• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.144-148
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• 2020

Corn silk (Okmi-su) was anciently adopted as a material for tea or beverage. Corn silk extracts (CSE) contain bioactive phytochemicals such as phenolic acid, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, tannins, and glycosides. Under the impact of these functional components, CSE has benefits for antioxidation, diuresis, anti-diabetes, and dyslipidemia recovery. Nonetheless, its role in whole-body adiposity was not investigated; therefore, the effects of CSE on obesity were evaluated in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Mice were assigned to either group (n=12); 1) normal diet (18% kcal from fat), 2) high-fat diet (45% kcal from fat, the control), 3) high-fat diet with CSE (800 mg/kg diet), and 4) high-fat diet with orlistat (500 mg/kg diet, a comparable control for weight loss). Our results showed that body weight, adiposity, and energy expenditure in obese mice were not altered by CSE. Lean body mass tended to decrease by CSE, which can be explained by stimulation of diuresis (p=0.06). In conclusion, our results suggest that dietary consumption of CSE does not influence the adiposity and underlying substrate utilization in high-fat diet-induced obese mice.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.255-262
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• 2020

Obesity is a critical health issue in Korea, where half of all adults are overweight and a third obese. Aronia melanocarpa -rich in flavonoids and phenolics- with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, could have anti-obesity activity and reduce body fat mass by upregulating lipolysis and β-oxidation in obese mice. Male C57BL/6J mice (n=12) were assigned into four groups: normal chow (18% kcal from fat); high-fat diet control (HFD, 45% kcal from fat); HFD+A. melanocarpa (200 mg/kg diet); HFD+Xenical (500 mg/kg diet, positive control). Antioxidant capacity of A. melanocarpa was established in vitro and in vivo. Weight loss was induced as decreased adiposity and lowered respiratory quotient at rest suggested oxidation of stored fat. Adiposity reduction, accompanied with elevated fat utilization, was owing to enhanced activity of hormone-sensitive lipase. Thus, A. melanocarpa lowered adiposity by enhancing lipolysis and utilization of fatty acids in visceral fat.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.381-389
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• 2015

본 연구는 성장기 동물모델의 고과당 식이섭취가 골성장 (bone growth) 및 성숙 (bone maturation)에 미치는 영향을 연구하기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 평가하기 위해 생화학적 표지자 (biochemical markers), 경골의 구조학적 파라미터 (structural parameters) 및 골밀도 (BMD), 신장의 조직학적 변화를 측정하였고, 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 30% 고과당 섭취 (8주 동안) 및 30% 고과당 + 45 kcal% 고지방 섭취는 경골 내 해면골 (Tibia trabecular bone)의 부피비 (BV/TV), 해면골의 평균 개수 (Tb.N) 및 패턴요소 (Tb.Pf)를 향상시켰다. 2) 45 kcal% 고지방 섭취는 경골 내 피질골 (Tibia trabecular bone)의 부피를 향상시켰다. 3) 30% 고과당 섭취는 신장의 출혈 (interstitial bleeding), 공포화 변성 (vacuolation), 사구체 울혈 (glomerular congestion) 등의 병변을 유발하지 않았다. 4) 30% 고과당 섭취는 혈중 OC 농도를 낮추었고, 요 중 DPD농도에는 영향을 주지 않았다. 5) 8주 동안의 30% 고과당 섭취는 유의한 경향의 체중증가를 유도하였고, 45 kcal% 고지방 섭취는 유의적인 체중증가를 나타내었다. 본 연구 결과에 따르면 고과당의 섭취는 신기능의 손상 없이 성장기 해면골을 더욱 치밀하게 만드는 것으로 나타났다. 많은 선행연구들을 통하여 설탕이나 포도당의 과잉 섭취가 골 소실을 유발한다고 보고되어 왔으며, 본 연구를 포함한 이전 연구들을 종합해보면 고과당 섭취는 설탕이나 포도당 과잉 섭취가 유발하는 골 소실을 유발하지는 않는 것으로 보인다. 하지만 이러한 결과가 고과당 섭취가 골형성을 돕는다는 것을 의미하지는 않는다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 골의 형성 및 성숙에 중요한 시기인 청소년기에 안전한 과당섭취 가이드라인을 위한 초석을 다지는데 참고자료로서 사용될 수 있으며, 설탕이나 포도당 등을 과당으로 대체하여 섭취하는 것이 골 건강에 도움이 될 수 있을지는 향후 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.481-487
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 성장기 마우스 모델을 이용하여 고지방식 이를 제공한 후 이에 따른 염증지표와 골의 형태학적 미세구조의 변화를 살펴보았다. C57BL/6J 4주령 수컷 마우스를 난괴법에 의해 대조군 (n = 6)과 실험군 (n = 6)로 분류하여 대조군에는 10% Kcal fat 식이와 고지방식이군에는 45% Kcal fat 식이를 12주 동안 자유급식 방법으로 제공하였다. 혈액검사와 염증지표를 분석하였으며 micro-CT를 이용하여 대퇴부 뼈의 형태학적 미세구조를 측정하였다. 대조군과 고지방식이군의 체중 증가는 각각 $5.85{\pm}1.84g$, $16.06{\pm}5.64g$로 유의한 차이를 보였으며 (p < 0.01), 혈당은 각각 $115.00{\pm}16.88mg/dL$, $188.33{\pm}13.29mg/dL$ (p < 0.01), 중성지방은 각각 $65.00{\pm}6.19mg/dL$, $103.33{\pm}8.02mg/dL$ (p < 0.05)로 나타났다. 렙틴과 IL-6는 고지방식이군에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다 (p < 0.01). 골대사의 생화학적지표 분석 결과 오스테오칼신은 고지방식이군에서 낮게 나타났으나 유의적이지 않았으며, CTx은 고지방식이군에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다 (p < 0.01). 골밀도는 고지방식이군에서 낮게 나타났으나 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 그러나 골의 형태학적 미세구조 분석결과 골소주의 두께는 고지방식이 군이 대조군보다 유의적으로 좁게 나타났으며 (p < 0.05), 골소주의 간격은 고지방식이군이 유의적으로 넓게 나타났다 (p < 0.05). 골의 형태학적 미세구조인 골소주의 간격과 IL-6가 양의 상관성이 나타났다 (p < 0.05). 본 연구결과 최대골밀도가 형성되는 단계의 성장기 마우스에서 고지방식이 공급을 통한 비만 유도 현상은 골소주의 수와 골소주가 차지하는 비율의 변화를 유발하여 골 미세구조에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 염증지표와 상관성이 나타났다. 이에 성장기에 염증지표 증가를 억제하고 정상적인 골형성을 위하여 과잉의 지방섭취 제한이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.311-318
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• 2018

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) supplementation has been suggested to negatively correlate with obesity in humans and other animals. Previous studies, including ours, have demonstrated that a high-fat diet (HFD) induces obesity and related diseases such as hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Here, we investigated the effects of vitamin C on visceral adipocyte hypertrophy and glucose intolerance in C57BL/6J mice. Mice received a low-fat diet (LFD, 10% kcal fat), HFD (45% kcal fat), or the same HFD supplemented with vitamin C (HFD-VC, 1% w/w) for 15 weeks. Visceral adiposity and glucose intolerance were examined using metabolic measurements, histology, and gene expression analyses. Mice in the HFD-VC supplementation group had reduced body weight, mesenteric fat mass, and mesenteric adipocyte size compared with HFD-fed mice. Vitamin C intake in obese mice also decreased the mRNA levels of lipogenesis-related genes (i.e., stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c) in mesenteric adipose tissues, inhibited hyperglycemia, and improved glucose tolerance. In addition, vitamin C attenuated the HFD-induced increase in the size of pancreatic islets. These results suggest that vitamin C suppresses HFD-induced visceral adipocyte hypertrophy and glucose intolerance in part by decreasing the visceral adipose expression of genes involved in lipogenesis.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.308-314
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• 2013

Black ginseng is produced by a repeated steaming process. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-obesity effects of black ginseng ethanol extract (BG-EE) in high fat (HF) diet-fed mice. Two groups were fed either a normal control (NC) diet or a HF diet (45% kcal fat). The other three groups were given a HF diet supplemented with 1% BG-EE, 3% BG-EE, and 5% BG-EE for 12 wk. The anti-obesity effects of the BG-EE supplement on body weight, the development of fat mass, and lipid mechanisms were assessed in obese mice. HF-induced hyperlipidemia, fat accumulation in the liver, and white adipose tissues were reduced after BG-EE supplementation. Total fecal weight and the amount of fecal fat excretion also were increased after BG-EE supplementation. These results suggest that BG-EE may be useful to ameliorate HF-induced obesity through the strong inhibition of fat digestion.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2014

The present study investigated the anti-obesity effects of Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii (MA) in mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet. Two groups were fed either a normal control diet or an HF (45% kcal fat) diet for 12 weeks and three groups were fed an HF diet supplemented with powdered MA (MAP, 1%, 3%, and 5%) for 12 weeks. The anti-obesity effects of MAP supplementation on body weight, fat mass development, and lipid-related markers were assessed. Consumption of an HF diet resulted in increased body weight, serum lipids, relative adipose tissues weight, and liver fat accumulation. However, administration of MAP significantly decreased body weight gain, food intake, food efficiency ratio, hepatic cholesterol level, and adipose tissue weight in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, treatment with MAP significantly reduced the occurrence of fatty liver deposits and steatosis, and inhibited an HF diet-induced increase in adipocyte size. These results suggest that dietary supplementation with MAP exerts anti-obesity effects and indicate that MAP could be used as a functional food to control obesity.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.227-236
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• 2012

Previous study showed that swimming improved obesity but was not through $PPAR{\alpha}$ activation in liver and skeletal muscle in high fat diet-fed female mice with functioning ovaries as an animal model of obese premenopausal women. Thus, this study was aimed at investigation of the effects of swimming on the promotion of health and its molecular mechanism in adipose tissue of high fat diet-fed female mice. Eight-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into two groups (a non-swim control group and a swim group, n=8/group). Mice in the swim group swam for 2 h daily for 6 weeks in water bath with temperature of $35{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. All the animals received high fat diet (45% kcal fat) for 6 weeks. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to elucidate the molecular mechanism. Female mice subjected to swimming had significantly decreased body weight gain and white adipose tissue mass compared with the female control mice. Histological studies illustrated that swimming decreases the hepatic lipid accumulation. As expected, swimming did not affect the expression of mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ${\alpha}$ and $PPAR{\alpha}$ target genes responsible for mitochondrial fatty acid ${\beta}$-oxidation, such as carnitine palmitoyltransgerase-1 and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase in the white adipose tissue. However, mice that underwent 6-weeks of swimming exercise had decreased the mRNA expression of lipogenic genes, such as sterol regulatory element-binding proteins-1C and fatty acid synthase in comparison to sedentary control mice, with decreased $PPAR{\gamma}$ target genes involved in adipocyte-specific marker genes, such as adipocyte fatty acid binding protein and leptin in the white adipose tissue. These results suggest that swimming can effectively prevent obesity induced by high fat diet-fed, in part through down-regulation of adipogenesis and lipogenesis in white adipose tissue of female obese mice. Moreover, these results suggest that swimming maybe contributing the promotion of health through regulation of adipogenesis and lipogenesis in overweight premenopausal women.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.218-221
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• 2004

본 연구는 인술린비의존성 당뇨병환자의 경구용 혈당강하제로 사용되는 rosiglitazone이 in vivo 골조직 collagen의 신생율에 미치는 영향을 측정하기 위해 수행되었다. 저지방식이군과 고지방식이군은 각각 총열량의 10%와 45%를 지방으로 공급하였고 rosiglitazone 첨가군은 고지방식이에 rosiglitazone을 6.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kcal로 조절하여 공급하였다. 또한 collagen의 신생율을 안정동위원소비 질량분석법으로 측정하기 위하여 99.9% $^2$$H_2O$를 일시 복강주입하여 실험동물 체액의 $^2$$H_2O$ 수준을 2.0∼2.5%에 도달시킨 후 4% $^2$$H_2O$를 음용으로 3주 동안 계속 공급하였다. 체중증가량 및 식이섭취량은 각 실험군간에 유의한 차이가 없었으나 rosiglitazone첨가군이 다른 실험군에 비하여 높은 경향을 보였고, 체지방함량은 고지방식에 rosiglitazone를 첨가한 군이 다른 군에 비하여 유의한 증가를 보였다. 고지방식이군이 저지방식이군보다 골조직 collagen의 신생율이 낮았고 rosiglitazone의 첨가는 collagen의 신생율을 더욱 감소시켰으나 유의한 차이를 보이지는 않았다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2023

Objectives We aimed to find out the improvement effect of Baekhogainsam-tang (Baihu Jia Renshen-tang, BIT) on metabolic syndrome and alteration of microbiota and gene expression. Methods We used male C57BI/6 mice and randomly assigned them into three groups. Normal control group was fed 10% kcal% fat diet, high-fat diet (HFD) group was fed 45% kcal% fat diet and 10% fructose water. BIT group was fed same diet as HFD group and treated by BIT for once daily, 6 days per week, total 8 weeks. We measured their body weight and food intake every week and performed oral glucose tolerance test 1 week before the end of the study. Then we collected the blood sample to measure triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin, and hemoglobin A1c. We harvested tissue of liver, muscle, fat, and large intestine for quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and histopathological examination. Fresh fecal samples were collected from each animal to verify alterations of gut microbiota and we used RNA from liver tissue for microarray analysis. Results The body weight and fat weight of BIT group were reduced compared to HFD group. The qPCR markers usually up-regulated in metabolic syndrome were decreased in BIT group. Bacteroides were higher in BIT group than other groups. There were also differences in gene expressions between two groups such as Cyp3a11 and Scd1. Conclusions We could find out BIT can ameliorate metabolic syndrome and suggest its effect is related to gut microbiota composition and gene expression pattern.