• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.41-58
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to develop plans for activating the 4-H clubs in Korea. Data for this study were collected from 125 members in 4-H clubs and 140 extension educators who participated in 4-H activity. Total of 265 responses were analyzed after data screening. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS) for Windows for the personal computer were used to analyze the data. Frequency, percentage, ANOVA, and LSD test for post-hoc interpretation were employed to analyze the data with a statistical significance level of .05. Based on the conclusions of this study, following recommendations were offered: To activate rural youth organizations, especially 4-H clubs in Korea the following measures should be included in the plans for activation; 1) To classify membership into student and non-student clubs to focus on the needs of active members; 2) To establish clear objectives for club activities; 3) To enhance field-oriented operation of clubs; 4) To develop various activity programs that members could be fascinated; 5) To promote subject matter specialists in order to support club activities effectively; and 6) To clarify functions and roles of extension service centers and non-governmental organizations in order to support club activites.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 1994

The relationships between microbial activity and physico-KDICical characteristics of soils were investigated in three golf courses of Kwanak, Gold and Korea Country Clubs, with different open years. The soil samples were collected in tee, fairway and rough. There were ranges of 4.80-5.55 in pH, $25.55-98.50{\mu}S$ / cm in conductivity, 10.96-16.73% in moisture content, 0.18-0.36g / g in water holding capacity, 3.68-5.39% in organic matter, and 0.10-0.25% in total nitrogen. Dehydrogenase activity(DHA) as an index of soil microbial activity was determined. DHA values of soil were $69.83-314.43{\mu}$g / g in three courses and showed the order of Kwanak>Gold>Korea Country Club with open year. This indicates that DHA was affected by several fertilizer treatments rather than herbicide and pesticide treatments. DHA was significantly different with golf clubs as well as golf courses and positively correlated with water holding capacity and total nitrogen.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2002

The objectives of this study were to explore to upbringing system for the future farmers of the 4-H Clubs, future farmers organization and the Center for 4-H in the USA to suggest some implications to 4-H programs in Korea. To train future leaders in agricultural and agri-business areas leaders in the United States felt the need to create various organizations such as 4-H Club, Future Farmers of America (FFA), Young Farmer Association (YFA), and cooperate each other. The members in future farmer's groups benefit from opportunities and involvement of farming and agri-related activities and contribute to improve their communities. One of them, the 4-H Club remains strong in the country covering young people as members and adult as volunteer leaders. Youth in 4-H learn by doing, and members find opportunities for leadership. 4-H members contribute to their family, community, and country in meaningful ways to make a difference. The Center for 4-H has provided a range of challenging opportunities around the arts, sciences, environment, technology, business, animals, foods, and health while always stressing leadership and citizenship for 4-H members. The Center has been supporting research, teaching, and outreach in community based non-formal youth development education. The Center is particularly interested in youth development opportunities including foster resiliency, promote safe and healthy behaviors, and support youth in communities in various ways.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.89-104
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• 2021

Based on the TF-IDF weighted value that evaluates the importance of words that play a key role, the semantic network analysis(SNA) was conducted on the self-introduction letter of freshman at Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries(KNCAF) in 2020. The top three words calculated by TF-IDF weights were agriculture, mathematics, study (Q. 1), clubs, plants, friends (Q. 2), friends, clubs, opinions, (Q. 3), mushrooms, insects, and fathers (Q. 4). In the relationship between words, the words with high betweenness centrality are reason, high school, attending (Q. 1), garbage, high school, school (Q. 2), importance, misunderstanding, completion (Q.3), processing, feed, and farmhouse (Q. 4). The words with high degree centrality are high school, inquiry, grades (Q. 1), garbage, cleanup, class time (Q. 2), opinion, meetings, volunteer activities (Q.3), processing, space, and practice (Q. 4). The combination of words with high frequency of simultaneous appearances, that is, high correlation, appeared as 'certification - acquisition', 'problem - solution', 'science - life', and 'misunderstanding - concession'. In cluster analysis, the number of clusters obtained by the height of cluster dendrogram was 2(Q.1), 4(Q.2, 4) and 5(Q. 3). At this time, the cohesion in Cluster was high and the heterogeneity between Clusters was clearly shown.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.7
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• pp.233-285
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• 2004

‘Defined legally as a violation of law' (Sutherland, E. H. Principles of Criminology, Lippincott, Chicago, 1939) Crime within the group is essentially and primarily antisocial in that the criminal who is welfare of his group acts instead against it and breaks the principles of social solidarity not merely by not doing what these principles prescribe, but by doing something exactly opposites. Any program set up to attack crime and delinquent behavior at their sources. A program of his nature needs the constant and comprehensive collaboration of psychiatrists, social works, educations, lawmakers, and public officials, since crime is a social problem and it should be treated as such. Some crime preventives which should be mentioned are as follows, (1) The insurance that every child will be decently born and that his home life be socially and economically adequate; without socially mature parents the chid is handicapped at the start; thus parental education, integrated with the public school system, should be developed now. (2) A more meaningful educational program which would emphasize ideals of citizenship, moral integrity, and respect for the law and the police. (3) A periodic check made for potential delinquents throughout the public schools and treatment provided if possible; and if not, proper segregation in institutions. (4) Careful attention paid to press, movies, and radio so that crime may no longer appear to be glamorous. This can be done by women's clubs, civic bodies, and other educational groups exerting pressure on the movie syndicates and broadcasting companies to free their productions of the tawdry and lurid characteristics of crime and criminals. Aggression associated with the phallic stage of development, The child ordinarily comprehends sexual intercourse as an aggressive and sadistic act on the part of the male, and specifically on the part of the penis. Evidence that the penis is phantasied as a weapon of violence and destruction come from unconscious productions of normal adults. Limerick, for instance, often refer to the penis as square, or too large, etc., so that intercourse is dangerous and painful for the partner, This may wall be a projection of the male's own fear of coitus. A certain portion of the death-instinct always remains within the person; it is called 'primal sadism' and according to Freud is identical with masochism. 'After the chief part of it(the death instinct) has been directed outwards towards objects, there remains as a residuum within the organism the true erotogenic masochism, which on the one hand becomes a component of the libido and on the other still has the subject itself for a object.' Criminalism, compulsive-neurotic frequent repetition of criminal acts in a compulsive manner. Like most symptoms of the compulsive-neurotic, such antisocial act are closely rated to feelings of hostility and aggression, often against the father. Because these acts are symptomatic, they afford only temporary relief and are therefore repeated. One patient with compulsive-neurotic criminalism was apprehended after breaking into hardware store and stealing money. He later confessed to many similar incidents over the preceding two years. At the same time it was apparent that he stole only for the sake of stealing. He did not need the money he thus obtained and had no special plans for using it.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.105-130
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• 1981

This study was conducted to compare the characteristics of high performane areas for family planning with that of low performance areas and to find factors which strongly affected contraceptive practice behavior. For the study, eight areas were selected from 274 rural family planning canvassing areas of Korean Population Policy and Program Evaluation Study, which was an action study operated in all areas of Cheju Island from July 1, 1976 until December 31,1979. As a first step of the action study, Cheju Island was devided up 318 family planning canvasser areas Each area was consisted of 200 households in rural district and 300 households in urhan one Duriog the period of project, each canvassing area had been managed by a female family planning canvasser, selected by director of health center considering several individual conditions needed for family planning activities Basic activities of canvassers were to counsell all the eligihie couples in own charged area about family planning methods and also to distribute contraceptives such as condoms and oral pills. In case couples desire to accept sterilization including vasectomy and tubal-ligation, the canvassers played a linking role connecting potential client with family planning field workers. Canvassng areas shows significant differentce in performance for family planning, nevertheless they are supposed to have almost the same conditions regarding family planning distribution channel. Because the purpose of the Cheju project was to eliminate all the problems that existed in governmental distribution system, that is to remove geographic, economic, cognitive and administrative barriers Accumulated performances of family planning methods accepted by residents in each area were calculated by eligible women aged 14-49. And then canvassing areas were ranked according to performance score. Consequently, 4 areas in extremely high and low family planning performance areas were selected respectively. Major results were obtained by comparing characteristics of high performance area with that of low performance areas, which are as follows: 1. The mean number of living children was about the same both in high and low performance areas for family planning. But respondents' mean age (38.5) in high performance areas was higher than that (37.0) in low performance areas 2. Respondents' perception in the expectant educational level of others' children in high performance areas was higher than that in low performance areas, although respondents educational level, monthly expenditure and ratio of children in high school and above was not different. 3. Ratio of ownerships of TV and newspaper in high performance areas was highen than that in low performance areas 4. The duration of canvasser' charge in high performance areas was longer than that of low performance areas, showing the fact that canvassers didn't move cut in high performance areas 5. In high performance areas, canvassers' houses were relatively located in the center part of the village. And so villagers resided in near distances from the anvasser's house 6. 4H clubs' activities in high performance areas were more active than those in low performance areas Therefore it was assumed that cohesiveness of community in high performance areas were stronger than that in low areas. 7. Canvassers' family planning practice rate was higher than that in low performance areas, and also canvassers' human relationship was more sociable than that of canvassers in low performance areas. 8. Fourteen variables which showed relatively high significance level in $X^2$ and F test were selected as independent variables for stepwise regression analysis. According to the results of regression analysis. five of 14 variables-distributors education level ($R^2$=.4439), duration of distributor's charge ($R^2$=.6166), 4H club activities ($R^2$=.6697), canvasser's contraceptive practice ($R^2$=.7377) and location of distributions house ($R^2$=.8010) explained 80.1 percent of total variance.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.354-363
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• 2012

The study was conducted to determine bio-markers and establish shelf-life for eggs and egg products. The selected biomarkers were measured storage period according to samples (two months for table eggs and two weeks for whole liquid eggs) and five storage temperatures ($10^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, $35^{\circ}C$ and $45^{\circ}C$). The bio-markers for table eggs determined pH, acid value, VBN (volatile basic nitrogen), HU (Haugh unit), aerobic plate counts, coliform group, and Salmonella sp. The bio-markers for whole liquid eggs excluded HU in the bio-markers of eggs. The shelf-life of table eggs observed as 42 d at $10^{\circ}C$, 27 d at $15^{\circ}C$, 9 d at $25^{\circ}C$, 2 d at $35^{\circ}C$, and 1 d at $45^{\circ}C$ in sensory overall acceptability. The shelf-life of pasteurized whole liquid eggs observed as 7 d at $10^{\circ}C$, 3 d at $15^{\circ}C$, 2 d at $25^{\circ}C$, 1 d at $35^{\circ}C$, and less than one d at $45^{\circ}C$ in total plate count. The shelf-life of non- pasteurized whole liquid eggs observed as 4 d at $10^{\circ}C$, 2 d at $15^{\circ}C$, 1 d at $25^{\circ}C$, and less than 1 d at $35^{\circ}C$ and $45^{\circ}C$ in total plate count.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.171-184
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• 1993

In Seoul area, there are so many kennel clubs, veterinary hospital, pet establishment and breeding confers that various problems have occurred. They are crowed pet houses, poor sanitation, stress to puppies, sudden environmental changes to puppies and unvaccination against parvovirus, canine distemper virus, parainfluenza virus, infectious hepatitis caused by Adenovirus type I and Leptospira. Several studies were made to survey the infectious agents involved in acute diarrhea of poppies in Seoul are, such as history taking, physical examination, complete blood count and serum chemistry, histopathological finding, bacterial isolation and identification, and hemagglutination test in feces and hemagglutination inhibition test in serum against parvovirus, respectively. The results obtained are summarized as followed. 1. The percent of PCV (30.5$\pm$5.6) and concentration of Total protein(5.0$\pm$0.8) resulted from statistical analysis are significantly lower than normal values (p<0.05), respectively. In addition, fibrinogen (505$\pm$326) was significantly higher an normal value (p<0.001), Band neutrophil (22.9$\pm$12.7) showed signifiant difference (P<0.01). decreased monocyte (3.2$\pm$2.1) and eosinophil (0.7$\pm$0.8) values appeared statistically significant (p<0.001), lymphocyte (16.7$\pm$9), as well. 2. The concentrations of calcium .(8.0$\pm$2.8), glucose (40.1$\pm$31.4), and albumin (2.0$\pm$0.39) were lower than normal values (p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.001), respectively. Also Inorganic phosphate (7.1$\pm$2.4), pH (p<7.9f:0.2), and Blood Urea Nitrogen (40.41=37.1) were significantly higher than normal values (p<0.001, p(0.001, p<0.05), respectively. 3. Simple and mixed infections occupied 18% and 82% in the distribution of causes in puppies with acute diarrhea, respectively. 4. As puppies got older, incidence of acute diarrhea caused by Staphylococcus aureus was decreased to 13% and infection of canine distemper virus was increased to 53%, but E coli and canine parvovirus always showed high frequency of outbreak in the body weight ranged from 35g to 7.8Kg. 5. As showed in table 5, infections of E coli and Canine Parvovirus showed high outbreak regardless of the age which is classified into three stages, 35~50 day, 60 day and 75~day to 1 year, canine distemper virus appeared increased, but in case of Staphylococcus aureus, visa versa. 6. In comparison wi methods for the laboratory diagnosis diagnosis parvovirus, Hemagglutination test showed positive reaction in 25% and mean serum antibody titer measured by Hemagglutination inhibition test showed 2779 (n=20). In addition, positive reaction was 90% (18/20). 7. In histopathological studies, enteritic and pneumonic lesions were indicated in 53.7% and 39.5% of samples, respectively. 8. Etiologic diagnosis based on the history taking, clinical signs and histopathological findings in puppies with acute diarrhea and vomiting indicated that 50% of puppies were infected by canine parvovirus and distemper virus. 9. In the parasitological examination made by simple flotation with saturated zinc sulfate tour parasites found were Isospora canis, Toxocara canis, Ancylostoma spp and Toxocara spp. Isospora canis and Toxocara canis were more frequently found among those parasites of diarrhoeic causes in puppies ranged from 35 days to 1 year. Their infestation rates were 15% and 13% respectively.