• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.2980-3001
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• 1973

Nozzle is a part of sprayer and is consists of several elements; swirl plate, vortexchamber, cap and body. The travelling distance of sprayed particles is important in the wide reach nozzle. The factors to influence the travelling distance of the sprayed particles may be the helical angle of swirl plate, the distance of vortex hamber, the slope and the size of cap hole. The study was conducted to examine the effects of these factors on the travelling distance. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1) There was higher positive correlation(+0.96) between the maximum travelling distance for which amount of sprayed particles was 5cc/cm min. and centro-position of the travelling distance. 2) There was a higher positive correlation(+0.85) between total discharge of sprayed particles and the centro-position of the travelling distance. 3) Main effects and interaction effects of helical angle, pressure, vortex chamber distance and cap slope were significantly affected the travelling distance of sprayed particles. 4) Main effects of helical angle, pressure and cap slope were especially highly significant to influence the travelling disance. 5) Helical angle, pressure, vortex chamber distance and cap slope influenced spraying forward velocity of dise hole, among which cap slope and pressure of nozzle was the most important factors. 6) Effect of change of helical angle on the travelling distance of sprayed particles, was generally a quadratic, the least value of the distance being showed about $45^{\circ}$ and the largest at about $15^{\circ}\;and\;55^{\circ}$, the decreasing rate of the change between $15^{\circ};and\;25^{\circ}$ was very small. 7) Effect of change of pressure on the travelling distance sprayed particles was generally a linear, the increasing rate of the charge was about 1.68, which was the most effective compared to the change of the other factors. 8) Effect of change of vortex chamber distance on the spraying distance was also generally a linear, the increasing rate being about 0.16, which was the least effective. 9) Effect of change of cap slope on the travelling distance was also generally a linear, the increasing rate was about 0.61 and its effect was about medium.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.77-80
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• 2011

A new bi-color mini gerbera (Gerbera hybrida Hort.) 'Sun Cap' was developed from a cross of '99-ga-2' and '99-na-3-1' followed by seedling and line selections at the Flower Research Institute, Gyeongnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services (ARES) in 2007. Characteristic tests were conducted three times from 2004 to 2007. 'Sun Cap' has single type in good harmony with bi-color (Red/Yellow, RHS 45-B/9-A) ray floret and green center. It has good stable flower shape and strong peduncle. Its vase life was 13.5 days. The average yield of 'Sun Cap' was 102.6 flowers per plant a year in greenhouse. Yield trials were carried out from 2004 to 2007. This cultivar was registered for commercialization in 2009. 'Sun Cap' would be cultured under greenhouse condition in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.5-12
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• 2019

A pile group, that consists of several piles connected by a pile cap, is used as the superstructure. The pile supports vertical and horizontal load to design the pile group, but the effect of bearing capacity of the pile cap has not considered. Various researches have been conducted to reflect the effect of bearing capacity of the pile cap in order to reduce the amount of piles in the range of the stability under the vertical load of the superstructure. However, the effect of bearing capacity under the horizontal seismic load has not been studied adequately. Therefore, a shaking table test was carried out with different-sized pile caps that support the superstructure in this study. This test was to verify the influence of the size of the pile cap in the group pile under the horizontal load. The result shows that the size of the pile cap affects to the dynamic behavior of the superstructure and the pile group. Also, the bigger size of the pile group makes the larger constraint effect of ground, and it results that both the ground and the pile moves as a whole.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.402-410
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• 2008

The heavy duty diesel engine must have a large output for maintaining excellent mobility. In this study, a three dimensional finite element model of a heavy-duty diesel engine was developed to conduct the stress analysis. The FE model of the heavy duty diesel engine main parts consisting with four half cylinder was selected. The heavy duty diesel engine parts includes with cylinder block, cylinder head, gasket, liner, bearing cap, bearing and bolts. The loading conditions of engine were pre-fit load, assembly load, and gas load. As the results of structural analysis, because the stress values of cylinder block and bearing cap did not exceed the basic design can be satisfied. But on the part which contacts with cylinder block and bearing cap the stress value exceeds the allowable strength of material. In order to decrease the stress at that part, it was optimized with parametric study.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.740-747
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• 2007

The advanced wastewater treatment plant of leather industry was selected to evaluated with its effluent water quality and statistical characteristics. Most of pollutants removal efficiencies were over 90% as well. And 95% reliability of effluent concentration were 106.8 mg/L of $COD_{mn}$, 72.04 mg/L of TN. However Effluent quality of TN exceeds the regulated limit. The range of coefficient of variation (CV) were between 0.18 and 2.49. Also, coefficient of reliability (COR) were between $0.03(BOD_5){\sim}0.63(COD_{mn})$ and 0.43 in terms of T-N, $Z_{l-a}$(Normalized Percentiles) value were 55.7 and 2.25 in terms of $BOD_5$ and T-N as shown in the following table.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.1278-1284
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• 2017

Objective: To assess the potency of calcium propionate (CAP) used as silage additive, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of CAP on the nitrogen transformation, fermentation quality and aerobic stability of alfalfa silages. Methods: Alfalfa was ensiled with four levels of CAP (5, 10, 15, and 20 g/kg of fresh weight [FW]) in laboratory silos for 30 days. After opening, the silages were analyzed for the chemical and microbiological characteristics, and subjected to an aerobic stability test. Results: The increasing proportion of CAP did not affect pH, lactic acid (LA) concentrations and yeast counts, while linearly decreased counts of enterobacteria (p = 0.029), molds (p<0.001) and clostridia (p<0.001), and concentrations of acetic acid (p<0.001), propionic acid (p<0.001), butyric acid (p<0.001), and ethanol (p = 0.007), and quadratically (p = 0.001) increased lactic acid bacteria counts. With increasing the proportion of CAP, the dry matter (DM) loss (p<0.001), free amino acid N (p<0.001), ammonia N (p = 0.004), and non-protein N (p<0.001) contents were linearly reduced, whereas DM (p = 0.048), water soluble carbohydrate (p<0.001) and peptide N (p<0.001) contents were linearly increased. The highest Flieg's point was found in CAP10 (75.9), represented the best fermentation quality. All silages treated with CAP improved aerobic stability as indicated by increased stable hours compared with control. Conclusion: The addition of CAP can suppress the undesirable microorganisms during ensiling and exposure to air, thereby improving the fermentation quality and aerobic stability as well as retarding the proteolysis of alfalfa silage. It is suggested that CAP used as an additive is recommended at a level of 10 g/kg FW.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.248-255
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• 1996

This study was devised to observe in vitro, the inhibitory effects of acidic polysaccharide fractions from Korean red ginseng (KRG) and white ginseng (KWG) on the lipolytic action of loxohormone-L and on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE, peptidyldipeptidase hydrolase, EC 3.4.15.1) . The crude acidic polysaccharides (CAP) extracted from main and lateral roots of KRG and KWG were separately purified through several procedures. The total inhibitory activities on the lipolytic action of toxohormone-L of CAP from main roots of KRG and KWG was higher than those of CAP from lateral roots of KRG and KWG, respectively, and that of CAP from main root of KRG was 3.1 times higher than that of CAP from main root of KWG. The specific activity of CAP from main root of KRG was measured as 5.40 units/mg, when one unit was defined as the amount giving 50% inhibition on toxohormone-L induced lipolysls. A subfraction named PG4 3 obtained by replanted chromatography on DEAE-TOYOPEARL 650M gave the specific activity of 24.4 units/mg. On the other hand, it was found that the total inhibitory activity on ACE of CAP from lateral root of KRG was the highest among the 4 kinds of CAP, but the specific activity of CAP from lateral root of KWG was the highest.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.71 no.5
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• pp.335-340
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• 2011

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world in all age groups. Viral causes of CAP are less well characterized than bacterial causes. We analyzed the characteristics of hospitalized patients with CAP who had a viral pathogen detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methods: Multiplex real-time PCR was performed for respiratory viruses in samples collected from 520 adults who developed CAP at Chungnam National University Hospital. Clinical, laboratory, and radiological features at presentation as well as other epidemiological data were analyzed. Results: Of 520 patients with CAP, a viral pathogen was detected in 60 (11.5%), and influenza A was the most common. The virus detection rate in patients with CAP was highest in November. Two or more pathogens were detected in 13 (21.7%) patients. Seven patients had severe disease and were administered in the intensive care unit. Most patients (49/60, 81.7%) had comorbidities. However, nine (15%) patients had no comorbidities, and their age was <60 years. The ground glass opacity pattern was the most common radiological feature. Seven (11.7%) patients died from CAP. Conclusion: Viral pathogens are commonly detected in patients with CAP, and a respiratory virus may be associated with the severity and outcome of pneumonia. Careful attention should be paid to the viral etiology in adult patients with CAP.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.211-217
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• 2012

Recent studies have demonstrated that nitric oxide (NO) activates transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) via S-nitrosylation of the channel protein. NO also modulates various cellular functions via activation of the soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC)/protein kinase G (PKG) pathway and the direct modification of proteins. Thus, in the present study, we investigated whether NO could indirectly modulate the activity of TRPV1 via a cGMP/PKG-dependent pathway in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. NO donors, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and S-nitro-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), decreased capsaicin-evoked currents ($I_{cap}$). NO scavengers, hemoglobin and 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (CPTIO), prevented the inhibitory effect of SNP on $I_{cap}$. Membrane-permeable cGMP analogs, 8-bromoguanosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (8bromo-cGMP) and 8-(4chlorophenylthio)-guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-pCPT-cGMP), and the guanylyl cyclase stimulator YC-1 mimicked the effect of SNP on $I_{cap}$. The PKG inhibitor KT5823 prevented the inhibition of $I_{cap}$ by SNP. These results suggest that NO can downregulate the function of TRPV1 through activation of the cGMP/PKG pathway in peripheral sensory neurons.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 2017

Purpose: Various studies to solve the problem of increased energy consumption in the buildings are being carried out recently. Especially, the economic feasibility and insulation performance of the air-cap have been verified so that various studies regarding the reduction of building energy consumption have been carried out. However, previous studies regarding the air-cap were only carried out based on the verification of its insulation performance according to the size and attachment position of the air-cap. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to suggest a detachable air-cap module for improving the performance of the windows, evaluate the performance based on cooling, heating and light environments and verify its effectiveness through a real-scale testbed. Method: In this study, the energy saving performance in the circumstance where there is no attachment of an air-cap (Case 1), the circumstance where there is the attachment of air-cap on the glass surface of window (Case 2) and the circumstance where there is the attachment of an air-cap on the window frame (Case 3) were compared in order to verify the performance of the detachable air-cap module (Case 4), and the electricity consumption of cooling, heating and lighting equipment to maintain the appropriate indoor temperature and Illuminance for each case was calculated and utilized as indicators for the performance evaluation. Result: The result of this study is as follows. 1) In this study, the detachable air-cap module which was easily detachable through the principle of the magnet was suggested. 2) When Case 4 is applied, the electricity consumption of cooling and heating equipment can be reduced by 27.5%, 13.2% and 3.4% in comparison with Case 1, Case 2 and Case 3 respectively. 3) When the air-cap is applied to the window, the lighting energy consumption increases by 4 % in comparison to the non application of the air-cap, and this factor or aspect should be considered when applying the air-cap. 4) According to the performance evaluation result in consideration of cooling, heating and light environments, Case 4 demonstrates an energy saving ratio of 22.6%, 10.6% and 2.7% in comparison to Case 1, Case 2 and Case 3 respectively, indicating that it is effective for improving the performance of windows.