• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.344-350
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• 2002

This work summarizes the current state of the art in software radio for 4G systems. Specifically, this work demonstrates that classic radio structures, e.g., heterodyne reception, homodyne reception, and their improved implementations, are inadequate selections for multi-mode reception. This opens the door to software defined radio, a novel reception architecture which promises ease in multi-band, multi-protocol design. The work presents the many advantages of such an architecture, including flexibility, reduced cost via component reduction, and improved reliability via, e.g., the elimination of environmental instability. The work also explains the limitations that currently curtail the widespread use of SDR, including issues surrounding A/D converters, management of software and power, and clock generation. This provides direction for future research to enable the broad applicability of SDR in 4G cellular and beyond.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.15-23
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• 2016

In this paper we presented 4G security models in an open environment. 4G networks have still more security holes and open issues for expert to notice. In here. we show that a number of new security threats to cause unexpected service interruption and disclosure of information will be possible in 4G due mainly to the fact that 4G is an IP-based, heterogeneous network. it tells about the security issues and vulnerabilities present in the above 4G standards.. we try to present several architectures behind 4G infrastructure for example WiMAX and 3GPP LTE architecture. Finally, we point to potential areas for future vulnerabilities and evaluate areas in 4G security which warrant attention. When you make a big dada program, If you use this network architecture then you can improve your learning speed.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.81-89
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• 2014

This research introduces necessity to derive new certification criteria for the hospital considering healing environmental factors in G-SEED. The method of research is reference study to discuss concept of healing environment factors and case study to find ways for problem and improvement by comparison of G-SEED with foreign certification system. And the research conclusion is such as follows. First, it is necessary to develop certification criteria of the hospital for G-SEED which is lack of healing environmental assessment factors unlike foreign certification system. Second, The hospitals are certified by criteria of The Other Buildings in G-SEED which dose not take into account the characteristics of the hospital. Especially hospital waste and use of enormous water are the important factors required, which is already evaluated in foreign certification criteria.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.11-18
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• 2014

Although assessing outdoor environment and green space in terms of sustainability and environmental performance is perceived as an important issue, most existing green building certification systems are more focused on buildings and indoor environment. Recently, the Sustainable Site Initiatives (SITES) has been developed by American Society of Landscape Architecture in order to evaluate sustainability of site development and outdoor environment. Separate from LEED, the SITES are increasingly receiving attentions as a reliable certification system in the United States. As a preliminary study to develop the items of outdoor environmental assessment, the present study is purposed to analyze the assessment items, grading system and applicability of SITES for better understanding on the system. Also it was compared to existing green building certification criteria, including G-SEED, LEED-NC, and LEED-ND in order to investigate similarities and discrepancies. The results would provide insights and basic data to improve assessment items for outdoor environment of G-SEED.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.77-84
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to certify the eco-friendly elements of traditional Hanok based on the G-SEED 2016 Criteria. For this study, estimating the eco-friendly elements of the two traditional Hanok - Myeong Jae's old house and General Lee Sam's old house - based on the G-SEED 2016 Criteria. The results were as follows: Each of the two traditional Hanok can get the sufficient points for grading at G-SEED 2016, but the two required criteria are not be able to get the points; energy performance such as heat storage of traditional mud wall and water saving equipments. On the other hand using eco-friendly materials in traditional Hanok are satisfied with the Material category. Also using rainwater and underwater through garden and pond in traditional Hanok are satisfied with the Ecological environment category. But lots of the other eco-friendly elements of traditional Hanok can not be estimated by G-SEED 2016 Criteria. Modern Hanok will be able to obtain G-SEED 2016 certification when using the valid eco-friendly elements of traditional Hanok and applies new technologies such as water saving equipments.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.2816-2830
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• 2022

Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) is a method to design efficient multiplier for large integer multiplication, which is widely used in cryptography and scientific computation. On top of that, it has also received wide attention from the research community to design efficient hardware architecture for large size RSA, fully homomorphic encryption, and lattice-based cryptography. Existing NTT hardware architecture reported in the literature are mainly designed based on radix-2 NTT, due to its small area consumption. However, NTT with larger radix (e.g., radix-4) may achieve faster speed performance in the expense of larger hardware resources. In this paper, we present the performance evaluation on NTT architecture in terms of hardware resource consumption and the latency, based on the proposed radix-2 and radix-4 technique. Our experimental results show that the 16-point radix-4 architecture is 2× faster than radix-2 architecture in expense of approximately 4× additional hardware. The proposed architecture can be extended to support the large integer multiplication in cryptography applications (e.g., RSA). The experimental results show that the proposed 3072-bit multiplier outperformed the best 3k-multiplier from Chen et al. [16] by 3.06%, but it also costs about 40% more LUTs and 77.8% more DSPs resources.

• Journal of Information Technology and Architecture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.261-270
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• 2014

The utilization of the Mobile Government system is having more than a few challenges including complexity of different mobile technologies, determining interoperability among existing systems and infrastructures, and establishing services with secured networks. To get over those challenges, integrated standard, innovative and comprehensive system architecture is required by the M-Government. Hence this study proposed reference EA framework for M-Government system in order to avoid unnecessary duplication of infrastructure deployment and integrate services among different government instructions. The study based on literature review, and current infrastructure and mobile network situation for delivering Government services of Mongolia. The study recommends innovative m-Government system framework used EA, and scope covered mobile service delivery area centered on G4C and C2G perspectives. The Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework has used in this research, and the proposed system service architecture defines the interoperable standards, infrastructure components, applications, and technologies for government institutions in Mongolia to aid interactions necessity among them to provide m-Service.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.529-531
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• 2022

The 5th generation mobile communication (5G) is being commercialized by major domestic and foreign mobile telecommunication businesses and is spreading to general customers mainly on smart devices such as smartphones, wearables, and IoT. If 4G networks and 5G access equipment were utilized by introducing NSA(None-Stand Alone) technology when 5G was first introduced, recently, 5G convergence services are being realized by gradually expanding evolution to 5G standalone networks through SA (Stand Alone) technology. The purpose of this study is to study a design plan for implementing necessary service-oriented functions from the perspective of communication network users on the configuration of 5G SA equipment based on SBA(Service-based Architecture) mentioned in the 3GPP technical specification document. Through this research, it is expected that companies that need to enter the 5G market can easily access the 5G SA network to develop and supplement specialized 5G convergence services to improve product performance and quality.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.96-103
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• 2019

In this paper, we propose two-stage multichannel architecture for oyster product management system, called cloud stage and agent stage. There are two communication channels at each stage. In cloud stage, the embedded system in the smart scale communicates with the server through two channels, Ethernet or 3G/LTE mobile communication. In agent stage, PCs and smart phones called agents communicate with the server also through Internet and 3G/LTE mobile communication. Compared with previous system in which the amount of the oyster produced in oyster workplaces could be monitored only at the console of only one oyster main server, developed system makes it possible to monitor the amount of produced oyster at several PCs (or smart phones). In addition to the amount of oysters produced at all oyster workplaces the environment of oyster workplaces such as temperature and humidity can be monitored on agents to judge the freshness. Two-stage architecture with multiple channels makes it possible to monitor the amount of oyster product and environment of the oyster workplace at any place in real time.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.222-230
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• 2005

This article presents a field evaluation of an IP-based architecture for heterogeneous environments that has been developed under the aegis of the Moby Dick project, covering UMTS-like (universal mobile telecommunications system) TD-CDMA (time division-code division multiple access) wireless access technology, wireless and wired LANs. The architecture treats all transmission capabilities as basic physical and data-link layers, and replaces all higher-level tasks by IP-based strategies. The Moby Dick architecture incorporates mobile IPv6, fast handovers, AAA-control (authentication, authorisation, accounting), charging and quality of service (QoS) in an integrated framework. The architecture further allows for optimised control on the radio link layer resources. It has been implemented and tested by expert users, and evaluated by real users on field trials with multiple services available.