• 제목/요약/키워드: 4P evaluation

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두유와 우유의 첨가비율에 따른 Bechamel Sauce의 품질 특성 (Quality Characteristics of Bechamel Sauce with Different Ratios of Soy Milk to Milk)

  • 최수근;차준호;박기홍
    • 동아시아식생활학회지
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    • 제23권1호
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    • pp.61-68
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    • 2013
  • This study tested the development of bechamel sauce with different ratios of soy milk to milk(0:4, 1:3, 1:1, 3:1, 4:0) to examine changes in quality characteristics. Proximate composition analysis showed a decrease in salinity with increasing amounts of soy milk, while the moisture content and, density increases. The highest pH values were found for a 1:1 ratio of soy milk to milk (S2) and the lowest pH values were found for a 0:4 ratio of soy milk to milk (CON). The L-value decreased, while a and b values increased with increasing amounts of soy milk. In the stability test, segregation occurred in CON after 5 days, while the highest segregation occurred at a 4:0 ratio of soy milk to milk (S4). The sensory evaluation results showed that the color, thickness, savory flavor, and savory taste increased with increasing amounts of soy milk. In the acceptance test, a 1:3 ratio of soy milk to milk (S1) and a 1:1 ratio of soy milk to milk (S2) had the highest acceptance scores (p<0.001) for appearance, taste, texture, and overall acceptance.

조미 콩 스낵 개발 및 생리활성물질 분석 (Development of Soybean Snacks and Analysis of Bioactive Compounds)

  • 유경미;황자영;이선미
    • 한국식품영양학회지
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.702-707
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze the bioactive compounds of soybean snacks and to carry out a sensory evaluation of those variations which had various seasoning mixing ratio. Five soybean snacks were developed for these experiments. Proximate composition, the contents of total phenol compounds and isoflavone, and sensory characteristics of the soybean snacks were measured. There were significant differences in amounts of isoflavones and total phenolic compounds of soybean snacks($p$ <0.05). The seasoned soybean snacks had a higher level of daidzein and genistein contents than did control group. The total phenol compound contents of the control group was 210.3 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g, whereas those for individual soybean snacks(A~E) were 152.3, 160.2, 162.4, 158.4 and 164.6 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g, respectively. In sensory evaluation, there were significant differences($p$ <0.05) in taste, texture, and overall acceptability of the soybean snacks.

갯겨이삭, 갯꾸러미풀의 조사료 평가와 발아 생리 및 염농도별 초기생육 (Feed Evaluation, Germination and Early Growth of Puccinellia coreensis Honda and P. nipponica Ohwi as affected by Salt Concentration)

  • 김영두;박태일;채재석;장영선;박근용
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제40권3호
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    • pp.269-277
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    • 1995
  • 간척지에서 내염성이 강한 우량초종을 선발하여 조사료로서 이용가능성을 검토하고자 1993. 5~1994. 6월까지 발아생리, 염농도별 초기생육, 영양가 및 기호성 등을 조사한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 사료화가 가능한 두 초종은 갯겨이삭(Puccinellia coreensis Honda)과 갯꾸러미풀(P. nipponica Ohwi)이었다. 2. 두 초종은 호광성이고 저온발아성 종자였으며, 발아적온은 1$0^{\circ}C$이었고, 발아소요 기간은 30일정도였다. 3. 휴면성이 인정되었으며, 건조보다는 습윤상태에서, 저온보다는 고온상태로 1~3일 저장하면 발아율을 갯겨이삭은 18.0%, 갯꾸러미풀은 39.0% 증가시킬 수 있었다. 4. 염농도별 초기생육을 보면 갯겨이삭은 염농도 1.00%, 갯꾸러미풀은 염농도 0.50%에서도 생육이 양호하였다. 5. 색물체에 영양가를 보면 조단백질함량은 갯겨이삭이 8.4%, 갯꾸러미풀이 7.1%로 재배작물인 이탈리안라이그라스의 10.3%보다 다소 작았으나 가용성 무질소물은 갯겨이삭, 이탈리안라이그라스 및 갯꾸러미풀 순이었다. 또한 가소화양분 함량은 53.6~56.6%로 이탈리안라이그라스의 57.8%와 큰 차이가 없었다. 6. 갯겨이삭 및 갯꾸러미풀은 재배작물과 마찬가지로 소에 대한 기호성이 양호하였다.

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학습유형별 교수학습방법에 따른 치위생과 재학생의 인지적·정의적 성과 (Cognitive and Affective Domains Outcome of Students in the Department of Dental Hygiene according to Teaching and Learning Methods by Learning Style)

  • 김명은
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.363-372
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    • 2021
  • 학습유형별 교수학습방법이 학습자들의 인지적·정의적 성과에 미치는 효과를 확인하고자 치위생과 재학생을 대상으로 22명은 학습유형별 교수학습방법을 적용하였고, 24명은 대조군으로 교수학습을 수행하지 않았다. 프로그램 시행 전 사전조사를 하였고, 프로그램 진행 2,3,4주차에 각각 형성평가를 실시하였으며 5주차에 총괄평가, 교과흥미, 학습동기를 조사하였다. 연구결과 실험군은 교수학습 적용 전에 비해 적용 후 형성평가, 교과흥미, 학습동기가 향상되었고(p<0.05), 대조군에 비해 실험군의 교과흥미, 학습동기가 향상되었다(p<0.05). 유형별로 융합자에서 처치 전에 비해 처치 후 형성평가가 향상되었고(p<0.05), 분산자와 융합자에서 실험군이 대조군에 비해 교과흥미와 학습동기가 향상되었다(p<0.05). 측정 항목 간의 상관관계에서 교과흥미는 총괄평가, 형성평가, 동기유발과 모두 상관관계를 나타냈다(p<0.01, p<0.05). 이에 따라 학습자의 학습유형을 고려한 교수학습방법의 개발과 적용이 필요하다.

Evaluation of the National Train-the-Trainer Program for Hospice and Palliative Care in Korea

  • Kang, Jina;Yang, Eunbae B.;Chang, Yoon Jung;Choi, Jin Young;Jho, Hyun Jung;Koh, Su Jin;Kim, Won Chul;Choi, Eun-Sook;Kim, Yeol;Park, Sung-Min
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.501-506
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    • 2015
  • Background: To evaluate the effectiveness of the National Train-the-Trainers Program for Hospice and Palliative Care Experts (TTHPC) sponsored by the National Cancer Center of Korea between 2009 and 2012. This program was developed to improve the teaching skills of those in the field of hospice and palliative care (HPC). Materials and Methods: Training was offered in eight 1-day sessions between 2009 and 2012. The effect of the program was measured using Kirkpatrick's model of educational outcomes. First, levels 1 and 2 were evaluated immediately after the 1-day program (n=120). In 2012, the level-3 evaluation test was administered to trainers who offered at least one HPC training (n=78) as well as to their trainees (n=537). Results: The level-1 evaluation addressed participant reactions to and satisfaction with the program. Participants (n=120) were generally satisfied with the content, the method, and the overall course (mean range: 3.94-4.46 on a five-point Likert scale). The level-2 evaluation (learning) showed that participants gained knowledge and confidence related to teaching HPC (4.24 vs. 4.00). The level-3 evaluation (behavioral), which assessed trainers' application of teaching skills to HPC, showed that trainees rated the teaching methods of trainers (mean range: 4.03-4.08) more positively than did trainers (p<0.05). Female trainers were more likely than were male trainers to plan sessions in consideration of their trainees' characteristics (4.11 vs. 3.58; p<0.05), and nurse trainers were more likely than physician trainers to use a variety of instructional methods (4.05 vs. 3.36; p<0.05) Conclusions: We conducted systematic evaluations based on Kirkpatrick's model to assess the effectiveness of our train-the-trainers program. Our educational program was practical, effective, and followed by our HPC experts, who needed guidance to learn and improve their clinical teaching skills.

비트 가루를 첨가한 발아현미 쿠키의 제조조건 최적화 (Optimizing Production Conditions of Germinated Brown Rice Cookie Prepared with Beet Powder)

  • 주나미;김수정
    • 대한영양사협회학술지
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.332-340
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    • 2010
  • This study was conducted to develop an optimal composite recipe for nutritional cookies containing beet powder. Flour was substituted with whole wheat flour containing germinated brown rice powder. The sensory optimal composite recipe was determined by making cookies containing two levels of beet powder (A) or butter (B) according to Central Composite Design (CCD) and by conducting the sensory evaluation and instrumental analysis according to Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Using CCD, the results of physical measurement for ten conditions with two variables were obtained. The values of lightness (L), redness (a), and yellowness (b) were in the range of 36.65~49.03, 22.15~29.31, and 13.96~19.34, respectively. Lightness decreased significantly (P<0.001) and redness increased significantly (P<0.01) upon an increase in beet powder. The results of sensory evaluation showed very significant values in color (P<0.05), texture (P<0.05), flavor (P<0.01), taste (P<0.05), and overall quality (P<0.05), whereas those of the instrumental analysis showed significant values in lightness (P<0.001), redness (P<0.01), spread ratio (P<0.01), and hardness (P<0.05). As a result, the optimal sensory ratio of beet cookie was calculated for beet powder 7.75 g and butter 77.88 g.

식품원료로 사용금지 대상인 기름치 (기름갈치꼬치 및 흑갈치꼬치) 판별법 개발 (Development of Detection Method for Oilfish (Ruvettus pretiosus and Lepidocybirium flavobrunneum) as a Food Materials not Usable in Foods)

  • 박용춘;김미라;정용현;신준호;김규헌;이재황;조태용;이화정;이상재;한상배
    • 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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    • 제28권1호
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    • pp.50-55
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    • 2013
  • 기름치를 참치회 또는 메로구이로 판매하는 사례가 있으며 국내에서는 2012년 6월1일부터 식품원료로 판매가 금지되어 이를 판별하는 시험법 마련이 필요하다. 기름치는 농어목(Perciformes) 갈치꼬치과(Gempylidae)에 속하는 기름갈치꼬치(R. pretiosus)와 흑갈치꼬치(L. flavobrunneum)가 있으며 이를 판별하기 위한 종 특이 프라이머를 개발하기 위하여 미토콘드리아에 존재하는 16S DNA 유전자부위를 선정하였다. 그리고 미국 국립보건원에서 운영하는 유전자 은행(www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)에 등록되어있는 기름갈치꼬치, 흑갈치꼬치. 참다랑어, 황다랑, 청새치 및 황새치의 염기서열을 대상으로 BioEdit ver. 7.0.9.0 프로그램을 사용하여 비교 및 분석을 실시하였다. 분석을 통하여 기름갈치꼬치 및 흑갈치꼬치를 판별할 수 있는 각각 4종의 프라이머를 설계하였다. 설계된 프라이머에 대하여 대조군으로 다랑어 3종(참다랑어, 황다랑어, 눈다랑어) 및 새치류 4종(청새치, 황새치, 녹새치, 돛새치)에 대한 실험적 평가를 실시하였다. 그 결과 기름갈치꼬치에 대하여는 R.P-16S-006-F/R.P-16S-008-R, 흑갈치꼬치는 L.F-16S-004-F/L.F-16S-006-R 프라이머를 최종 선정하였으며, PCR 조건을 확립하였다. 확립된 조건에서는 각각 178bp 및 238bp의 PCR 산물을 확인하였으며, 유사종간의 비특이적 밴드는 형성되지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구에서 개발된 기름치를 판별할 수 있는 종 특이 프라이머는 인터넷쇼핑몰 또는 시중에 불법적으로 유통 가능성이 있는 제품을 신속하고 과학적으로 판별할 수 있어 식품안전관리에 활용도가 매우 클 것으로 기대된다.

쌀가루 첨가량에 따른 자색고구마 머핀의 품질특성 (Quality Characteristics of Purple Sweet Potato Muffins Containing Rice Flour)

  • 박금순;김경은;박신연
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
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    • 제19권6호
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    • pp.833-840
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    • 2012
  • 다양한 생리기능을 지닌 자색고구마를 이용한 머핀에 쌀가루 첨가량을 달리하여 고품질의 자색고구마 쌀머핀을 제조한 후 품질특성 및 관능적 기호도를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 머핀의 무게와 높이는 쌀가루를 첨가 할수록 높이가 높아지는 경향을 보였으며 수분함량은 낮게 나타났다. 쌀가루의 첨가량이 많아질수록 pH는 높아졌으며 반면 산도는 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 쌀가루 첨가 자색고구마 머핀에서 색도는 쌀가루 첨가량이 증가할수록 명도(L)와 황색도(b)는 감소하였고 적색도(a)는 증가하였다. 경도는 P0(대조군)에서 가장 낮게 나타났으며 쌀가루 첨가량이 증가할수록 높게 나타났고 탄력성은 P4(100% 첨가군)가 가장 높았다. 응집성, 씹힘성과 부서짐성은 쌀가루 첨가량이 증가할수록 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 쌀가루 첨가 자색고구마 머핀의 항산화활성은 55.07~58.34로 나타났으며 P0(대조군)에 비해 P3(75% 첨가군)와 P4(100% 첨가군)가 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.001). 쌀가루 첨가 자색고구마 머핀 관능검사 결과 외부색에서는 P2(50% 첨가군)에서 내부색은 P0(대조군)와 P1(25% 첨가군)이 높았으며 향미에서는 시료 간 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 질감 중 촉촉한 정도는 P0(대조군)이 가장 높게 나타났으며 P2(50% 첨가군), P4(100% 첨가군)에서 다소 낮게 나타났다. 씹힘성에서는 P0(대조군), P1(25% 첨가군) 보다 P2(50% 첨가군), P3(75% 첨가군), P4(100% 첨가군)가 더 높게 나타났다. 전반적인 기호도에서는 쌀가루 첨가량이 증가할수록 P3(75% 첨가군), P2(50% 첨가군), P4(100% 첨가군), P1(25% 첨가군)순으로 기호도가 높게 평가되었으며 대조군에 비해 P2(50% 첨가군)와 P3(75% 첨가군)이 유의적으로 높은 값을 보여(p<.05) 쌀가루 첨가 자색고구마 머핀 제조시 쌀가루 첨가량을 밀가루 대비 쌀가루 첨가 50~75%를 적정한 비율로 판단되었다.

성별에 따른 말초 opioid의 통증조절 (Sex Differences in the Pain Control by the Peripheral Opioid)

  • 배성제;김완수;강수경;어규식;홍정표;전양현
    • Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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    • 제38권4호
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    • pp.339-356
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    • 2013
  • 이 연구에서는 말초 opioid 수용체를 이용한 저작근 통증 조절 시 성별 효과의 차이를 확인하고자 RDC/TMD로 진단된 지원자 남성 20명, 여성 20명을 saline 주사군, lidocaine 주사군, morphine 1.5 mg 주사군, morphine 3 mg 주사군 각각 5명씩 배정하였다. 통증부위에 주사 전, 주사 후 1시간, 24시간, 48시간에 각각 주관적인 통증 평가인 시각유추척도평가, 맥길통증설문지 평가, 통증부위표시평가 그리고 객관적인 통증 평가인 압력통증역치평가와 압력통증한계평가를 실시하였다. 검사 후 평가된 자료를 통계 처리하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 시각유추척도평가에서는 남녀 모두가 morphine 3 mg군에서 통계학적으로 유의성 있는 효과가 있었다. (male: p<0.05, female: p<0.05) 2. 맥길통증설문지 평가에서는 남녀 모두가 morphine 1.5 mg군 보다 morphine 3 mg군에서 더 통계학적으로 유의성 있는 효과가 있었다. (male: p<0.001, female: p<0.01) 3. 통증부위표시평가와 압력통증역치평가에서는 남성이 morphine 3 mg군에서 통계학적으로 유의성 있는 효과가 있었다. (PD: p<0.001, PPT: p<0.05) 이상의 연구 결과로 저작근 통증을 조절하기 위해서 morphine 3 mg을 통증부위에 주사한 경우 객관적인 통증 평가에서 여성 환자보다 남성 환자에게 더 효과가 있다는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 앞으로 시간에 따른 그리고 용량에 따른 남녀 치료효과의 차이에 관한 연구가 더 필요 할 것으로 생각된다.

치근활택술과 치은박리소파술 후 치아동요도 변화에 관한 연구 (Clinical Evaluation of Tooth Mobility Following Root Planing and Flap Operation)

  • 방은경;채중규;김종관;조규성
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • 제29권4호
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    • pp.893-914
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    • 1999
  • Tooth mobility may be the decisive factor that determines whether dental treatment of any kind is undertaken. Although tooth mobility in isolation says little in itself, the finding of increased tooth mobility is of both diagnostic and prognostic importance. Only the detection of an increase or decrease in mobility makes an evaluation possible. Thus prior to treatment, we must understand the pathologic process causing the observed the tooth mobility and decide whether the pattern and degree of observed tooth mobility is reversible or irreversible. And then it must be decided whether retention and treatment or extraction and replacement. The purpose of this study was to compare tooth mobility at different time period during root planing and flap operation and to relate changes in mobility to each treatment method. Twenty-one patients (287 teeth) with chronic adult periodontitis were treated with root planing(control group) and flap operation(experimental group), and each group was divided 3 subgroups based upon initial probing pocket depth (1-3mm, 4-6mm, 7mm and more). Tooth mobility was measured with $Periotest^{(R)}$ at the day of operation, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks after each treatment. Tooth mobility, attachment loss, radiographic bone loss, and bleeding on probing were measured at the day of operation, 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks after treatment. 1. In group initial probing depth was 1-3mm, tooth mobility had no significant difference after root planing and flap operation. 2 . In group initial probing depth was 4-6mm, 7mm and more, tooth mobility had decreased in 12 weeks after root planing(p<0.01). And the mobility had increased after flap operation(p<0.01) and was at peak in 1 week, and decreased at initial level in 4 weeks, below the initial level in 12 weeks(p<0.01). 3. In 1 week, significant difference in tooth mobility between control and experimental group was found(p<0.01) but, in 12 weeks no difference between two groups was found. 4. Change of immediate tooth mobility after treatment was more larger in deep pocket than in shallow one. In group with the same probing pocket depth, the change of tooth mobility in molar group was greater than that of premolar group. 5. Tooth mobility before treatment was more strongly correlated with radiographic bone loss (r=0.5325) than probing depth, attachment loss and bleeding on probing, in 12 weeks after treatment, was more strongly correlated with attachment loss($r^2$=0.4761) than probing depth and bleeding on probing. Evaluation of the treatment effect and the prognosis after root planing and flap operation were meaningful on tooth initial probing depth 4mm and more. After flap operation, evaluation of the prognosis should be performed at least in 4 weeks and in 12 weeks after treatment, no difference in tooth mobility between two groups was observed. Radiographic bone loss and attachment loss were good clinical indicators to evaluate tooth mobility.

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