• Title/Summary/Keyword: 4.3 Incident

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A study on the pedicatric accident (응급실 내원 아동에 대한 분석)

  • Son In-A
    • Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.332-341
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    • 2000
  • Children's accident is a largely preventable public health problem. Little is known. however, about population-based incident and outcome of pediatric accident. From 1997.9 through 1998,8. admission data from emergency center in I city were collected. 1418 patient from 0 through 13 years of age were selected. All children with unintensional accidental problems were identified through coded sheet which categorizes epidemiologic characteristics. The specific purposes of this study are analysis about the characteristics of pediatric accidents. And it aims to produce the basic data necessary for accident prevention policy development. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The number of male children$(62.6\%)$ were higher than female children$(37.4\%)$ 2. The age group from 1 to 3 years represents the highest proportion$(45.4\%)$ of every accidents except on traffic accident. 3. The highest proportion of accident were as follows occured during the June-August$(34\%)$, Sunday$(22.6\%)$, and 17-21 p.m. $(37.2\%)$ 4. The main causes of accident include general trauma$(70.9\%)$, environmental accident$(l6.8\%)$. and traffic accident$(l2.1\%)$, 5. Preschool age group represents more than half$(65.4\%)$ of traffic accident. 6. environmental injury includes burns $(46.6\%)$, foreign body$(43.6\%)$, exposure to poisonous materials$(6.3\%)$. and bite(3.3) This results could be used to develope prevention programs and assist in accident prevention system development. And also these data substantiate that accident prevention program decrease safety-related injury rate in preschool age group must be concentrated on enhancing access to a system to have a significant effect. Furthermore, it is necessary for accident prevention. So several suggestions are described here: 1. Development of parent's educational program for accident prevention and safety education should be done actively. 2. Home safety surveillance system should be initiated. 3. The initiation of children's accident report system could be contribute the analysis and the reduction of accident.

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Enhancement of Photoelectric Efficiency in a Dye-sensitized Solar Cell Using Hollow TiO2 Nanoparticles as an Overlayer

  • Lee, Kyoung-No;Kim, Woo-Byoung;Lee, Caroline Sunyong;Lee, Jai-Sung
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.34 no.6
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    • pp.1853-1856
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    • 2013
  • $TiO_2$ hollow nanoparticles (HNPs) and their light scattering effect which influences on the photoelectric conversion efficiency of a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) were investigated. When only HNPs were employed in DSSC as the anode layer material, the conversion efficiency (e.g., 0.96%) was the lowest, possibly due to scattering loss of incident light. However, DSSC fabricated by using HNPs as a scattering overlayer on the $TiO_2$ nanoparticles (P-25), showed higher conversion efficiency (4.02%) than that without using HNPs (3.36%).

$\gamma$-선 Radiography에 있어서의 피사체 산란선에 관한 연구

  • 허남;야고이명
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.4 no.3
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    • pp.223-228
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    • 1972
  • In the radiography, of thick materials the scattered rays from an object are one of major causes to reduce the quality of the radiographic image on the film. To determine the rate of scattering of incident gamma rays by an objective specimen, film blacknesses are measured for various slit widths. For each measurement, the changes of a penetrameter's sensitivity are also evaluated. It is observed that the fault-detectability can be improved by reducing the slit width when the fault detectability deteriorates due to the increase in scattered gamma rays by thicker samples. This experiment has been carried out with the iron specimens and $^{60}$ Co source.

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Response of Angled two-Strip Transmission Lines to the Incident Angle of an External Electromagnetic Field, II : Modal Analysis on an Equivalent Structure (외부 전자파의 입사방향에 대한 각진 두 스트립으로 구성된 전송선의 반응, II:등가구조의 모드해석)

  • 홍성용;김세윤;나정웅
    • The Proceeding of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.3-9
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    • 1993
  • A new method is developed for analysis of the electromagnetic coupling to an angled two-strip transmission line. It consists of solving the cylindrical transmission line equations an- alytically, and then adjusting the involved parameters to support the cylindrical TEM mode along its equivalent model of the angled two-plate transmission line. Its analytic solution agrees with the numerical value obtained by using the circuit-concept approach.

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Passive Mode Locking of Figure '8' Type Erbium-doped Fiber Ring Laser Using Nonlinear Loop Mirror (비선형 Loop Mirror 방식을 이용한 '8'자 고리형 Erbium 광섬유 레이저의 수동형 모드 록킹)

  • 박희갑
    • Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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    • v.4 no.3
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    • pp.330-337
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    • 1993
  • Figure '8' type, passively-mode-locked erbium-doped-fiber ring laser was developed, incorporating a nonlinear loop mirror. Transmittance of the loop mirror was found to be dependent on the incident light intensity due to the non-reciprocal nonlinear phase shift, which enables the passive mode locking of the laser. Self-starting of stable mode locking was possible with only controlling the polarization controllers inside the cavity without any help of external perturbation or modulation. The mode-locked output pulse shape was discussed in relation with the transmission characteristics of nonlinear loop mirror.

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Transient Analysis of Five-Layer System Laser Amplifier (오층구조 레이저 증폭기의 과도현상론적해석)

  • 김영권
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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    • v.3 no.4
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    • pp.16-24
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    • 1966
  • The LASER Amplifier is treated in the manner of a Fabry-Perot Resonator with an active media, five layers are considered: air, reflector, active medium(ruby), reflector and air. One dimensional scalar wave equations are derived using the method of boundary value probrems in which it is assumed that incident coherent radiation falls normally on the surface wall. All equations are treated from the transient analysis point of view using the Laplace transform nethods, and are arranged steady state region as an amplifier and transient region as a self excited oscillator. Also some remarks are given on the design problem of LASER amplifier in connection with the transient terms involved.

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The Admittance Characteristics of an Edge Shunt Slot Antenna (엣지$\cdot$션트 스롯트안테나의 애드미턴스 특성)

  • 양인응;이문기
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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    • v.4 no.3
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    • pp.9-18
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    • 1967
  • Analytic results, valid at resonance, for the admittance properties of an edge shunt slot on the narrow wall of rectangular waveguide have been derived by the use of electromagnetic field equations. Furthermore, additional formulas for the reflection, transmission coefficient and voltage amplitude generated by given incident wave are described. Finally, the measured results are compared with the theoretical values. It was found that the measured results were consistent with the theoretical results. Also the errors between computed and measured data are described.

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Bilateral distal femoral epiphyseal detachment in a young adult: a case report

  • Armand Yepie;Moctar Traore;Mensah Yaovi;Michel Anoumou
    • Journal of Trauma and Injury
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.458-461
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    • 2023
  • Epiphyseal dislocations and fractures frequently occur in children and adolescents. However, these injuries seldom involve the distal femur, and bilateral cases are even rarer. We present an unusual case of bilateral epiphyseal detachment of the femur in a 21-year-old man who was involved in a traffic accident. Open reduction and fixation surgery were performed 5 days after the incident. The patient experienced favorable progress, with consolidation occurring at 3 months. No lower limb length discrepancies were observed at the 20-month follow-up. In summary, bilateral distal femoral epiphyseal detachment is an uncommon condition that can be effectively treated through surgical intervention.

The Effect of Smoking Status upon Occurrence of Impaired Fasting Glucose or Type 2 Diabetes in Korean Men (우리나라 성인 남성에서 흡연량과 공복혈당장애 또는 제2형 당뇨병 발생과의 연관성)

  • Park, Chang-Hae;Ga, Hyuk;Lee, Jong-Han;Kwak, Seung-Min;Kim, Hwan-Cheol;Choi, Ji-Ho
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.249-254
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    • 2008
  • Objectives: To investigate whether smoking and the smoking status are predictors of the incident impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or type 2 diabetes in Korean men. Methods: A cohort of 1,717 Korean men without IFG or diabetes, who underwent annual periodic health examinations for 4 years (2002-2006), were retrospectively investigated. IFG and diabetes were defined as a serum fasting glucose concentration of 100-125 mg/dL and more than 126 mg/dL, respectively. Cox's proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the association between smoking and development of IFG or type 2 diabetes. Results: A total of 558 cases (32.5%) of incident IFG and 50 cases (2.9%) of diabetes occurred. After controlling for the potential predictors of diabetes, the relative risk for IFG, compared with the never smokers, was 1.02 (95% CI=0.88 to 1.19) for the ever-smokers, 0.96 (95% CI=0.79-1.16) for those who smoked 1-9 cigarettes/d, 1.15 (95% CI=1.01 to 1.30) for those who smoked 10-19 cigarettes/d, and 1.31 (95% CI=1.10 to 1.57) for those who smoked 20 or more cigarettes/d (the P value for the current smokers was only p<0.002). The respective multivariate adjusted relative risks for type 2 diabetes, compared with the never-smokers, were 1.07 (95% CI=0.64 to 1.92), 1.47 (95% CI=0.71 to 3.04), 1.84 (95% CI=0.92-3.04), and 1.87 (95% CI=1.13-3.67), respectively (the P value for the current smokers was only p=0.004). Conclusions: The smoking status and the number of cigarettes smoked daily are associated with an increased risk for developing IFG or type 2 diabetes in Korean men.

Analysis of Electromagnetic Wave Characteristics of Microwave Nondestructive Device for Inspecting Human Lower Leg (마이크로파 비파괴 검사를 위한 인체 하지에 대한 전자파특성 분석)

  • Kim, Byung-Mun;Lee, Sang-Min;Park, Young-Ja;Hong, Jae-Pyo
    • The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.385-394
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    • 2021
  • In this paper, a new equation of electromagnetic wave transmission matrix was proposed to calculate the reflected power and transmitted power for the multi-layered planar lossy structure. The applied human leg was modeled as a four-layer planar structure of skin, fat, muscle and bone. The complex dielectric constant to consider the loss of each of these layers was calculated using the 4-pole cole-cole model parameter. When electromagnetic waves were incident on the skin surface, total reflected and transmitted power, and human body loss were calculated for a frequency band of 0.1 to 20.0 GHz. And for various muscle thicknesses, the power reflected only from the outermost bone and re-radiated from the skin was calculated. It was confirmed that at the muscle thickness of 3.0 mm and the frequency of 4.6 GHz the return loss was -6.13 dB, which was 3.42 dB lower than the average value.