• 한국농공학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.3361-3394
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• 1974

The purpose of this thesis is to disclose some characteristics of water consumption in relation to the quantities of dry matters through the growing period for two statured varieties of paddy rice which are a tall statured variety and a short one, including the water consumption during seedling period, and to find out the various coefficients of evapotranspiration that are applicable for the water use of an expected yield of the two varieties. PAL-TAL, a tall statured variety, and TONG-lL, a short statured variety were chosen for this investigation. Experiments were performed in two consecutive periods, a seedling period and a paddy field period, In the investigation of seedling period, rectangular galvanized iron evapotranspirometers (91cm${\times}$85cm${\times}$65cm) were set up in a way of two levels (PAL-TAL and TONG-lL varieties) with two replications. A standard fertilization method was applied to all plots. In the experiment of paddy field period, evapotanspiration and evaporation were measured separately. For PAL-TAL variety, the evapotranspiration measurements of 43 plots of rectangular galvanized iron evapotranspirometer (91cm${\times}$85cm${\times}$65cm) and the evaporation measurements of 25 plots of rectangular galvanized iron evaporimeter (91cm${\times}$85cm${\times}$15cm) have been taken for seven years (1966 through 1972), and for TONG-IL variety, the evapotranspiration measurements of 19 plots and the evaporation measurements of 12 plots have been collected for two years (1971 through 1972) with five different fertilization levels. The results obtained from this investigation are summarized as follows: 1. Seedling period 1) The pan evaporation and evapotranspiration during seedling period were proved to have a highly significant correlation to solar radiation, sun shine hours and relative humidity. But they had no significant correlation to average temperature, wind velocity and atmospheric pressure, and were appeared to be negatively correlative to average temperature and wind velocity, and positively correlative to the atmospheric pressure, in a certain period. There was the highest significant correlation between the evapotranspiration and the pan evaporation, beyond all other meteorological factors considered. 2) The evapotranpiration and its coefficient for PAL-TAL variety were 194.5mm and 0.94∼1.21(1.05 in average) respectively, while those for TONG-lL variety were 182.8mm and 0.90∼1.10(0.99 in average) respectively. This indicates that the evapotranspiration for TONG-IL variety was 6.2% less than that for PAL-TAL variety during a seedling period. 3) The evapotranspiration ratio (the ratio of the evapotranspiration to the weight of dry matters) during the seedling period was 599 in average for PAL-TAL variety and 643 for TONG-IL variety. Therefore the ratio for TONG-IL was larger by 44 than that for PAL-TAL variety. 4) The K-values of Blaney and Criddle formula for PAL-TAL variety were 0.78∼1.06 (0.92 in average) and for TONG-lL variety 0.75∼0.97 (0.86 in average). 5) The evapotranspiration coefficient and the K-value of B1aney and Criddle formular for both PAL-TAL and TONG-lL varieties showed a tendency to be increasing, but the evapotranspiration ratio decreasing, with the increase in the weight of dry matters. 2. Paddy field period 1) Correlation between the pan evaporation and the meteorological factors and that between the evapotranspiration and the meteorological factors during paddy field period were almost same as that in case of the seedling period (Ref. to table IV-4 and table IV-5). 2) The plant height, in the same level of the weight of dry matters, for PAL-TAL variety was much larger than that for TONG-IL variety, and also the number of tillers per hill for PAL-TAL variety showed a trend to be larger than that for TONG-IL variety from about 40 days after transplanting. 3) Although there was a tendency that peak of leaf-area-index for TONG-IL variety was a little retarded than that for PAL-TAL variety, it appeared about 60∼80 days after transplanting. The peaks of the evapotranspiration coefficient and the weight of dry matters at each growth stage were overlapped at about the same time and especially in the later stage of growth, the leaf-area-index, the evapotranspiration coefficient and the weight of dry matters for TONG-IL variety showed a tendency to be larger then those for PAL-TAL variety. 4) The evaporation coefficient at each growth stage for TONG-IL and PAL-TALvarieties was decreased and increased with the increase and decrease in the leaf-area-index, and the evaporation coefficient of TONG-IL variety had a little larger value than that of PAL-TAL variety. 5) Meteorological factors (especially pan evaporation) had a considerable influence to the evapotranspiration, the evaporation and the transpiration. Under the same meteorological conditions, the evapotranspiration (ET) showed a increasing logarithmic function of the weight of dry matters (x), while the evaporation (EV) a decreasing logarithmic function of the weight of dry matters; 800kg/10a x 2000kg/10a, ET=al+bl logl0x (bl>0) EV=a2+b2 log10x (a2>0 b2<0) At the base of the weight of total dry matters, the evapotranspiration and the evaporation for TONG-IL variety were larger as much as 0.3∼2.5% and 7.5∼8.3% respectively than those of PAL-TAL variety, while the transpiration for PAL-TAL variety was larger as much as 1.9∼2.4% than that for TONG-IL variety on the contrary. At the base of the weight of rough rices the evapotranspiration and the transpiration for TONG-IL variety were less as much as 3.5% and 8.l∼16.9% respectively than those for PAL-TAL variety and the evaporation for TONG-IL was much larger by 11.6∼14.8% than that for PAL-TAL variety. 6) The evapotranspiration coefficient, the evaporation coefficient and the transpiration coefficient and the transpiration coefficient were affected by the weight of dry matters much more than by the meteorological conditions. The evapotranspiratioa coefficient (ETC) and the evaporation coefficient (EVC) can be related to the weight of dry matters (x) by the following equations: 800kg/10a x 2000kg/10a, ETC=a3+b3 logl0x (b3>0) EVC=a4+b4 log10x (a4>0, b4>0) At the base of the weights of dry matters, 800kg/10a∼2000kg/10a, the evapotranspiration coefficients for TONG-IL variety were 0.968∼1.474 and those for PAL-TAL variety, 0.939∼1.470, the evaporation coefficients for TONG-IL variety were 0.504∼0.331 and those for PAL-TAL variety, 0.469∼0.308, and the transpiration coefficients for TONG-IL variety were 0.464∼1.143 and those for PAL-TAL variety, 0.470∼1.162. 7) The evapotranspiration ratio, the evaporation ratio (the ratio of the evaporation to the weight of dry matters) and the transpiration ratio were highly affected by the meteorological conditions. And under the same meteorological condition, both the evapotranspiration ratio (ETR) and the evaporation ratio (EVR) showed to be a decreasing logarithmic function of the weight of dry matters (x) as follows: 800kg/10a x 2000kg/10a, ETR=a5+b5 logl0x (a5>0, b5<0) EVR=a6+b6 log10x (a6>0 b6<0) In comparison between TONG-IL and PAL-TAL varieties, at the base of the pan evaporation of 343mm and the weight of dry matters of 800∼2000kg/10a, the evapotranspiration ratios for TONG-IL variety were 413∼247, while those for PAL-TAL variety, 404∼250, the evaporation ratios for TONG-IL variety were 197∼38 while those for PAL-TAL variety, 182∼34, and the transpiration ratios for TONG-IL variety were 216∼209 while those for PAL-TAL variety, 222∼216 (Ref. to table IV-23, table IV-25 and table IV-26) 8) The accumulative values of evapotranspiration intensity and transpiration intensity for both PAL-TAL and TONG-IL varieties were almost constant in every climatic year without the affection of the weight of dry matters. Furthermore the evapotranspiration intensity appeared to have more stable at each growth stage. The peaks of the evapotranspiration intensity and transpiration intensity, for both TONG-IL and PAL-TAL varieties, appeared about 60∼70 days after transplanting, and the peak value of the former was 128.8${\pm}$0.7, for TONG-IL variety while that for PAL-TAL variety, 122.8${\pm}$0.3, and the peak value of the latter was 152.2${\pm}$1.0 for TONG-IL variety while that for PAL-TAL variety, 152.7${\pm}$1.9 (Ref.to table IV-27 and table IV-28) 9) The K-value in Blaney & Criddle formula was changed considerably by the meteorological condition (pan evaporation) and related to be a increasing logarithmic function of the weight of dry matters (x) for both PAL-TAL and TONG-L varieties as follows; 800kg/10a x 2000kg/10a, K=a7+b7 logl0x (b7>0) The K-value for TONG-IL variety was a little larger than that for PAL-TAL variety. 10) The peak values of the evapotranspiration coefficient and k-value at each growth stage for both TONG-IL and PAL-TAL varieties showed up about 60∼70 days after transplanting. The peak values of the former at the base of the weights of total dry matters, 800∼2000kg/10a, were 1.14∼1.82 for TONG-IL variety and 1.12∼1.80, for PAL-TAL variety, and at the base of the weights of rough rices, 400∼1000 kg/10a, were 1.11∼1.79 for TONG-IL variety and 1.17∼1.85 for PAL-TAL variety. The peak values of the latter, at the base of the weights of total dry matters, 800∼2000kg/10a, were 0.83∼1.39 for TONG-IL variety and 0.86∼1.36 for PAL-TAL variety and at the base of the weights of rough rices, 400∼1000kg/10a, 0.85∼1.38 for TONG-IL variety and 0.87∼1.40 for PAL-TAL variety (Ref. to table IV-18 and table IV-32) 11) The reasonable and practicable methods that are applicable for calculating the evapotranspiration of paddy rice in our country are to be followed the following priority a) Using the evapotranspiration coefficients based on an expected yield (Ref. to table IV-13 and table IV-18 or Fig. IV-13). b) Making use of the combination method of seasonal evapotranspiration coefficient and evapotranspiration intensity (Ref. to table IV-13 and table IV-27) c) Adopting the combination method of evapotranspiration ratio and evapotranspiration intensity, under the conditions of paddy field having a higher level of expected yield (Ref. to table IV-23 and table IV-27). d) Applying the k-values calculated by Blaney-Criddle formula. only within the limits of the drought year having the pan evaporation of about 450mm during paddy field period as the design year (Ref. to table IV-32 or Fig. IV-22).

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.83-104
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• 1981

Hemodialysis is essential treatment for the chronic renal failure patient's long-term cure and for the patient management before and after kidney transplantation. It sustains the endstage renal failure patient's life which didn't get well despite strict regimen and furthermore it becomes an essential treatment to maintain civil life. Bursing implementation in hemodialysis may affect the significant effect on patient's life. The purpose of this study was to obtain the basic data to solve the hypotension problem encountable to patient and the blood loss problem affecting hemodialysis patient'a anemic states by incomplete rinsing of blood in coil through all process of hemodialysis. The subjects for this study were 44 patients treated hemodialysis 691 times in the hemodialysis unit, The .data was collected at Gang Nam 51. Mary's Hospital from January 1, 1981 to April 30, 1981 by using the direct observation method and the clinical laboratory test for laboratory data and body weight and was analysed by the use of analysis of Chi-square, t-test and anlysis of varience. The results obtained an follows; A. On clinical laboratory data and other data by dialysis Procedure. The average initial body weight was 2.37 ± 0.97kg, and average body weight after every dialysis was 2.33 ± 0.9kg. The subject's average hemoglobin was 7.05±1.93gm/dl and average hematocrit was 20.84± 3.82%. Average initial blood pressure was 174.03±23,75mmHg and after dialysis was 158.45±25.08mmHg. The subject's average blood ion due to blood sample for laboratory data was 32.78±13.49cc/ month. The subject's average blood replacement for blood complementation was 1.31 ±0.88 pint/ month for every patient. B. On the hypotensive state and the coping approaches occurrence rate of hypotension was 28.08%. It was 194 cases among 691 times. 1. In degrees of initial blood pressure, the most 36.6% was in the group of 150-179mmHg, and in degrees of hypotension during dialysis, the most 28.9% in the group of 40-50mmHg, especially if the initial blood pressure was under 180mmHg, 59.8% clinical symptoms appeared in the group of“above 20mmHg of hypotension”. If initial blood pressure was above 180mmHg, 34.2% of clinical symptoms were appeared in the group of“above 40mmHg of hypotension”. These tendencies showed the higher initial blood pressure and the stronger degree of hypotension, these results showed statistically singificant differences. (P=0.0000) 2. Of the occuring times of hypotension,“after 3 hrs”were 29.4%, the longer the dialyzing procedure, the stronger degree of hypotension ann these showed statistically significant differences. (P=0.0142). 3. Of the dispersion of symptoms observed, sweat and flush were 43.3%, and Yawning, and dizziness 37.6%. These were the important symptoms implying hypotension during hemodialysis accordingly. Strages of procedures in coping with hypotension were as follows ; 45.9% were recovered by reducing the blood flow rate from 200cc/min to 1 00cc/min, and by reducing venous pressure to 0-30mmHg. 33.51% were recovered by controling (adjusting) blood flow rate and by infusion of 300cc of 0,9% Normal saline. 4.1% were recovered by infusion of over 300cc of 0.9% normal saline. 3.6% by substituting Nor-epinephiine, 5.7% by substituting blood transfusion, and 7,2% by substituting Albumin were recovered. And the stronger the degree of symptoms observed in hypotention, the more the treatments required for recovery and these showed statistically significant differences (P=0.0000). C. On the effects of the changes of blood pressure and osmolality by albumin and hemofiltration. 1. Changes of blood pressure in the group which didn't required treatment in hypotension and the group required treatment, were averaged 21.5mmHg and 44.82mmHg. So the difference in the latter was bigger than the former and these showed statistically significant difference (P=0.002). On the changes of osmolality, average mean were 12.65mOsm, and 17.57mOsm. So the difference was bigger in the latter than in the former but these not showed statistically significance (P=0.323). 2. Changes of blood pressure in the group infused albumin and in the group didn't required treatment in hypotension, were averaged 30mmHg and 21.5mmHg. So there was no significant differences and it showed no statistical significance (P=0.503). Changes of osmolality were averaged 5.63mOsm and 12.65mOsm. So the difference was smaller in the former but these was no stitistical significance (P=0.287). Changes of blood pressure in the group infused Albumin and in the group required treatment in hypotension were averaged 30mmHg and 44.82mmHg. So the difference was smaller in the former but there is no significant difference (P=0.061). Changes of osmolality were averaged 8.63mOsm, and 17.59mOsm. So the difference were smaller in the former but these not showed statistically significance (P=0.093). 3. Changes of blood pressure in the group iutplemented hemofiltration and in the Uoup didn't required treatment in hypotension were averaged 22mmHg and 21.5mmHg. So there was no significant differences and also these showed no statistical significance (P=0.320). Changes of osmolality were averaged 0.4mOsm and 12.65mOsm. So the difference was smaller in the former but these not showed statistical significance（P=0.199). Changes of blood pressure in the group implemented hemofiltration and in the group required treatment in hypotension were averaged 22mmHg and 44.82mmHg. So the difference was smatter in the former and these showed statistically significant differences (P=0.035). Changes of osmolality were averaged 0.4mOsm and 17.59mOsm. So the difference was smaller in the former but these not showed statistical significance (P=0.086). D. On the changes of body weight, and blood pressure, between the group of hemofiltration and hemodialysis. 1, Changes of body weight in the group implemented hemofiltration and hemodialysis were averaged 3.340 and 3.320. So there was no significant differences and these showed no statistically significant difference, (P=0.185) but standard deviation of body weight averaged in comparison with standard difference of body weight was statistically significant difference (P=0.0000). Change of blood Pressure in the group implemented hemofiltration and hemodialysis were averaged 17.81mmHg and 19.47mmHg. So there was no significant differences and these showed no statistically significant difference (P=0.119), But in comparison with standard deviation about difference of blood pressure was statistically significant difference. (P=0.0000). E. On the blood infusion method in coil after hemodialysis and residual blood losing method in coil. 1, On comparing and analysing Hct of residual blood in coil by factors influencing blood infusion method. Infusion method of saline 200cc reduced residual blood in coil after the quantitative comparison of Saline Occ, 50cc, 100cc, 200cc and the differences showed statistical significance (p < 0.001). Shaking Coil method reduced residual blood in Coil in comparison of Shaking Coil method and Non-Shaking Coil method this showed statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Adjusting pressure in Coil at OmmHg method reduced residual blood in Coil in comparison of adjusting pressure in Coil at OmmHg and 200mmHg, and this showed statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). 2. Comparing blood infusion method divided into 10 methods in Coil with every factor respectively, there was seldom difference in group of choosing Saline 100cc infusion between Coil at OmmHg. The measured quantity of blood loss was averaged 13.49cc. Shaking Coil method in case of choosing saline 50cc infusion while adjusting pressure in coil at OmmHg was the most effective to reduce residual blood. The measured quantity of blood loss was averaged 15.18cc.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.83-101
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• 1981

Under the full consideration of the growing need and importance of population education in the field of home economics in Korea, the study was carried out to verify and assess the following facts on the current issues of population education of home economists who are presently engaging in teaching professions as the teachers of middle and high school and professors of college and universities by setting its primary objectives of the study as followings; 1) to assess the degree of general knowledge and attitudes of home economists toward population education in the field of home economics, 2) to verify the problems encountered in implementing population education by home economists in its field, 3) to find an existing status of previous trainings received and other activities of population education of home economists aimed at utilizing these findings as a part of reference materials when the population education is conducted in the field of home economics. In order to attain these objectives described above, the questionnaire was carefully designed to house a total of 40 questions with good combination of multiple-choice and the simple answer questions. The mail questionnaire survey was conducted by establishing teachers of home economics at middle/high schools and college/universities as Senior Home Economists(SHE) who are from public, private liberal arts and vocational schools. The rate of response observed during the survey was 45.6 percent and the findings of the survey research are as follows: 1) Examining the status of the respondents by residence and religion, it was found that 45 percent of middle & high school teachers ar.d 59. 1 percent of college professors are residing in Seoul city area and that the largest percent of them are christian in their religion. Analyzing respondents by their ages, 56 percent of middle/high school teachers are in their 30s, 45 percent of college professors are in their 40s, and 37 percent of college teachers are in their 30s. In addition, 13 percent of the total respondents are found to be unmarried. The study also revealed that 71 percent of the college professors finished Master Degree course and 82 percent of middle/high school teachers are graduated from college level lasting 4 years. Looking over the status cf major fields of respondents, 68.4 percent of middle/high school teachers are specialized in home economic education and the college professors, on the other hand, show relatively even prortion by specializing in the order of food & nutrition science, clothes & textile science and home managerial science. As far as the length of teaching experience is concerned, a relatively longer period of teaching experience is observed in the college professors in comparison with that of middle/high school teachers. In other words, 33.3 percent of middle/high school teachers are experienced in teaching from 6 to 10 years on average while 43.9 percent of college professors show more than 16 years of experience. 2) Examining the status of existing number of children cf the respondents, one boy and one daughter pattern is predominant, showing 28.5 percent in middle/high school teachers and 21.1 percent in college professors. As for the desired number of children of unmarried respondents, it is observed that 43.8 percent of middle/high school teachers desire to have one boy and one girl, and 31.3 percent of college professors want to have one child regardless of the sex. By assessing the degree of awareness of the population education through their students, it is observed that 53 percent of middle/high school teachers and 50 percent of college professors are aware of population education in some extent and that a majority of respondents took the positive attitudes toward an inclusion of family planning components into the formal school education. Another noteworthy to observe is that a total of 84.8 percent out of middle/high school teachers pointed that the population education currently conducted at schools as a part of home economics are less sufficient than it should be. 3) Analyzing the tendency as to whether the respondents were experienced in receiving population education during the time when they were students, 75 percent of college professors and 59 percent of middle/high school teachers responded negative answers in the survey. In the mean time, a total of 50 percent of the respondents replied that they began to acknowledge the importance of population education mainly through the participation of some sort of population-education orientend seminars, experienced by 40 percent of college professors and 80 percent of middle/high school teachers. 4) What it calls attention in this study was to find that 96.5 percent of middle/high school teachers and 72 percent of college professors conduct population education to some extent during their lecture hours and that more than 80 percent of them are never experienced in teaching population and family planning contents in their regular classes. It is, on the other hand, found that no more than once was the response of those who believe themselves that they are experienced in teaching these relevant components to their students. Analyzing the contents of the subjects being taught in the class, a large percent of them are found to be consisted of population and family planning contents. According to this study, the current population education through the formal school is quite inactive. Analyzing the facts, 44.9 percent of the college professors responded that the population and family planning components are quite apart from their specialization which eventually generates lack of interest in the field. 5) It is also noticed through the study that the degree of frequency of commenting on population and family planning contents during the classes was depending significantly on their specializations which means that the degree of frequency varies from a major to another. Those who majored in home managerial science was the first one, as compared to others who majored in different specializations. Glancing over the status of correlations between ages of the respondents and numbers of seminar paticipation, it is quite clear that the aged group participated more than the younger group did, and that the most highest number of participations made by college professors were those who are in 50s. In addition, it is also found that those who are aged 20s and 60s of the respondents were the group who comments least on the contents of population and family planning at their classes. The suggestions and recommendation made through this survey research are as follows. 1) No one denies that the rapid increase of population, as compared to the limited size of land and resources, will certainly affect adversly to an enhancement of individual life quality which will, eventually, bring forth the poverty of the nation. This is the reasson why we are insisting that the world population be controlled up to an optimum level with a matter of global concerns. It is our understading that the primary aim for reducing number of population is believed to be attained only by conducting the systematic and comprehensive population education through the formal schools. Therefore, the role of home economists in the field of population/family planning education is considered very importment due to the fact that an ultimate goal of population education is placed in elevating the quality of family life by having optimum number of children through family planning program. 2) It is quite clear that home economists as teachers of formal school in all level are invited to pay their attention on redefining the ultimate goal of education and that of population education. We also understant that the primary objective of population education is to change the norm and value of the clients by replenishing the students with pertinent knowledge and attitudes on population and its related problems through a sort of education in order to attain the ultimate goal for enhancing the quality of life. There is no exception in the theory of home economics. An altimate goal of home economics is to elevate the general quality of life through an establishment of value existed in daily life. Considering the relations between population education and home economics, it is quite indespensable to bandle population components as an integral part in the field of home economics. We believe, therefore, that the senior home economists positive participation in the effort population control is more needed than it has been. 3) It is also strongly urged that population education should be a part of instructor training course for home economics. In other words, the teacher of home economics should be well aware of population and its problems by teaching interrelationship between population education and home economics, needs, contents and methods of population education during the instructor training courese for home economics. In addition, the senior home economists should be encouraged through positive participation on the short term training by types of domestic and international seminar, workshop, etc. 4) We certainly believe that the population education can not sustain itself without any backing-up of information and findings' of various and comprehensive researches of natural and social sciences. Accordingly, every senior home economist is invited to exert their maximum effort to conduct systematic study with an aim to utilize these findings and information at best in population education in the field of home economics. Therefore, we consider that the development of training material is imminent in order to provide effective and efficient population education through the for training of home economies. It should be noted that these training materials must be carefully designed, tailored and developed to meet the different classes of trainees under the considerations as to whether it is easily adaptable and infusable into the curricula of every field of home economics, and it is acceptable in the degree of difficulty and quality in its contents. 5) It is true that there are many domestic and international research rapers, reports and findings in the field of population education and family planning. However, there is a tendency that the most of research papers are heavily relying on the authors intension and preferences in its expression and publication. Under these circumstances, it is urged that the home economists should aware of the growing need of the technical training in order to keep these available information and research findings reprocessed and redesigned to insure the practical application into the population education in the field of home economics in Korea.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.546-555
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• 1982

한국재래산양(韓國在來山羊)에 대한 단백질(蛋白質)의 소화(消化), 흡수(吸收) 및 질소대사량(窒素代謝量)과 energy의 발생량(發生量)을 조사(調査)하기 위해서 생후(生後) 10개월령(個月令)인 생체중(生體重) 20kg의 모산양(牡山羊)과 생후(生後) 30개월령(個月令)인 생체중(生體重) 20kg의 빈산양(牝山羊)을 공시동물(供試動物)로 하고, 개방식(開放式) 중량측정(重量測定) 호흡시험장치(呼吸試驗裝置)를 이용(利用)하여, 사료(飼料)의 급여수준(給與水準)에 의(依)한 질소(窒素) 및 energy의 대사량(代謝量)을 측정(測定)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 재래산양(在來山羊)에 급여(給與)한 사료(飼料)는 품질(品質)이 중간정도(中間程度)의 orchard grass 건초(乾草)였으며, 1(일)日 평균(平均) 생체중(生體重)에 대(對)하여 0.66~0.92% 섭취(攝取)하였는데, 건초(乾草)의 품질(品質)이 우수(優秀)하여도 그 이상(以上)은 섭취(攝取)하지 못하였으며, 유산양(乳山羊)이나 면양(緬羊)에 비(比)하여 떨어지는데 이는 동물상내(動物箱內)에서 경경(璟境)의 변화(變化)에도 기인(基因)되는 것 같다. 농후사료(濃厚飼料)로 대두박(大豆粕)을 급여(給與)한 구(區)에서는 건초(乾草)를 1.06%, 대두박(大豆粕)을 0.6% 섭취하여 생체중(生體重)의 1.66%를 섭취하였다. 2. 개방식(開放式) 중량측정호흡법(重量測定呼吸法)에 의(依)한 $CO_2$깨스발생량(發生量)을 KOH 용액(溶液)에 흡수(吸收)시켜, 24시간(時間)의 증가량(增加量)을 측정(測定)한 결과(結果)는 99~117g이었으나, 사료섭취량(飼料攝取量)의 증가(增加)에 의(依)하여 $CO_2$gas 발생량(發生量)이 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)은 없으며, 체중(體重)의 증가와 $CO_2$gas 발생량(發生量)은 비례(比例)하였다. 3. Orchard grass만을 급여(給與)하였을때 단백질(蛋白質)의 소화율(消化率)은 24.0~41%였으며, 동건초(同乾草)와 대두박(大豆粕)을 급여(給與)하였을때는 58.2%였는데, orchard grass 건초(乾草)212g과 대두박(大豆粕)150g을 섭취하여 11.538g의 질소를 1일(日) 섭취하여도 질소축적(窒素蓄積)은 0.16g이었다. 이는 조단백질(粗蛋白質)로 환산(換算)하여 1(일)日 77.9g의 섭취가 되며, 생체중(生體重) 20kg내외(內外)의 재래산양(在來山羊)에 필요(必要)한 40~50g보다 많았으나, N.E의 발생량이 537Kcal였으므로, 단백질(蛋白質)이 energy로 분해(分解) 이용(利用)되었다. 4. Energy의 출납(出納)은 생후(生後) 10개월령(個月令)의 생체중(生體重) 20.5kg의 모산양(牡山羊)에게 orchard 건초(乾草) 158g을 급여(給與)한 구(區)에서 G.E로 624Kcal 섭취하였고 D.E 량(量)은 260Kcal, 급열발생량(給熱發生量)은 338Kcal로 78Kcal가 부족(不足)하였다. 또, 생체중(生體重) 20kg의 생후(生後)30개월령(個月令) 모산양(牡山羊)에게 건초(乾草)213g을 급여(給與)아여 G.E로 842Kcal를 섭취하였을때 D.E는 199Kcal였고, 총열발생량(총熱發生量)은 334Kcal로 135Kca1가 부족(不足)하였다. 동모산양(同牡山羊)에게 건초(乾草) 212g과 대두분(大豆粉)150g을 급여(給與)하여 G.E로 1609Kcal를 섭취하였을때 역시 54Kcal가 부족(不足)하였다. 따라서 생체중(生體重) 20kg 내외(內外)의 한국재래산양(韓國在來山羊)은 N.E로 600Kcal 이상(以上)이 요구(要求)되는 것 같다. 5. 기초대사량(基礎代謝量)의 측정결과(測定結果)는 생체중(生體重) 27.7kg의 모산양(牡山羊)을 2~3일(日) 절식(絶食)시켰을때 412Kcal 였으며 3~4일(日)에서는 240Kcal로 저하되었다. 시험기간(試驗期間)의 외기온도(外氣溫度)는 $29{\sim}34.5^{\circ}C$였으며 chamber 내(內) 온도(溫度)가 $32^{\circ}C$이상(以上)일때는 호흡(呼吸)이 panting 상태(狀態)로 되었다. 6. 재래산양(在來山羊)은 사료(飼料)의 단백질(蛋白質) 급여수준(給與水準)에 따라서 혈청내(血淸內) 단백질량(蛋白質量)은 완만하게 감소하였으나 혈청내(血淸內) 요소량(尿素量)은 현저하게 감소되는 것이 인정(認定)되었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.195-211
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• 1986

한국산 양식어의 식품성분을 개선하기 위한 학술적 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 뱀장어, 가물치, 잉어를 천연산과 양식산으로 구분하고, 식품성분에 관하여 분석비교한 연구결과는 아래와 같다. 1. 담수어의 일반 성분중 공통적 특징은 천연산은 조단백질 함량이 많고 양식산은 조지질 함량이 많았다. 2. 천연산 뱀장어, 가물치, 잉어육 중의 무기질중 나트륨, 칼리움, 칼슘, 마그네슘 등은 분석한 9종의 무기질 총량의 $99.75{\sim}99.90%$를 차지하였으며, 양식산에서도 이들 4종의 무기질이 $99.52{\sim}99.92%$의 많은 양을 나타내었다. 또한 사료도 이들 4종의 무기질이 $99.68{\sim}99.92%$로 많았다. 3. 지질획분은 중성지질이 뱀장어, 가물치, 잉어 모두 $55.7{\sim}95.8%$로서 대부분을 차지하고 있으나 가물치는 인지질이 $24.5{\sim}41.5%$로서 뱀장어, 잉어에 비하여 많았다. 4. 천연산 및 양식산 뱀장어, 가물치, 잉어의 중성지질은 triglyceride가 $85.0{\sim}95.2%$로서 대부분을 차지하였고, 그외에 diglyceride, monoglyceride, free sterol 및 sterol ester, hydrocarbon 등이 소량 검출되었다. 5. 뱀장어와 잉어의 지질의 조성은 phosphatidyl choline이 $71.3{\sim}83.9%$로 대부분을 차지하였고 phosphatidyl ethanolamine of $12.1{\sim}23.5%$, phosphatidyl serine이 $2.1{\sim}9.8%$로 소량 확인되었다. 또한 가물치의 인지질조성은 phosphatidyl choline이 $50.7{\sim}64.5%$로서 그 함량이 뱀장어와 잉어에 비하여 다소 낮았다. phosphatidyl choline은 천연산이 양식산에 비해 그 함량이 많았으며 phosphatidyl ethanolamine 및 phosphatidyl serine은 양식산이 많았다. 6. 총지질의 지방산 조성은 뱀장어, 가물치, 잉어 모두 천연산은 $C_{16:0},\;C_{20:5}$가 많았고, 양식산에는 $C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2}\;,C_{22:6}$이 많았다. 중성지질의 지방산 조성은 총지질과 유사하였으며, 인지질은 양식산이 $C_{18:1}$과 $C_{18:2}$가 많았고, 또한 당지질은 천연산이 $C_{20:5}$와 $C_{22:6}$이, 양식산은 $C_{18:2}$가 많았다. 7. 양식어와 이들 사료중 총지질의 지방산 조성을 보면 monoene산은 사료보다 양식어쪽의 함량이 높았고, 포화산과 polyene산은 사료보다 양식어쪽이 낮은 경향이었다. 8. 천연 및 양식산 뱀장어의 아미노산 총량은 각각 $16.65\%$및 $15.99\%$로서 양자간에 거의 차이가 없었으며, 함량이 많은 것은 glutamic acid, leucine, aspartic acid, lysine 순이었다. 가물치는 천연산이 $18.06\%$이며, 양식산은 $18.52\%$이며 천연산은 glutamic acid, alanine, glycine 및 leucine은 많았으며 양식산은 aspartic acid 및 proline이 많았다. 또한 잉어는 천연산이 $16.94\%$, 양식산은 $20.95\%$로서 양식산은 glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, proline 및 alamine이 천연산에 비해 그 함량이 다소 많았으나 이외의 아미노산 함량은 큰 차이가 없었다. 9. 양식산 뱀장어의 유리아미노산은 aspartic acid가 총 유리아미노산의 약 $1.0\%$였으나 천연산은 $2.9\%$를 차지하였다. 반면 histidine, arginine 및 tyrosine등은 양식산이 천연산보다 약 2배 가량 많았다. 그러나 양식산지에 따른 유리 아미노산 조성비는 큰 차이가 없었다. 가물치의 경우 arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, methionine, phenylalanine 함량은 천연산이 양식산보다 그 함량이 많았으나 lysine, histidine, glycine 및 alanine은 그 반대였다. 천연산 잉어의 유리아미노산 중 histidne, glycine 및 lysine 함량이 총유리아미노산의 $76.9\%$를 차지하였다. lysine, histidine, aspartic acid, alanine, valine 및 leucine은 양식산에 비해 천연산의 함량이 많았으나 glycine과 tyrosine은 그 반대였다. 10. 양식 뱀장어 육중의 유리아미노산의 필수아미노산패턴과 사료중의 필수아미노산패턴과는 거의 같은 경향이었다.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.115-139
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• 2008

IMF이후 경쟁의 심화와 적대적인 경영환경에 효과적으로 대응하고자 많은 호텔기업들이 구조조정을 실시해오고 있다. 이러한 구조조정은 인력감축을 동반하기 때문에 구조조정 과정에서 공정성을 지각하는데, 인력감축에서 살아남은 생존자들이 인력감축의 절차나 실무에서 불공정성을 지각할 때 상사에 대한 신뢰감이나 조직유효성을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구는 호텔기업을 대상으로 구조조정 이후 살아남은 생존자를 대상으로 정리해고의 공정성 지각이 경영진의 신뢰, 직무만족 및 조직몰입에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 살펴보고자 하는 것이다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 실증분석을 실시한 결과 잔류종업원들은 구조조정 과정에서 절차 공정성 및 분배 공정성을 높게 지각 할수록 경영진에 대한 신뢰감과 조직 몰입이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 구조조정 과정에서 절차 공정성을 높게 지각할수록 직무만족은 높아지는 것으로 나타났지만, 분배 공정성은 직무만족과는 인과관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 구조조정 과정에서의 경영진에 대한 신뢰감이 높아질수록 직무만족이나 조직몰입은 높아지는 것으로 나타났다.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.29-73
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• 2012

승무원의 피로로 인한 항공기 사고를 방지하기 위해서는 종합적인 안전체계 구축이 필요하며 승무원에 대한 보다 과학적인 피로관리가 요구된다. 최근 ICAO, FAA, EASA는 조종사 피로관리 증진을 위하여 심층 연구와 함께 법규 개정작업을 활발히 진행하고 있다. 승무원 피로관리에 대한 국제 표준 및 권고방식 (SARPs)은 ICAO Annex 6에 근거를 두고 있다. 승무원 피로관리 관련하여 각 체약국의 적용기준의 근간이 되는 Annex 6의 피로관리 내용은 초판 발행(1969년) 이후 약 40년 동안 주목할 만한 개정 내용이 없었다. 그러나 최근 피로관리 중요성 부각과 함께, 2009년 Annex 6 33A 개정 시 근무시간 제한 추가 및 피로관리 가이드가 반영 되었고, 이어서 2011년 Annex 6 35차 개정 시 승무원에 대한 피로위험관리(FRMS) 적용 근거를 마련하는 획기적인 변화가 있었다. Annex 6에 의하면, 승무원 피로관리를 위하여 항공당국은 두 가지 기준 수립 의무가 있으며 운영자는 세 가지 적용기준 중 택일하여 준수할 의무를 가진다. 즉, 항공당국은 두 가지 ((1) 비행시간 비행근무시간 근무시간 제한 및 휴식시간 기준, (2) 피로위험관리(FRMS) 규정) 기준 수립을 해야 하고, 항공사는 항공당국이 수립한 기준을 근거로 세 가지 ((1) 비행시간 비행근무시간 근무시간 제한 및 휴식시간 기준 적용, (2) FRMS 적용 (3) 비행시간 비행근무시간 근무시간 제한 및 휴식시간 기준과 FRMS 적용 혼용) 중 택일하여 승무원 피로관리 기준을 준수한다. ICAO 동향에 맞추어 FAA는 미 의회의 'Airline Safety and FAA Extension Act of 2010' 통과로 우선 피로위험관리플랜(FRMP) 제도를 도입하였으며, 미연방항공법 개정 입법예고(NPRM)에 이어 최종 법규(Final rule)를 공포하여 2014.1.4.부터는 Flag, Domestic, Supplemental operations 시 승무원이 각각 다르게 적용하던 차이가 없어지고 동일한 기준을 적용하게 된다. 또한 EASA는 승무원 피로관리 관련하여 EASA 회원국이 준수할 진일보한 통합규정안을 입법예고(NPA)했으며 조만간 최종 법규 확정 및 적용이 예상된다. 국제민간항공협약 체약국인 한국도 상기와 같은 국제 환경 변화에 대응하여 SARPs에 입각한 제도 보완 및 항공법규에 승무원 피로관리 적용기준 마련이 불가피하다. 따라서 국제민간항공협약 Annex에서 정한 승무원 피로관리의 구체적인 내용과 발전과정을 고찰하고, 승무원 피로관리에 대한 주요 현안 및 쟁점사항에 대하여 최근 ICAO, FAA, EASA 기준을 심층 비교분석한 결과를 토대로 국내 기준 도입 방안을 제시하였다. 본 논문이 현 제도의 미흡한 부분을 보완하고 불합리한 제한기준을 과감히 삭제하는데 도움을 주고, 아울러 국제 표준 준수 및 항공안전 발전에 기여하길 기대한다. 합리적인 피로관리 기준 수립 및 이행방법에 있어 가장 중요한 요소는 모든 관계자들의 협조체계 구축을 통한 기준 도입 및 효율적인 적용이다. 항공당국은 법규 제정자나 감독관이 아닌 전문가적 조언자나 파트너로 전환해야 하며, 운영자는 다양한 피로요인 관리 필요성을 인식하고 적용하여야 하며, 승무원은 피로에 대하여 책임감을 가지고 피로관리를 해야 한다. 법규 제정자, 전문가, 과학자, 운영자, 승무원 및 노사가 상호 신뢰를 바탕으로 함께 개선코자 노력할 때 실질적인 개선 및 질적 향상을 기대할 수 있을 것이다.

• 인간행동과 음악연구
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.66-83
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• 2007

본 연구의 목적은 성악심리치료활동이 자기의식 수준 변화에 미치는 영향을 알아보고 자기의식 수준의 차이에 따라 자기보고서에 보고하는 내용이 어떻게 다른지를 알아보는 데에 있다. 본 연구는 서울시에 위치하고 있는 E 대학교에 재학 중인 여대생 3명을 대상으로 총 10회로 약 60분간 진행되었다. 연구에 참여한 이들은 음악치료 프로그램 지원자 모집에 자발적으로 지원한 자들이며, 연구에 사용된 성악심리치료 프로그램은 4단계로 구성되었다. 성악심리치료활동을 통한 대상자의 자기의식 수준 변화를 알아보기 위해 사전사후에 자기의식검사를 실시하였으며, 매 회기 성악심리치료활동을 마친 후 자기보고서를 작성하여 보고 내용의 변화를 분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 첫째로 성악심리치료활동이 자기의식검사 점수 변화에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 성악심리치료 프로그램의 실시 전후에 자기의식검사를 실시한 결과, 자기의식검사 전체 점수와 하위개념 점수가 개인별로 다른 변화를 보였다. 자기의식검사의 전체 점수와 하위개념 점수의 사전사후 점수에는 나타나지 않은 변화를 살펴보기 위해 문항별 변화를 알아본 결과, 총 28문항 중에서 대상자 A는 13개, 대상자 B는 16개, 대상자 C는 19개의 문항이 1-2점씩 변화하였다. 이는 점수의 변화율에는 나타나지 않은 결과로 위의 내용들을 종합하면, 성악심리치료활동이 자기의식검사의 하위개념 점수의 증감에 영향을 미친다는 결론을 유추할 수 있다. 둘째로는 매 회기를 마친 후 자기보고서에 보고된 내용의 분석을 통해 성악심리치료활동이 진행되는 동안 자기의식 수준의 차이에 따라 자기보고서에 보고하는 내용이 어떻게 다른지를 알아보고자 하였다. 질적 분석 결과, 자기의식의 개인차에 따라 자신을 목소리로 표현하는 것에 대한 인식, 자신의 목소리에 대한 인식, 타인이 의식되는 정도와 내용이 회기와 개인별로 다르게 나타났다. 분석된 자기보고서의 내용을 구체적으로 살펴보면, 사적자기의식 점수와 공적자기의식 점수가 상대적으로 높은 대상자 A는 자신의 내적 사고와 감정에 대한 측면을 많이 의식하고, 사회적 객체로서의 자신에게 주의를 집중하는 경향이 자기보고서에 많이 나타났다. 또한 감정적 풍부함, 예술적 호기심과 같은 긍정적 정서 경험과 함께 특성, 상태 불안, 신경증적 경향성 등의 부정적 정서도 많이 나타났다. 반면, 대상자 A와 함께 사적자기의식 점수와 공적자기의식 점수가 상대적으로 높은 B의 경우 사회적 객체로서의 자신에게 주의를 집중하는 경향은 A와 비슷하나, 다른 사람 앞에서 불안해하고 당황하는 사회불안 관련 경향이 많이 보고되었다. 마지막으로, 다른 참여자들에 비해 상대적으로 낮은 자기의식점수를 보이는 대상자 C는 대상자 A와 B에 비해 자신의 타인을 의식하는 경향이 상대적으로 적게 보고되었으며, 특성, 상태 불안과 같은 부정적 정서도 적게 보고되었다. 이 연구는 자기의식으로 인해 활성화되는 자기평가과정으로 인해 어려움을 겪는 이들을 위한 연구라는 점과 자기(Self)와 밀접하게 연관된 목소리를 주로 사용한다는 점, 그리고 기술적 어려움의 해소를 위해 성악기술훈련을 실시하였다는 점이 의미가 있다. 또한 성악심리치료활동을 통해 정신건강과 성격발달에 긍정적인 변화를 가져올 수 있다는 사실을 시사한다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.766-772
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• 2000

배경 : 압력조절환기법(pressure control ventilation mode, PCV)에서 설정된 기도압의 달성은 기도저항이 일정한 조건에서 초기 흡기 유량 (inspiratory flow)에 의해 결정되며 압력상승시간(pressure rise time) 조절은 이 흡기 유량을 변동시킨다. 압력조절환기법에서 흡기 일환기량은 흡기 시간과 흡기 시간내 평균 흡기 유량에 따라 결정되므로 압력 도달 시간을 짧게 하면 초기 유량이 많아지게 되고 따라서 흡기되는 용적이 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구는 압력조절환기 법에서 압력상승시간을 줄이는 것이 흡기 일환기량 및 가스교환을 호전시키는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 호흡부전으로 기계호흡 중인 환자 13명(58$\pm$16세, 남 : 여=7 : 6)에서 Servo 300 (Simens-Elema, Solna, Sweden) 상의 압력상승시간 10%. 5% 및 30분 간 씩 적용하고 동맥혈 검사, 혈역동학적 지표(혈압, 분당맥박수) 및 호흡 지표(일회 호흡량, 최대 흡기유량, 최대 흡기압, 평균 기도압, 기도저항, 탄성도, 호기말 이산화탄소, 동맥혈가스)를 측정하였다. 결과 : 1) 압력상승시간이 10%, 5%, 0%로 변경시 일회 호흡량은 425$\pm$94 ml, 439$\pm$101 ml, 456$\pm$106ml로 증가되었다(p<0.001). 압력상승시간 단축에 따라 평균기도압 역시 증가되었다(각각 11.2$\pm$3.7cm $H_2O$, 12.0$\pm$3.7 cm $H_2O$, 12.5$\pm$3.8 cm $H_2O$; p<0.001). 2) pH는 10% 와 5% 보다 0%에서 높았으며(각각 7.40$\pm$0.08, 7.40$\pm$0.92, 7.41$\pm$0.96 ; p<0.0), $PaCO_2$도 10%와 5%에서 보다 0%에서 낮았다(각각 47.4$\pm$15.8 mm Hg, 47.2$\pm$15.7 mm Hg, 44.6$\pm$16.2 mm Hg ; p<0.01). 결론 : 압력조절환기법에서 압력상승시간의 단축은 일환기량과 평균기도압을 증가시키고, 동맥혈이산화탄소분압 저하 및 이에 따른 pH 상승 효과가 있었다. 압력조절 환기법에서 압력상승시간은 일환기량을 조절할 수 있는 한 변수로 사료된다.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.3-13
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• 1991

발파에 의한 지반진동의 크기는 화약류의 종류에 따른 화약의 특성, 장약량, 기폭방법, 전새의 상태와 화약의 장전밀도, 자유면의 수, 폭원과 측간의 거리 및 지질조건 등에 따라 다르지만 지질 및 발파조건이 동일한 경우 특히 측점으로부터 발파지점 까지의 거리와 지발당 최대장약량 (W)간에 깊은 함수관계가 있음이 밝혀졌다. 즉 발파진동식은 $V=K{\cdot}(\frac{D}{W^b})^n{\;}{\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots}$ (1) 여기서 V ; 진동속도, cm /sec D ; 폭원으로부터의 거리, m W ; 지발 장약량, kg K ; 발파진동 상수 b ; 장약지수 R ; 감쇠지수 이 발파진동식에서 b=1/2인 경우 즉 $D{\;}/{\;}\sqrt{W}$를 자승근 환산거리(Root scaled distance), $b=\frac{1}{3}$인 경우 즉 $D{\;}/{\;}\sqrt[3]{W}$를 입방근환산거리(Cube root scaled distance)라 한다. 이 장약 및 감쇠지수와 발파진동 상수를 구하기 위하여 임의거리와 장약량에 대한 진동치를 측정, 중회귀분석(Multiple regressional analysis)에 의해 일반식을 유도하고 Root scaling과 Cube root scaling에 대한 회귀선(regression line)을 구하여 회귀선에 대한 적합도가 높은 쪽을 택하여 비교, 검토하였다. 위 (1)식의 양변에 log를 취하여 linear form(직선형)으로 바꾸어 쓰면 (2)式과 같다. log V=A+BlogD+ClogW ----- (2) 여기서, A=log K B=-n C=bn (2)식은 다시 (3)식으로 표시할 수 있다. $Yi=A+BXi_{1}+CXi_{2}+{\varepsilon}i{\;}{\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots}$(3) 여기서, $Xi_{1},{\;}Xi_{2} ;(두 독립변수 logD, logW의 i번째 측정치. Yi ; ($Xi_1,{\;}Xi_2$)에 대한 logV의 측정치 ${\varepsilon}i$ ; error term 이다. (3)식에서 n개의 자료를 (2)식의 회귀평면으로 대표시키기 위해서는 $S={\sum}^n_{i=1}\{Yi-(A+BXi_{1}+CXi_{2})\}\^2$을 최소로하는 A, B, C 값을 구하면 된다. 이 방법을 최소자승법이 라 하며 S를 최소로 하는 A, B, C의 값은 (4)식으로 표시한다. $\frac{{\partial}S}{{\partial}A}=0,{\;}\frac{{\partial}S}{{\partial}B}=0,{\;}\frac{{\partial}S}{{\partial}C}=0{\;}{\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots}$ (4) 위식을 Matrix form으로 간단히 나타내면 식(5)와 같다. [equation omitted] (5) 자료가 많아 계산과정이 복잡해져서 본실험의 정자료들은 전산기를 사용하여 처리하였다. root scaling과 Cube root scaling의 경우 각각 $logV=A+B(logD-\frac{1}{2}W){\;}logV=A+B(logD-\frac{1}{3}W){\;}\}{\;}{\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots}$ (6) 으로 (2)식의 특별한 형태이며 log-log 좌표에서 직선으로 표시되고 이때 A는 절편, B는 기울기를 나타낸다. $\bullet$ 측정치의 검토 본 자료의 특성을 비교, 검토하기 위하여 지금까지 발표된 국내의 몇몇 자료를 보면 다음과 같다. 물론, 장약량, 폭원으로 부터의 거리등이 상이하지만 대체적인 경향성을 추정하는데 참고할수 있을 것이다. 금반 총실측자료는 총 88개이지만 환산거리(5.D)와 진동속도의 크기와의 관계에서 차이를 보이고 있어 편선상 폭원과 측점지점간의 거리에 따라 l00m말만인 A지역과 l00m이상인B지역으로 구분하였다. 한편 A지역의 자료 56개중, 상하로 편차가 큰 19개를 제외한 37개자료와 B지역의 29개중 2개를 낙외한 27개(88개 자료중 거리표시가 안된 12월 1일의 자료3개는 원래부터 제외)의 자료를 computer로 처리하여 얻은 발파진동식은 다음과 같다. $V=41(D{\;}/{\;}\sqrt[3]{W})^{-1.41}{\;}{\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots}$ (7) (-100m)(R=0.69) $V=124(D{\;}/{\;}\sqrt[3]{W})^{-1.66){\;}{\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots}$ (8) (+100m)(R=0.782) 식(7) 및 (8)에서 R은 구한 직선식의 적합도를 나타내는 상관계수로 R=1인때는 모든 측정자료가 하나의 직선상에 표시됨을 의미하며 그 값이 낮을수록 자료가 분산됨을 뜻한다. 본 보고에서는 상관계수가 자승근거리때 보다는 입방근일때가 더 높기 때문에 발파진동식을 입방근($D{\;}/{\;}\sqrt[3]{W}$)으로 표시하였다. 특히 A지역에서는 R=0.69인데 비하여 폭원과 측점지점간의 거리가 l00m 이상으로 A지역보다 멀리 떨어진 B지역에서는 R=0.782로 비교적 높은 값을 보이는 것은 진동성분중 고주파성분의 상당량이 감쇠를 당하기 때문으로 생각된다.