• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.563-577
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• 2020

This study assessed breed differences in fatty acid composition and meat quality of Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) and semitendinosus (SE) of Angus×Chinese Simmental (AS), Wagyu×Chinese Simmental (WS), and Chinese Simmental (CS). CS (n=9), AS (n=9) and WS (n=9) were randomly selected from a herd of 80 bulls which were fed and managed under similar conditions. Fatty acid profile and meat quality parameters were analyzed in duplicate. Significant breed difference was observed in fatty acid and meat quality profiles. AS exhibited significantly (p<0.05) lower C16:0 and higher C18:1n9c compared with CS. AS breed also had a tendency (p<0.10) to lower total saturated fatty acid (SFA), improve C18:3n3 and total unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) compared with CS. Crossbreed of AS and WS had significantly (p<0.05) improved the lightness, redness, and yellowness of muscles, and lowered cooking loss, pressing loss, and shear force compared with CS. These results indicated that fatty acid composition and meat quality generally differed among breeds, although the differences were not always similar in different tissues. Fatty acid composition, meat color, water holding capacity, and tenderness favored AS over CS. Thus, Angus cattle might be used to improve fatty acid and meat quality profiles of CS, and AS might contain better nutritive value, organoleptic properties, and flavor, and could be potentially developed as an ideal commercial crossbreed.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.85-91
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• 1976

A comparison betwen the productivity of Pinus rigida which is native in the Eastern United States, and P. rigitaeda which is F1 hybrid between P. rigida and P. taeda, has been established. For each tree the diameter at breast height (D) and the height of tree (H) were measured in three years. The standard sample trees were down and then weighed each organ. From obtained data the allometric relation between $D_2H$ and dry weight of the trunk (Ws), the branches (Wb) and the leaves (Wl) of P. rigida were approxmated by $$Ws=0.0592 (D^2H)^{0.837}$$ $$Wb=0.0065 (D^2H)^{0.989}$$ $$Wl=0.0447(D^2H)^{0.690}$$ and those of P. rigitaeda were approximated by $$Ws=0.0522 (D^2H)^{0.843}$$ $$Wb=0.0037 (D^2H)^{1.117}$$ $$Wl=0.0207 (D^2H)^{0.856}$$ From the above, the standing crops of above ground of P. rigida were estimated to be as much as 16.93-34.35 ton dry matter per ha, and those of P. rigitaeda were 20.45-45.55 ton per ha. Annual net production was appraised at 8.07-9.35 ton/ha.yr in P. rigida and at 11.59-13.41 ton/ha.yr in P. rigitaeda (1.0:1.4). It is assumed that high productivity of P. rigitaeda stand compared with P. rigida resulted from an increase of the leaf amount with age. Photosynthetic ability under the saturated light of the current and theold leaves of P. rigida were respectively 2.62 and 0.66mg CO2/g. d. wt..hr and those of P. rigitaeda were 1.17 and 0.96mg CO2/g.d. wt.hr. Respiration of the current and the old leaves at $25^{\circ}C$ were 1.00 and 0.90 mg CO2/g. d. wt..hr. in P. rigida and 0.90 and 0.45mg CO2/g.d.wt.hr in P. rigitaeda. It is assumed that photosynthetic longevity of P. rigitaeda leaves was vigorously maintained longer than that of P. rigida.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1972

A comparison between the productivity of the evergreen needle pine(Pinus densiflora) and of the deciduous broad leaved oak(Quercus mongolica) stands, which is located near Choon-Chun city, Kangwon dist. have been established. The pine stand had a stand density of 938 trees per ha and oak stand had of 638 trees per ha. The diameter at breast height (D) and the height of tree (H) of each tree were measured in sample plot of 800$m^2$. Twelve standard sample trees chose from the sample area felled down, and then weighed the stem, branches and leaves separately, according to both the stratified clip technique and the stem analysis. The vertical distribution of photosynthetic system was arranged effectively for high productivity in the productive structure of both trees. The allometric relation between D2H and dry weight of stem (Ws), branches (Wb) and leaves (Wl) of pine were approximated by log Ws=0.6212 log D2H-0.5383 log Wb=0.4681 log D2H-0.7236 log Wl=0.2582 log D2H-5.1567 and those of oak were approximated by log Ws=0.5125 log D2H＋0.0231 log Wb=0.5125 log D2H-0.3755 log Wl=0.8721 log D2H-2.9710 From the above, the standing crops of pine and oak in the sample area were estimated to be as much as 38.83ton and 48.11 ton of dry matter, above ground, per ha, respectively. Annual net production as the sum of the biomass newly formed during one year was appraised at 12.66ton/ha.yr in pine stand and at 8.74 ton/ha.yr in oak. The reason of high productivity of pine stand compared with oak might be resulted from much more about 4 times of the amount of the photosynthetic system, but less non-photosynthetic one of pine than those of oak. To increase the productivity of the forest stands investigated it was necessary to make densly a stand density, to be abundant in the inorganic nutrients and to preserve much water in soil to conserve the litters.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.444-454
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• 2016

This study was designed to examine the characteristics of sawdust and cocopeat bedding materials, including physicochemical properties (Exp. I) and on-farm trial (Exp. II). In Exp. I, the proportion of particle size was in the order of sawdust>cocopeat India>cocopeat Vietnam (p<0.05), and cocopeat contained higher proportion of small particles ($250{\mu}m$+below $250{\mu}m$) than sawdust, causing a dust production problem. Bulk density was cocopeat India>cocopeat Vietnam>sawdust (p<0.05), thus cocopeat treatments showed 4.4 times higher bedding cost than sawdust. The water absorption rates were 702.0% in cocopeat India, 678.3% in cocopeat Vietnam, and 444.0% in sawdust, showing cocopeat had approximately 1.5 times higher water absorption rate than sawdust. Moisture evaporation rates after 12 h of air blowing (2.00 m/s) were higher (p<0.05) in cocopeat Vietnam (80.4%) than sawdust (71.2%) and cocopeat India (72.8%). In vitro ammonia emissions were higher (p<0.05) in sawdust ($2.71mg/m^2/h$) than cocopeat India ($1.59mg/m^2/h$) and Vietnam ($1.22mg/m^2/h$), and total ammonia emissions were higher (p<0.05) in sawdust ($37.02mg/m^2$) than cocopeat India ($22.51mg/m^2$) and Vietnam ($13.60mg/m^2$). In Exp. II, an on-farm trial was conducted with 48 Hanwoo cattle in 16 pens using the same bedding materials as in Exp. I, with fan (blowing 2.00 m/s) and no fan treatments, and feed bunk side (FB) and water supply side (WS) within a pen (4.5 m, $width{\times}9.0m$, length). Beddings were replaced with fresh bedding materials when moisture concentrations were over 65%. No interactions among treatments were detected for moisture concentration and increment rates, and ammonia concentrations, but a significant effect was observed (p<0.01) for each of the treatments. Both concentrations and increment rate of moisture were higher (p<0.01) in the beddings without fan than with fan. Moisture concentrations and increment rate within a pen were also higher (p<0.01) in FB than WS. Thus, the whole no-fan-FB and sawdust-fan-FB were replaced with fresh bedding material between 4 to 5 experimental weeks. The ammonia concentrations and pH of beddings were not significantly different among treatments. Therefore, using cocopeat bedding with a blowing fan can extend twice the bedding utilization period, and WS within a pen showed twice the bedding-life compared to FB. Despite the outstanding characteristics of cocopeat compared with sawdust, using cocopeat as an alternative for sawdust bedding is not recommended for cattle management, considering it has 4.4 times higher bedding cost and a dust production problem.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.307-314
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• 1986

Sewage Sludge 를 시용하지 않은 토양(W), 6년간 시용한 토양($WS_6$), Sludge와 토양의 혼합물을 1주일동안 incubation한 토양($WS_1$), 그리고 Sewage Sludge(SS)로 부터 추출한 수용성 유기물(WSOF)이 구리(II) 이온과 어떻게 착화합물을 형성하는지를 전자스핀공명분광법(ESR)과 전위차적정법을 이용하여 규명하였다. Cu(II)-WSOF 착화합물은 ESR spectra 상에서 $g_{\perp}$ 값보다 큰 $g_{\amalg}$ 값을 가짐으로서 늘어난 팔면체(elongated octahedron) 배위결합을 하고 있음을 나타내었다. $77^{\circ}K$에서 Cu(II)-SS착물은 anisotropic ESR spectrum을 보인 반면 Cu(II)-W착물은 anisotropic spectrum을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 결국 W의 산소공여 리간드가 Cu(II)와 강한 착화합물을 이루는 반면에 SS의 리간드는 Cu(II)와 거의 Chelate를 이루지 않고 있음을 의미한다. 또한 Cu(II)-SS 착화합물의 ESR spectra는 평면상의 네개의 모서리 리간드(예, $COO^-$, $H_2O$, $Cl^-$ 등등)의 각각이 한자리 리간드로서 독립적으로 행동하고 있음을 암시한다. W에서는 방향족 카복실기 같은 산소공여 리간드가 주로 Cu(II)와 결합하고 있는것 같고 SS에서는 Sulfonate, 지방족 카복실기 그리고 질소를 함유하는 리간드가 주요한 결합 site인 것 같다. Cu(II)-SS착화합물과 비교할때 Cu(II)-W로 부터 Cu(II)를 치환하는데 6배정도의 Pyridine 농도가 요구되었다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.207-223
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• 1993

Inpatients are mostly occupied in bed with restricted activity, nearly all patient populations are at risk for the occurrence of skeletal muscle atrophy due to decreased level of activity. Restriction of mobility is far greater in pediatric patients compared with adult patients since almost all the activities of daily living is performed by parents or caregivers. It could be assumed that pediatric patients are more vulnerable to skeletal muscle atrophy than adult patients, however, there have been no attempts to reduce the atrophy of developing muscle. Therefore it is important to determine the effect of exercise in developing muscle during decreased activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of periodic weight support during hindlimb suspension on the mass and cross-sectional area of Type I and II fibers in developing soleus(Type I ) muscle. To examine the effectiveness of periodic weight support activity in maintaining mass and fiber size. the hindlimb of young female Wistar rats was suspended(HS) and half of these rats walked on a treadmill for 45min / day(15min every 4h) at 5m / min at a 15 grade(HS-WS). After 7days of hindlimb suspension, soleus wet weight was 28. 57% smaller and relative soleus weight was 28. 21% smaller in comparison with con-trol rats (p〈0.05) Soleus wet weight and relative soleus weight increased by 67.72% and 71.43% each with periodic weight support activity during hindlimb suspension (p〈0.01, p〈0.005), moreover soleus wet weight and relative soleus weight of the HS -WS rats were greater than those of the control group. No change was observed in fiber type percentage of the developing soleus muscle after 1 week of hindlimb suspension plus weight support activity. Type I and II fiber cross-sectional areas of the developing soleus muscle were 50.45% and 43.39% lower in the HS group than in the control group (p〈0.0001), type I and II fiber cross-sectional areas of the developing soleus were 24.49% and 29.93% greater in the HS - WS group than in the HS rats (p〈0.0001), whereas Type I and II fiber cross-sectional areas of HS - WS group were less than those of the control group, The results suggest that periodic weight support activity can ameliorate developing soleus muscle atrophy induced by hindlimb suspension, even in type II fibers that would not have been expected to be recruited by this type of neuromuscular demand. Clinical experimental study is needed to deter-mine the effect of periodic weight bearing exercise on developing atrophied leg muscle based on these results.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.761-776
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• 2005

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between the form of the clinical crowns in the maxillary anterior segment and the clinical feature of gingiva such as morphological characteristics and the gingival thickness. Fifty periodontally healthy subjects were clinically examined regarding the probing depth, the thickness of the free gingiva, and the width of the keratinized gingiva. From study models of the maxillary anterior region, the width at cervical third(CW) and the length(CL) of the clinical crown, the papillary height, and the gingival angle of the 6 anterior teeth were measured. Each tooth was classified into 4 groups (longnarrow, NL; narrow, N; wide, W; short-wide, WS) according to CW/CL ratio and all the data were compared between groups NL and WS using independent t-test. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed for each tooth region with the gingival thickness at the level of sulcus bottom, the width of keratinized gingiva, and gingival angle as the dependent variables. As the results, the NL group of the upper anterior teeth displayed, higher papilla height, and narrower keratinized gingiva, more acute gingival angle resulting in pronounced "scalloped" contour of the gingival margin, compared to the WS group. There was no significant difference between groups NL and WS with respect to probing depth and the gingival thickness. The regression analyses demonstrated that the gingival thickness in central incisors was significantly associated to the mesio-distal width and bucco-lingual width of the crown, and labial probing depth. The width of keratinized gingiva was significantly associated with labial probing depth in central incisors and with proximal probing depth and gingival angle in lateral incisors, and with labial and proximal probing depth, and gingival angle in canines. The gingival angle was significantly associated with papillary height and CW/CL ratio and additionally with proximal probing depth in central incisors, with the width of keratinized gingiva in lateral incisors, and with labial probing depth and the width of keratinized gingiva in canines. These results indicate that the form of clinical crown in upper anterior region could influence the clinical feature of gingiva and the influencing factors might be different according to the tooth region.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.114-118
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• 2017

While saliva can be considered as good biological fluid for monitoring biomarkers due to many advantages including its communication with blood and the non-invasive nature during its sampling, its applications to that purpose is still limited. As a part of efforts to expand the applications of saliva to the protein biomarker research, we carried out global absolute quantitation of proteins in human whole saliva (WS) by bottom-up proteomics techniques mainly based on nLC-Q-IMS-TOF employing $MS^E$. From the analyses of a pooled WS sample collected from 22 healthy Korean volunteers, 93 proteins ranging from $5.89{\times}10^1ng/mL$ (immunoglobulin heavy chain) to $1.59{\times}10^4ng/mL$ (${\alpha}-amylase$ 1) were confirmed. For the validation of the present results, human serum albumin in the same sample was quantitated by ELISA and its result was compared with that from the nLC-Q-IMS-TOF study. As a result, there was no significant difference between two results from individual approaches ($1.18{\times}10^4{\pm}0.03{\times}10^4 ng/mL$ from nLC-Q-IMS-TOF experiments vs. $1.23{\times}10^4{\pm}0.07{\times}10^4ng/mL$ from ELISA experiments, n=3, p=0.309). To our knowledge, this is the first global absolute quantitation of proteins in human whole saliva and information from the present study can be widely used as the first level reference for the discovery of new protein biomarkers from human whole saliva as well as for quantitative applications of human whole saliva proteins.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.319-323
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• 1991

벼의 도복에 관련하는 형질들의 포장도복과의 관련정도를 밝혀 벼의 이도복성육종의 기초자료를 제공코져 1900년대에서 1980년대에 재배 또는 육성된 10품종을 재배하여 실험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1 포장도복정도와 관련정도가 높은 형질들은 간장, 단위간하중(W/l), 단위 직경휨모멘트(W1/d), 도복지수(L), 하중비(W1/P), 임계도 복하중지수 (Ws$^2$/l$^4$)등 이었다. 2. 간장은 포장도복과 높은 상관(r=0.7607)을 보이나 간장만으로 품종의 도복정도를 판정하기는 미흡하였다 3. 측정의 난역도와 소모되는 시간을 고찰해 볼 때 도복저항성을 판정하는데 유용할 형질들은 간장, W/l, W1/d, Ws$^2$/l$^4$이었다. 4. 간경, 줄기단면적, 간벽의 두께, 줄기단면의 2차 관성 모멘트는 포장도복과 아무런 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 5. 좌절강도(S)는 포장도복과 유의한 부의 상관 (r=-0.3986)을 보였다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.499-505
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to ivestigate the structural characteristics of waste soulble browning reaction prodcuts (WS-BRPs) isolated from Korean red ginseng. They all showed the maximum absorbances at near 280 nm. Their IR spectra suggested the presence of hydroxyl, amide carbonyl and aliphatic methine groups. From sugar analysis it was identified that L and S-1 contained two kinds of suggar, glucose and xylose, and S-2, a fructose together with glucose and xylose. Thirteen different amino acids were identified in L. Ten amino acids from S-1 and seven amino acids from S-2 were identified using Auto Amino Acid Analyzer. Glycine, serine and glutamic acid in S-1 and one unknown amino acid and glycine in S-2 were detected as the major amino acids, respectively. From the 1H-and 13C-NMR spectra, it was identified that a number of sugar moieties, carbonyl and carbon double bonds (only in S-2) were contained in the three WS-BRP components. Approximate number of sugar moiety of L, S-1 and S-2 was determined to be 8∼10, 9∼11 and 4∼5, respectively. Contents of nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen showed L>S-1>S-2.