• Applied Microscopy
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2009

The antennae of millipedes have a prominent function in detecting various types of environmental stimuli, and structural modification of the antennae is closely associated with the degree of sense recognition. Although the biological significance of the antennal sensillae to millipedes are widely understood, the structure and function of the antennal sensillae are still not clear and more precise analysis is required. We have analysed the ultrastructural characteristics of the antennal sensillae in a millipede Anaulaciulus koreanus koreanus using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). According to their morphological and substructural features, we could identify three different types of antennal sensillae as follows: trichoid sensilla (TS), chaetiform sensilla (CS) and basiconic sensilla (BS). The TS on the articles are long, blunt-tipped, almost straight hairs with deep longitudinal grooves in their lower parts whereas, the CS are long, sickleshaped bristles with longitudinal grooves acuminating toward the tip. The BS can be subdivided further into three subtypes which are the large-sized basiconic sensilla ($BS_1$), the small-sized basiconic sensillae ($BS_2$) and the spiniform basiconic sensillae ($BS_3$). The BS between the terminal segment and distal margins of the other segments are clearly discriminated in this species.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.473-490
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• 2007

Strata of the Kachi-1 well, Kunsan Basin, offshore western Korea, were analyzed by using integrated stratigraphy approach. As a result, five distinct unconformity-bounded units are recognized in the well: Triassic, Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous, Early Cretaceous, Late Cretaceous, and Middle Miocene units. Each unit represents a tectono-stratigraphic unit that provides time-sliced information on basin-forming tectonics, sedimentation, and basin-modifying tectonics of the Kunsan Basin. In the late Late Jurassic, development of second- or third-order wrench faults along the Tan-Lu fault system probably initiated a series of small-scale strike-slip extensional basins. Continued sinistral movement of these wrench faults until the Late Cretaceous caused a mega-shear in the basin, forming a large-scale pull-apart basin. However, in the Early Tertiary, the Indian Plate began to collide with the Eurasian Plate, forming a mega-suture zone. This orogenic event, namely the Himalayan Orogeny, continued by late Eocene and was probably responsible for initiation of right-lateral motion of the Tan-Lu fault system. The right-lateral strike-slip movement of the Tan-Lu fault caused the tectonic inversion of the Kunsan Basin. Thus, the late Eocene to Oligocene was the main period of severe tectonic modification of the basin. After the Oligocene, the Kunsan Basin has maintained thermal subsidence up to the present with short periods of marine transgressions extending into the land part of the present basin.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 1993

Physico-chemical properties of the acetylated and raw starch were Investigated with the chucheongbyeo and samkangbyeo. The solubility and swelling power was increased by acylation reaction. The light transmittance was higher in the acetylated rice starch. The blue value of chucheongbyeo and samkangbyeo rice starches were lowered to 10.9% and 16.0%, respectively, by the acylation reaction. The alkali number was 7.6 in the chucheongbyeo rice starch and 7.2 in the samkangbyeo rice starch, whereas acylated starch in the same orders was 55 and 52, respectively. The hardness, adhesion, cohesion of starch gel was increased by the acylation reaction. The temperature of initial gelatinization of the acetylated chucheongbyeo and samkangbyeo rice starch was shown to $59^{\circ}C\;and\;62^{\circ}C$, respectively, lowering $5{\sim}6^{\circ}C$ in temperature by the acylation. The viscosity as well as by the acylation reaction was raised 38% and 14%, respectively. The rice starch particles were shown to plygonal structure. But it were deformed in the acylated starch, and was completely destroyed in the starch which is by gelatinized for 30 min. at $70^{\circ}C$.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.84-96
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• 2018

Objective: This is aprospective clinical case study that includes the administration of Ahnjeonbaekho-tang (AJBHT) to patients who have suffered from Graves' disease for the 8 weeks of the clinical research. Methods: Without administration of an antithyroid drug, AJBHT was administered 3 times a day for 8 weeks. In Case 1, AJBHT without modification was administered and in Case 2, in accordance with the patients' symptoms, a dose of Gypsum Fibrosum was increased by 4g from the beginning of week 2, and further increased by 16 g, for a total of 20 g between week 6 and week 8. Body mass index (BMI), thyroid function test (TFT), thyroid autoantibody test, complete blood cell count (CBC), and blood chemistry (BC) tests were conducted at an interval of 4 weeks, for a total of 3 times during the study. The clinical manifestations, a spectrum of symptoms of the patients, was observed by Wayne's Index, Euro-QOL-5 Dimension (EQ-5D), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Results: In both cases, an acceptable significance of reduction of value in T3, fT4, Thyroid stimulating antibody (TSAb) and Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibody (TSH-R-Ab) was observed. After treatment, in TFT, T3 decreased by 31.66%, fT4 decreased by 32.82% in Case 1, and T3 decreased by 43.42%, and fT4 decreased by 37.32% in Case 2. In the thyroid autoantibody test, TSAb decreased by 7.59%, and TSH-R-Ab decreased by 53.19% in Case 1, and TSAb decreased by 33.45%, TSH-R-Ab decreased by at least 7.75% in Case 2. Besides this, there was a decreasing trend of Wayne's index, and a loss of typical symptoms of hyperthyroidism also declared the efficacy. Conclusion: From these results, AJBHT is very effective in the regulation of TFT and improving the symptoms of hyperthyroidism, and is also expected to be an effective alternative to antithyroid drugs for patients who have side effects or drug intolerance.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.712-716
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• 2010

Purpose: Extensive lumbosacral defects after removal of spinal tumors have a high risk of wound healing problems. Therefore it is an effective reconstructive strategy to provide preemptive soft tissue coverage at the time of initial spinal surgery, especially when there is an instrument exposure. For soft tissue reconstruction of a lumbosacral defect, a variation of the gluteal flap is the first-line choice. However, the musculocutaneous flap or muscle flap that is conventionally used, has many disadvantages. It damages gluteus muscle and causes functional disturbance in ambulation, has a short pedicle which limits areas of coverage, and can damage perforators, limiting further surgery that is usually necessary in spinal tumor patients. In this article, we present the superior gluteal artery perforator turn-over flap that reconstructs complex lumbosacral defects successfully, especially one that has instrument exposure, without damaging the ambulatory function of the patient. Methods: A 67 year old man presented with sacral sarcoma. Sacralectomy with L5 corpectomy was performed and resulted in a $15{\times}8\;cm$ sized complex soft tissue defect in the lumbosacral area. There was no defect in the skin. Sacral stabilization with alloplastic fibular bone graft and reconstruction plate was done and the instruments were exposed through the wound. A $18{\times}8\;cm$ sized superior gluteal artery perforator flap was designed based on the superior gluteal artery perforator and deepithelized. It was turned over 180 degrees into the lumbosacral dead space. Soft tissue from both sides of the wound was approximated over the flap and this provided in double padding over the instrument. Results: No complications such as hematoma, flap necrosis, or infection occurred. Until three months after the resection, functional disturbances in walking were not observed. The postoperative magnetic resonance imaging scan shows the flap volume was well maintained over the instrument. Conclusion: This superior gluteal artery perforator turn-over flap, a modification of the conventional superior gluteal artery perforator flap, is a simple method that enabled the successful reconstruction of a lumbosacral defect with instrument exposure without affecting ambulatory function.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.160-167
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• 2001

Purpose : To assess the immunogenicity, safety, and tolerability of hepatitis A vaccine ($VAQTA^{TM}$) in healthy children and adolescents. Methods : Eligible subjects aged 2 to 17 years received 25 U/0.5 mL of $VAQTA^{TM}$ intramuscularly at 0 and 24 week schedule. Bleeds were obtained prior to vaccination and 4 weeks after the second dose to ascertain serostatus. To detect antibody to HAV after vaccination with an inactivated HA vaccine, a modification of the $Abbott^{(R)}$ HAVAB kit was used. Sample with titers ${\geq}10$ mIU/mL were considered seroconverted. Adverse experiences were monitored. Results : 102 subjects(54 male, 48 female) were enrolled. The mean age was $6.8{\pm}3.5$ years. Two subjects were seropositive, two were lost of follow up. 88 subjects were available for a per protocol analysis and 90 for all subjects with serology after the second dose, and ten withdral. All subjects(95% CI, 94.8~100) seroconverted. Geometric mean titers was 7,991.1(95% CI, 6,481.1~9,852.7) with very little difference in per protocol analysis and all subjects analysis. Adverse experiences to $VAQTA^{TM}$ were generally mild and transient. Conclusion : The pediatric two-dose regimen of $VAQTA^{TM}$ was found to be highly immunogenic, generally well tolerated and resulted in 100% seroconversion. Regarding Korea is in transition from a high to low risk region resulting in a paradox increase of clinical disease and disease burden, routine vaccination should be considered in order to control hepatitis A effectively.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.611-620
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• 2016

In the construction of nuclear power plants, only 420 MPa reinforcing bars are allowed and, therefore, so many large-diameter bars are placed, which results in steel congestion. Consequently, re-bar works are difficult and the quality of RC structures may be deteriorated. To solve the steel congestion, 550 MPa bars are necessary. Among many items for verifying structural performance of reinforced concrete with 550 MPa bars, the 43 mm hooked bars are examined in this study. All specimens failed by side-face blowout and the side cover explosively spalled at maximum loads. The bar force was initially transferred to the concrete primarily by bond along a straight portion. At the one third of maximum load, the bond reached a peak capacity and began to decline, while the hook bearing component rose rapidly. At failure, most load was resisted by the hook bearing. For confined specimens with hoops, the average value of test-to-prediction ratios by KCI code is 1.45. The modification factor of confining reinforcement which was not allowed for larger than 35 mm bars can be applied to 43 mm hooked bars. For specimens with 70 MPa concrete, the average value of test-to-prediction ratios by KCI code is 1.0 which is less than the values of the other specimens. The effects of concrete compressive strength should be reduced. An equation to predict anchorage capacity of hooked bars was developed from regression analysis including the effects of compressive strength of concrete, embedment length, side cover thickness, and transverse reinforcement index.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.581-592
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• 2016

Tensile constitutive stress-strain model of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) in fib MC2010 was investigated. In order to model tensile behavior of SFRC, three point loading flexural tests were conducted on notched small beams according to BE-EN-14651. Design parameters for the constitutive model were determined from the flexural tests. Flexural test and finite element analysis were conducted on large SFRC beam without steel reinforcements and compared with each other. In addition, parametric study on the effect of compressive and tensile model, and characteristic length on flexural behavior of the SFRC beam was conducted also. In results, pre-peak load-displacement curves from the FE analysis was close to experimental curves but significant difference was shown in post-peak behavior. The reason of the difference is originated from the fact that the fiber distribution and orientation were not being properly considered in the MC2010 model. This study shows that modification and detail explanations on the orientation factor K in MC2010 might require to better reproduce the behaviour of large scale SFRC beams.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.47-68
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• 2007

The purpose of this research was on the operation activation for specialized high schools in Chungcheongbuk-do, and conducted a survey of chief teachers of Practical Art Subject and heads of each subjects in 32 specialized high schools in district about the system reform of vocational high school, promotion of characterization for each subject, modification of curriculum, reinforcement of direction guide, of which results were analyzed. Also, another survey of small and middle businesses was conducted to investigate the demand for human resources for industrial businesses in Chungcheongbuk-do and specialized abilities required by companies. Through the study, the reform of operation activation for specialized high schools in Chungcheongbuk-do were suggested as follows. First, Specialized high schools should more focus on educating application of a computer and the basic abilities in foreign language at the request of industry. Second, If more than 80% of vocational high school graduates go to junior colleges or universities, specialized high schools should reform their operation like general high schools. Third, Specialized high schools should expand the operation of customized curriculum for neighboring industry to raise employment rate. Fourth, Specialized high schools in Chungcheongbuk-do should reform their courses which can provide students with fundamental knowledge to work in industry related to BT and IT, as Osong medical complex and Ochang IT industrial complex are expanding gradually. Fifth, Employees in companies should be applied as guest teachers, and the principal should have a right to autonomy to operate their own curriculum. Sixth, 5 years rotation system for public schools should be revised to more than 10 years rotation system for special subjects in specialized high schools. Therefore, teachers will have ownership of the school by the revised system.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.908-917
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• 2003

It has been proposed that oxidative modification of LDL (oxLDL) plays a significant role in the pathogenicity of atherogenesis. We tested the hypothesis that chitin and chitosan may function as antioxidants with respect to 0.1 mg cholesterol/ml LDL incubated with 5 $\mu$ M Cu$^2$$^{+}$alone or in the P338Dl mouse macrophage system using L-ascorbic acid as a standard classical antioxidant. The degree of oxLDL formation was ascertained by the relative electrophoretic mobility (rEM) in the combination of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels, and the cytotoxicity of oxLDL was detected by macrophage viability. The oxLDL uptake and foam cell formation of macrophages were measured by Oil Red O staining. Incubation with Cu$^2$$^{+}$and macrophages increased rEM of LDL and stimulated TBARS formation. Culture of macrophages with LDL in the presence 5 $\mu$ M Cu$^2$$^{+}$induced macrophage death. In cell-free system 200 $\mu$g/ml water-soluble chitosan and chitosan-oligosaccharide blocked oxLDL formation. Water-soluble chitosan and chitosan-oligosaccharide blocked oxLDL formation near-completely relative to L-ascorbic acid, whereas water-soluble chitin and chitin-oligosaccharide had no measurable antioxidant effect. In macrophage system water-soluble chitosan and chitosan-oligosaccharide blocked oxidation of LDL with a significant increase in cell viability, and decreased TBARS in medium. As for the inhibitory effect on macrophage foam cell formation, chitosan and its oligosaccharide, but not watersoluble chitin, revealed the effectiveness. The endothelial expression of lectin-like oxLDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) was tested by Western blot analysis, and chitosan, chitosan-oligosaccharide and chitin-oligosaccharide blocked LOX-1 expression. These results indicate that water-soluble chitosan and its oligosaccharide showed the inhibitory effect on Cu$^2$$^{+}$-induced LDL oxidation of macrophages, and chitosan, chitosan-oligosaccharide and chitin-oligosaccharide had blocking effect on oxLDL receptor expression in the human umbilical vein endothelial system. Thus, water-soluble chitosan and its oligosaccharides possess anti-atherogenic potentials possibly through the inhibition of macrophage LDL oxidation or endothelial oxLDL receptor expression depending on chemical types.l types.