• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.75-93
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to extract keywords for 'startup' and 'entrepreneurship' from Naver news articles in Korea since 1990 and Google news articles in foreign countries, and to understand the changes in the meaning of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship in each era It is aimed at doing. In summary, first, in terms of the frequency of keywords, venture sprouting is a sample of the entrepreneurial spirit of the government-led and entrepreneurs' chairman, and various technology investments and investments in corporate establishment have been made. It can be seen that training for the development of items and items was carried out, and in the case of the venture re-emergence period, it can be seen that the youth-oriented entrepreneurship and innovation through the development of various educational programs were emphasized. Second, in the result of vocabulary network analysis, the network connection and centrality of keywords in the leap period tended to be stronger than in the germination period, but the re-leap period tended to return to the level of germination. Third, in topic analysis, it can be seen that Naver keyword topics are mostly business-related content related to support, policy, and education, whereas topics through Google News consist of major keywords that are more specifically applicable to practical work.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.417-429
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• 2003

Abnormal oceanic conditions associated with the passage of typhoons are examined using hydrographic and satellite data 1990-2002. During the passage period of typhoons in the Korean waters, an abrupt decrease of sea surface temperature (SST) in range of 5 to $8^{\circ}C$ was observed. The areas of SST decrease were an order of 100-200 km, and the low SST lasted about 15-25 days after passage of typhoon. After passage of typhoon, the water temperatures in the surface mixed layer of 30 m show negative anomalies for quite a long period. In addition, stratification parameters were substantially decreased and chlorophyll a density was rapidly increased.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2004

A complete understanding of the epidemiological factors required for optimum for disease development facilitates the design of effective and reliable screening techniques and also disease prediction models. An attempt was made to study the effects of different temperatures ($15-35^{\circ}C$) and leaf wetness periods (4-24 h) on the development of late leaf spot (LLS) in three groundnut genotypes differing in their susceptibility to LLS infection. Irrespective of the genotype, the disease progress evaluated based on different components of resistance was maximum between $15-20^{\circ}C$ and minimum between $20-25^{\circ}C$. At temperatures $\geq$$30^{\circ}C$, LLS development was insignificant. The overall severity of LLS increased with an increase in the leaf wetness period from 4 h to 12 h a day. Further increase of wetness period to 16 h resulted in a rapid increase in the severity. Thereafter, the disease severity gradually decreased with an increase in the wetness period. The effect of temperature and wetness periods on the individual component of disease quantification was not uniform compared between genotypes with different levels of susceptibility/resistance to LLS infection. The results of this study indicate that temperature and leaf wetness period are critical in late leaf spot screening programs since the expression of disease symptoms measured from disease initiation till defoliation, varied differently in the test genotypes with respect to change in these two parameters.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.81-84
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• 2002

Effects of temperature and dew period on sporulation of a mycoherbicide, Epicoccosorus nematosporus, on the lesion of its host, Eleocharis kuroguwai were determined. Conidia formation was first observed after 10 days on plants incubated for either 12 or 16 h in a dew chamber at 28$^{\circ}C$; 16 h dew period resulted in more conidia formation. As the dew period was decreased to less than 8 h, fewer conidia formed. Conidial production was most abundant at 28$^{\circ}C$ and produced as much as 3.3$\times$10$^4$conidia per lesion, while 0.1$\times$10$^3$and 2.3$\times$10$^3$conidia per lesion were produced at 16$^{\circ}C$ and 36$^{\circ}C$, respectively. Alternating temperature regimes, i.e., 30/15, 30/20, 28/20, and 28/15$^{\circ}C$ (day/night) were much better than constant temperature, i.e., 30/30, 28/28/, and 20/2$0^{\circ}C$ for sporulation. In the second sporulation, there were as much as 3.1$\times$10$^4$conidia per lesion (ca. <50% of the first sporulation). Then, sporulation dropped sharply to 6.2$\times$10$^2$conidia per lesion in the third sporulation. Results of this study suggest that temperature combined with dew period is the primary limiting factor in the use of E. nematosporus as a mycoherbicide off, kuroguwai.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.157-160
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• 2007

Nymph of the emma field cricket, Teleogryllus emma, were reared on several types of artificial diets. The development period of nymphs were 55.4 days when only a single food, wheat bran, was provided, and it did not show a significant difference compared to the rearing results of the Danong diet and mixed diet. The supplying period of fish meal as the animal feed, the high emergence rates were obtained at 3rd instar with 90% and 4th instar with 100%. For the added amount test, when more than 40% of the diet was added, it confirmed that the insect weight increased. The characteristics of development according to each added amount of the vegetable food (dry bean-curd residue and corn powder) were investigated to minimize the dangers of the degeneration of diet when rearing with a single feed during the $1st{\sim}3rd$ instar period. First, as the added amount of bean-curd residue increased, nymphal development period became longer and the emergence rate became low. With corn powder as the single diet, all died before becoming adult. However, when corn powder was added up to 30%, no difference existed in the breeding results.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2009

High-rise and high-density apartment complexes have been built and supplied on a large scale in the 1st period New Town of metropolitan areas since the late 1980s. Recently it has become necessary to improve those apartment complexes which have blight problems for aging more than about 20 years accompanying simultaneity and a large scale. The purpose of this study is to analyze actual conditions of high-rise and high-density apartments in a view of sustainable regeneration. The contents and methods of this study are as follows. First, the concept of high-rise and high-density in domestic apartment developments were identified through review of literature and the law. Second, development conditions of Bundang new town and 1st period new town were studied. Third, the evelopment conditions of high-rise and high-density apartments in cases of 6 apartment complexes were analyzed from points of view of sustainable development by literature review and a field study. The results of this study are as follows. First, high-density range in domestic apartments can be conceptualized as 600 persons/ha. High-rise range in domestic apartments can be onceptualized as more than 11 stories under 30 stories. Second, characteristics and subjects based on actual conditions analysis could suggest on physio-environmental aspect and socio-economic aspect. Major characteristics and subjects of the physio-environmental aspect were 1.satisfaction of convenient facilities and public transportation service, 2.shortage of parking space, 3.uniform & blight of community facilities, 4.uniformed building layout, and 5.uniform pattern of unit plan and low flexibility by the bearing wall structure. And those of the socio-economical aspect were 1.satisfaction of current community, 2.increase and diversity of needs of the elderly by socio-demography change, 3.improvement of size and method of apartment complex development and 4.raising of economic-sufficiency.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.201-204
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• 1985

The author reared the bandwinged grasshoppers, Oedaleus infernalis infernalis in the growth cabinet controlled as temperature of 25。C and 30。C under the conditiion of photoperiod 16L:8D, light intensity 510$\pm$240lux, relative humidity 65$\pm$3%. The results are summarized as follows: The female has six instars and male five instars. The larva reared in the temperature of 25。C died at the second larva stage, and the development to the third instar was impossible. The developmental periods of the egg stage of both sexes in the 30。C are 24.06 days. In the larval development periods, the fourth statge (19.73 days) was longer than that of any stage, and the second stage has the shortest period (9.9 days) in female. In male, the developmental period (9.59 days). The total developmental periods of female and male from the egg to the fifth instar were approximately 95.02 and 95.04 days, respectively. The total developmental period of female was as long as the period (15.75 days) of sixth instar which is not in the male. The survivorship curve in the temperature of 30。C shows concave type.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2018

본 연구는 기온에 따른 봄배추 '춘광'의 재배 적기를 밝혀 농가에 적정 재배시기를 제공하기 위해서 수행되었다. 기온이 외기보다 $6^{\circ}C$까지 단계적으로 상승하도록 설계된 온도구배 터널을 3개의 구역(외기+$2^{\circ}C$, A; 외기+$4^{\circ}C$, B; 외기+$6^{\circ}C$, C)으로 나눈 후 작기(2017.3.6., 1차; 3.20., 2차; 4.3., 3차)에 걸쳐 정식하였다. 재배기간 동안의 생육도일(growing degree days, GDDs)은 1차 A, 1차 B, 2차 A, 1차 C, 2차 B, 3차 A, 2차 C, 3차 B, 3차 C 순으로 높았다. 구중은 1차 B, 1차 C, 2차 A 처리구에서 높게 나타나 처리간 높은 유의적 차이를 보였으나 생태적인 특성(엽수, 엽면적, 최대엽의 엽장 및 엽폭 등)은 차이가 없었다. 다만, 생육초기 $13^{\circ}C$ 이하의 저온에 감응하였던 결과로 1차 A 처리구에서 5.5%의 추대현상이 발생하였다. 또한 2차 C, 3차 A, B, 및 C 처리구에서 기온이 높아짐에 따라 각각 11.0, 5.5, 33.3, 및 44.4%의 속썩음 현상이 발생하였다. GDDs에 따른 배추 구중은 587 GDDs까지 증가하다 729 GDDs 이후에는 오히려 감소하였다. GDDs에 따른 배추 수량과 적정 재배시기 예측식에서 최대 기대수량은 정식 후 64일 기준 GDDs가 601일 때 16.3MT/10a이었다. 최대 수량의 95%(약 15.5MT/10a) 이상을 재배 적기로 설정할 때 적정 범위는 478~724 GDDs로 산출되었다. 재배적기 예측식의 검증 결과, 봄배추 주산지인 진도, 해남, 나주, 서산, 평택의 GDDs는 각각 634, 619, 666, 652, 및 719이었고, 예측식에서 산출된 범위(478~724 GDDs)에 포함되었다. 결과적으로 봄배추의 재배 최적기는 예측식의 최대값인 수확기준 601 GDDs이며 적정 범위는 호냉성인 온도 특성을 감안하여 478~724 GDDs인 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.171-178
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• 1998

느타리버섯 재배시 많은 피해를 주는 검정날개파리류(Sciarid fly), Beadysia sp.의 생육에 미치는 온도의 영향을 조사하였다. 고시충은 PDA배지상에 원형느타리(Pleurotus ostreatus)균주를 접종하여 버섯균이 자란 배지와, water agar배지에서 사육하며 관찰을 수행하였다. 온도에 따른 발육기간을 보면 10, 15, 20, 25, $25^{\circ}C$에서 난기간은 각각 12.1, 7.0, 4.4, 3.4, 3.2일이었고 유충기간은 38.3, 26.5, 13.4, 12.7일, 용기간은 10.4, 7.1, 4.4, 3.3, 3.2일로 한세대를 경과하는데 온도에 따른 차이가 컸고 총발육기간은 60.8일, 40.6일, 22.2일, 19.9일 19.1일이었다. 이결과를 토대로 계산된 발육영점온도는 난 $3.8^{\circ}C$, 유충 1.2$^{\circ}C$, 용은 $3.1^{\circ}C$였고, 유효적산온도는 난 74.8일도, 유충 321.8일도, 용이 76.5일도였다. 성충의 수명은 각 온도에서 수컷은 13.3, 7.8, 5.9, 4.1, 3.4일, 암컷의 경우 각각 10.4, 7.0, 4.2, 3.0, 3.3일이었고 성비의 경우에는 각 온도에서 암컷보다 수컷이 2배정도 많이 발생하였다. 온도에 따른 산란수를 보면 각 온도에서 106.9, 129.7, 131.8, 86.9, 82.7개 암컷 한 마리가 대략 100여개의 알을 산란하는 것으로 나타났고 부화율은 각 온도에서 76.1, 80.2, 81.6, 61.2, 54.5%로 $15~20^{\circ}C$온도에서 부화율이 좋았다. 우화율의 경우에도 15, $20^{\circ}C$에서 74.6%, 77.1%로 가장 좋았고 $10^{\circ}C$에서 61.2%, 25, 28$^{\circ}C$에서 43.1%, 65%로 느타리버석의 적정재배온도인 $20^{\circ}C$내외에서 검정날개파리류(Sciarid fly) , Bradusia sp.의 생육도 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.65-76
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• 2001

Field data have been recorded as the time to failure or the number of failure of systems. We consider the time to failure and covariate variables in some pre-specified follow-up or warranty period. This paper aims to investigate study on the reliability estimation when some additional field data can be collected within-warranty period or after-warranty period. A various likelihood-based methods are outlined and examined for exponential or Weibull distribution.