• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.17-27
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• 1985

In this paper, an approximate calculation method on the transverse strength of oil tankers by use of slop-deflection method os described which considers the effect of shear deflection and varing section in elements and the result of calculation in models and actual ships, is presented. The object of this paper is focused on the development of program which can be used widely regardless strut numbers in transverse frame rings. To examine the reliability of the above method, the results in this paper are compared with the results which are obtained by use of SAP4(Structure Analysis Program) based on finite element method. The application of the Slope-Deflection Method on the transverse strength of oil tankers has the advantage that this method takes less than the other methods in calculation.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.713-720
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• 2012

Unlike FEM (Finite Element Method), which provides an accurate deformation of soft objects, FFD (Free Form Deformation) based methods have been widely used for a quick and responsive representation of deformable objects in real-time applications such as computer games, animations, or simulations. The FFD-AABB (Free Form Deformation Axis Aligned Bounding Box) algorithm was also suggested to address the collision handling problems between deformable objects at an interactive rate. This paper proposes an enhanced FFD-AABB algorithm to improve the frame rate of simulation by adding the bounding sphere based collision test between 3D deformable objects. We provide a comparative analysis with previous methods and the result of proposed method shows about an 85% performance improvement.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.223-229
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• 2007

This study was conducted to develop a 2 row type band furrow tiller for a walking cultivator. The tillage and weeding operations in the furrow of dry fields has been done manually or chemical herbicide has been applied. The application of herbicide induces soil pollution and manual operation requires heavy labor. This 2-row type implement was developed to substitute this manual operation and to minimize soil pollution. The developed implement was composed of power transmitting device, tilling device, frame and tail wheel. The max. plowing width and depth were 300mm and 180mm, respectively. The revolutions of the hexagonal shaft and the tillage shaft were $227{\sim}376rpm$ and $355{\sim}590rpm$, respectively. The adequate working speed was $0.50{\sim}0.83m/s$ and the field capacity was $0.17{\sim}0.28hr/10a$.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.313-336
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• 2000

The focus of this paper is on the development and implementation of a methodology for automated design of discrete structural systems. The research is aimed at utilizing Genetic Algorithms (GA) as an automated design tool. Several key enhancements are made to the simple GA in order to increase the efficiency, reliability and accuracy of the methodology for code-based design of structures. The AISC-ASD design code is used to illustrate the design methodology. Small as well as large-scale problems are solved. Simultaneous sizing, shape and topology optimal designs of structural framed systems subjected to static and dynamic loads are considered. Comparisons with results from prior publications and solution to new problems show that the enhancements made to the GA do indeed make the design system more efficient and robust.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.197-201
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• 2004

Stereotactic brain biopsy using stereotactic head frame such as CRW (Radionics, USA) has demonstrated a precise lesion localizing accuracy. In this study, we developed the target point calculation program for brain lesion biopsy using CRW stereotactic head frame and designed a phantom for verify the new developed program. The phantom was designed to have capability to simulate clinical stereotactic brain biopsy. The phantom has 10 vertical rods whose diameters are 6mm and tip of each rods are 2mm. Each rod has different length, 150 mm x 4 ea, 130 mm x 4 ea, 110 mm x 2 ea. CT images were acquired with Simens CT scanner as continuous transverse slice, 1 mm thickness in a 25 cm field of view and stored in a dicom file as a 256 x 256 matrix. As a result, the developed new target localization program will be useful for planning and training in complicated 3 dimensional stereotactic brain biopsy.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.441-449
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• 2022

This review is focused on analyzing the limits and shortage of zinc (Zn) for the 2020 Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs), and provides suggestions for the future establishment of the 2025 KDRIs for Zn. The 2020 KDRIs for Zn have been established to estimate the adequate requirement (EAR), recommended nutrient intakes (RNI), adequate intake (for only 0-5 mon) and tolerable upper intake level (UL). EAR was estimated in 2-stages: the first stage was to construct of the frame of analysis for Zn requirement and the second stage involved a factorial approach by considering the various factors which affect Zn requirement, such as intestinal and urine Zn loss, Zn requirement for growth and development, and Zn absorption rate. For a more precise and accurate establishment of the Zn requirement, we suggest for the following to be considered: 1) considering that Zn is present in minuscule amounts as a trace element in our body, the present values for Zn EAR (as 6-9 mg/d) should be expressed as a decimal point for more accurate DRIs; 2) the frame of analysis for Zn requirement has to be more specifically and should includes the factors which affect Zn requirement; 3) both, the factorial approach and extrapolation method need to be well reviewed and thoroughly understood for establishing precise Zn requirement; 4) currently, human clinical study and balance study (Zn intake, excretion and absorption rate) are limited and more human Zn subject studies are required. All these suggestions are provided to better establish the Zn requirement in the 2025 KDRIs.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.42 no.4 s.304
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• pp.87-94
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• 2005

3D image mosaicking is useful for 3D visualization of the roadside scene of urban area by projecting 2D images to the 3D planes. When a sequence of images are filmed from a side-looking video camera passing long distance areas, the ghost effect in which same objects appear repeatively occurs. To suppress such ghost effect, the long distance range areas are detected by using the distance between the image frame and the 3D coordinate of tracked optical flows. The ghost effects are suppressed by projecting the part of image frames onto 3D multiple planes utilizing vectors passing the focal point of frames and a virtual focal point. The virtual focal point is calculated by utilizing the first and last frames of the long distance range areas. We demonstrate algorithm that creates efficient 3D Panoramic mosaics without the ghost effect at the long distance area.

• BMB Reports
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.502-510
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• 2006

2C-methyl-D-erythritol 2, 4-cyclodiphosphate synthase (MECPS, EC: 4.6.1.12) is the fifth enzyme of the non-mevalonate terpenoid pathway for isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthesis and is involved in the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway for ginkgolide biosynthesis. The full-length mecps cDNA sequence (designated as Gbmecps) was cloned and characterized for the first time from gymnosperm plant species, Ginkgo biloba, using RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) technique. The full-length cDNA of Gbmecps was 874 bp containing a 720 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a peptide of 239 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 26.03 kDa and an isoelectric point of 8.83. Comparative and bioinformatic analyses revealed that GbMECPS showed extensive homology with MECPSs from other species and contained conserved residues owned by the MECPS protein family. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that GbMECPS was more ancient than other plant MECPSs. Tissue expression pattern analysis indicated that GbMECPS expressed the highest in roots, followed by in leaves, and the lowest in seeds. The color complementation assay indicated that GbMECPS could accelerate the accumulation of $\beta$-carotene. The cloning, characterization and functional analysis of GbMECPS will be helpful to understand more about the role of MECPS involved in the ginkgolides biosynthesis at the molecular level.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.120-128
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• 2012

Recently sawdust cultivation of Shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) is increasing. It is important to make mycelia to be brown on the substrate surface. This browned surface in sawdust cultivation plays an important role like as artificial bark of the oak log, which protects the other pests and suppresses water evaporation in the substrate. In order to isolate genes which related to brown color formation, differential display method was used. Two cDNA fragments obtained by DD-PCR were 1.2 and 1.6kb and these were expressed in white colored mycelia from L. edodes, but not brown colored mycelia. Partial sequencing of these cDNA fragments showed that the 1.6kb cDNA had 100% identity with the microsatellites gene from Dugenia polichroa. However, the other 1.2kb cDNA fragment had poly T tail on 3' region of partial open reading frame on 5' region. The new primer designed based on the sequence of 1.2kb cDNA was constructed. RT-PCR analysis using the newly designed 0.12kb cDNA specific primer showed that the gene was only expressed in white color mycelia, but not in brown color mycelia. Sequence analysis of 5' region of this 1.2kb cDNA revealed that this gene contained partial open reading frame consisted of 110 amino acid. Homology search using DNASIS database showed that this gene had high sequence homology of 66.7% in DNA level and 69.2 % in amino acid level with dTDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratases gene from Arabidopsis thaliata. The dTDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratases gene was known to be function to have tolerance with oxidation stress. These results strongly suggest that this gene isolated from white mycelia of L. edodes might have a function of repressor against mycelia browning. Therefore I designated this gene as BCR (Brown Color Repressor) gene.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.318-324
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• 2004

Purpose: Philips GEMINI is a newly introduced whole-body GSO PET/CT scanner. In this study, performance of the scanner including spatial resolution, sensitivity, scatter fraction, noise equivalent count ratio (NECR) was measured utilizing NEMA NU2-2001 standard protocol and compared with performance of LSO, BGO crystal scanner. Methods: GEMINI is composed of the Philips ALLEGRO PET and MX8000 D multi-slice CT scanners. The PET scanner has 28 detector segments which have an array of 29 by 22 GSO crystals ($4{\times}6{\times}20$ mm), covering axial FOV of 18 cm. PET data to measure spatial resolution, sensitivity, scatter fraction, and NECR were acquired in 3D mode according to the NEMA NU2 protocols (coincidence window: 8 ns, energy window: $409[\sim}664$ keV). For the measurement of spatial resolution, images were reconstructed with FBP using ramp filter and an iterative reconstruction algorithm, 3D RAMLA. Data for sensitivity measurement were acquired using NEMA sensitivity phantom filled with F-18 solution and surrounded by $1{\sim}5$ aluminum sleeves after we confirmed that dead time loss did not exceed 1%. To measure NECR and scatter fraction, 1110 MBq of F-18 solution was injected into a NEMA scatter phantom with a length of 70 cm and dynamic scan with 20-min frame duration was acquired for 7 half-lives. Oblique sinograms were collapsed into transaxial slices using single slice rebinning method, and true to background (scatter+random) ratio for each slice and frame was estimated. Scatter fraction was determined by averaging the true to background ratio of last 3 frames in which the dead time loss was below 1%. Results: Transverse and axial resolutions at 1cm radius were (1) 5.3 and 6.5 mm (FBP), (2) 5.1 and 5.9 mm (3D RAMLA). Transverse radial, transverse tangential, and axial resolution at 10 cm were (1) 5.7, 5.7, and 7.0 mm (FBP), (2) 5.4, 5.4, and 6.4 mm (3D RAMLA). Attenuation free values of sensitivity were 3,620 counts/sec/MBq at the center of transaxial FOV and 4,324 counts/sec/MBq at 10 cm offset from the center. Scatter fraction was 40.6%, and peak true count rate and NECR were 88.9 kcps @ 12.9 kBq/mL and 34.3 kcps @ 8.84 kBq/mL. These characteristics are better than that of ECAT EXACT PET scanner with BGO crystal. Conclusion: The results of this field test demonstrate high resolution, sensitivity and count rate performance of the 3D PET/CT scanner with GSO crystal. The data provided here will be useful for the comparative study with other 3D PET/CT scanners using BGO or LSO crystals.