured at 0.1% clove after a prolonged lag period while viable cells of S. aureus decreased more than 2 log cycles at 0.3 and 0.4% clove during 12 hours storage at 35$^{\circ}C$. During 32 days of refrigerated storage at 5$^{\circ}C$, survivors of S. aureus were decreased with the progress of time and increasing clove concentration. At the presence of 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4% clove, bacterial cells were dead after 32, 20 and 16 days of refrigerated storage, respectively. During 32 days of frozen storage at -20$^{\circ}C$, survivors of S. aureus were decreased less than 0.5 log cycle at 0% clove. At the presence of 0.1∼0.4% clove, survivors were decreased 2.5∼3.0 log cycles after 1 day and then decreased 0.4∼0.8 log cycles through the frozen storage. There were small changes in populations of S. aureus in TSB between different concentrations of clove during frozen storage. The D-values of S. aureus at clove 0, 0,2, 0.4% were 28.53, 15.14, 8.9 min at 50$^{\circ}C$, 18.43, 10.32, 6.74 min at 55$^{\circ}C$ and 12.78, 9.88, 5.72 min at 60$^{\circ}C$, respectively. The D-values for S. aureus were decreased with the increasing temperature and clove concentration.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.4426-4431
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• 2012

Though polyrhythm is definitely a complex form of rhythm as we all know, some forms of polyrhythm(for example, '2 against 3' or '3 against 4') are considered as simple rhythm compared with others such as '5 against 4' or '7 against 4'. It is because this kind of polyrhythm might be used as often as enough to be able to be understood and to be played. However, the polyrhythm that we are talking about in this study(I'd like to call them as complex polyrhythm) is not able to be played by someone who is not familiar with quintuplets or septuplets. Here I would like to suggest a new way of playing polyrhythm, called the 'Simulation Method'. The main purpose of this method is to easily approach the complex polyrhythm by using its mathematical similarity even though these polyrhythms are originally hard to be played due to its mathematical complexity.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1681-1686
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• 2014

A series of hybrid molecules between (${\alpha}$)-lipoic acid (ALA) and 4-amino-1-benzyl piperidines were synthesized and their in vitro cholinesterase (acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE)) inhibitory activities were evaluated. Even though the parent compounds did not exhibit any inhibitory activity against cholinesterase (ChE) with the exception of compound 14 ($IC_{50}=255.26{\pm}4.41$ against BuChE), all hybrid molecules demonstrated BuChE inhibitory activity. Some hybrid compounds also displayed AChE inhibitory activity. Specifically, compound 17 was shown to be an effective inhibitor against both AChE ($IC_{50}=1.75{\pm}0.30{\mu}M$) and BuChE ($IC_{50}=5.61{\pm}1.25{\mu}M$) comparable to galantamine ($IC_{50}=1.7{\pm}0.9{\mu}M$ against AChE and $IC_{50}=9.4{\pm}2.5{\mu}M$ against BuChE). Inhibition kinetic studies using compound 17 indicated a mixed inhibition type for AChE and a noncompetitive inhibition type for BuChE. Its binding affinity ($K_i$) values to AChE and BuChE were $3.8{\pm}0.005{\mu}M$ and $7.0{\pm}0.04{\mu}M$, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.36-40
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• 2001

A series of new 2-N-benzyl-5-phenoxy-3-isothiazolone derivatives were synthesized and their in vitro antifungal activities against resistant Phytophthora capsici (RPC) & sensitive Phytophthora capsici (SPC) with metalaxyl fungicide have been measured. In addition, influence of substituted 5-phenoxy group on the -antifungal activities ($pI_{50}$) and the reactivity of substrates were investigated. From the results, reactivity of none substituted substrate showed tendency displaying orbital-controlled reaction. The substituents on the 5-phenoxy ring showed selective fungicidal activity between SPC and RPC. Especially, the 4-fluoro substituent, 6 in the RPC and 4-nitro substituent, 3 in SPC exhibited strongly selective antifungal activity among them. The activities on the SPC would depend largely on the optimal molar refractivity ($MR_{(opt.)}=7.37cm^3/mol$) whereas the activities on the RPC would depend largely on the optimal highest occupied molecular orbital energy ($HOMO_{(opt.)}=-9.2137e.v.$) and weak electron donating (${\sigma}<0$) group. And Free-Wilson analyses revealed that the antifungal activity against RPC depends on the methoxy and bromo-substituent and all of the substituents contribute to antifungal activities against SPC.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.957-962
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• 2006

A novel series of 2-(m-Chlorobenzyl)-4-substituted-1, 1, 3-trioxo-2H, 4H-pyrazolo[4, 5-e][1, 2, 4] thiadiazines (7a-k) were synthesized, and evaluated for their anti-HIV replication in MT-4 cell cultures. Compound (7a) showed activity against HIV-1-induced cytopathicity, with an $EC_{50}$ value of $45.6\;{\mu}M$, but none of the compounds exhibited inhibitory activity against HIV-2.