• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.271-276
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• 2003

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D4, which produces a strongly fibrinolytic enzyme, was isolated from Chungkook-Jang, a traditional Korean soybean-fermented food. B. amyloliquefaciens D4 was mutated with N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) to yield a series of mutants with increasing levels of fibrinolytic enzyme production. After mutation, a mutant D4-7 was obtained with fibrinolytic activity about eight times stronger than the parent strain. The fibrinolytic activity of B. amyloliquefaciens D4-7, reached a maximum, when the producer was cultivated in 2% Isolated Soy Protein (ISP) broth for 48 h at $37^{\circ}C$. Compared to commercial fibrinolytic enzymes, the cell-free culture supernatant of B. amyloliquefaciens D4-7 showed stronger activity than plasmin and streptokinase. The optimum temperature and pH were $50^{\circ}C$ and 10.0 and thermostability was increased by the addition of glycerol, glucose, and NaCl.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.413-431
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• 2011

An Epithemal Au-Ag mineralized zone is developed in the Moisan area of Hwangsan-myeon, Haenam-gun, Jeol-lanam-do, Korea, which is located in the southwestern part of the Ogcheon metamorphic zone. It is hosted in the Hwangsan volcaniclastics of the Haenam Formation of the Late Cretaceous Yucheon Group. This research investigated the characteristics of bedding arrangement, fold, fault, fracture system, quartz vein and the time-relationship of the fracture system to understand the geological structure related to the formation of the mineralized zone. On the basis of this result, the tectonic environment at the time of the mineralization was considered. Beds mainly trend east-northeast and gently dip into north-northwest or south-southeast. Their poles have been rearranged by subhorizontal-upright open fold of (east)-northeast trend as well as dip-slip fault. Fracture system was formed through at least 6~7 different deformation events. D1 event; formation phase of the main fracture set of EW (D1-1) and NS (D1-2) trends with a good extensity, D2 event; that of the extension fracture of NW trend, and conjugate shear fracturing of the EW (dextral) and NS (sinistral) trends, D3 event; that of the extension fracture of NE trend, and conjugate shear refracturing of the EW (sinistral) and NS (dextral) trends, D4 event; that of the extension fracture of NS trend showing a poor extensity, D5 event; that of the extension fracture of NW trend, and conjugate shear refracturing of the EW (dextral) and NS (sinistral) trends, D6 event; that of the extension fracture of EW trend showing a poor extensity. Frequency distribution of fracture sets of each deformation event is D1-1 (19.73 %)> D1-2 (16.44 %)> D3=D5 (14.79 %)> D2 (13.70 %)> D4 (12.33 %)> D6 (8.22 %) in descending order. The average number of fracture sets within 1 meter at each deformation event is D6 (5.00)> D5 = D4 (4.67)> D2 (4.60)> D3 (4.13)> D1-1 (3.33)> D1-2 (2.83) in descending order. The average density of all fractures shows 4.20 fractures/1 m, that is, the average spacing of all fractures is more than 23.8 cm. The frequency distribution of quartz veins at each orientation is as follows: EW (52 %)> NW (28 %)> NS (12 %)> NE (8 %) trends in descending order. The average density of all quartz veins shows 4.14 veins/1 m, that is, the average spacing of all quartz veins is more than 24.2 cm. Microstructural data on the quartz veins indicate that the epithermal Au-Ag mineralization (ca. 77.9~73.1 Ma) in the Moisan area seems to occur mainly along the existing D1 fracture sets of EW and NS trends with a good extensity not under tectonic stress but non-deformational environment directly after epithermal rupture fracturing. The D1 fracturing is considered to occur under the unstable tectonic environment which alternates compression and tension of NS trend due to the oblique northward subduction of the Izanagi plate resulting in the igneous activity and deformation of the Yucheon Group and the Bulguksa igneous rocks during Late Cretaceous time.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.278-280
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• 1994

1,5-diketones(3) undewent cyclization to 4H-pyrano[3,2-d]pyrazoles (4a-d),4H-piperidino[3, 2-d]pyrazole (5) and pyrazolo[5,4-d]thiopyran (6) upon treatment with P/sub 2/O/sub 5/, CH/sub 3/COONH/sub 4/ and /or P/sub 2/S/sub 5/. Moreover, treatment of (4) with CH/sub 3/COONH/sub 4/ and/or P/sub 2/S/sub 5/ afforded (5) and (6). The structures of the hitherto unknown ring systems have been confirmed by analytical and spectral data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.406-409
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• 2003

In this paper, a 4-wavelength optical transceiver system is designed and implemented by using TFF (thin film filter) type OADMs (optical add-drop multiplexers). In this new system, the wavelengths of 1510 nm and 1530 nm are used for uploa and download signals, respectively, as well as the wavelengths of 1550 nm and 1310 nm which have been utilized in a 2-wavelength optical transceiver systems. The 4-wavelength optical module show pass characteristics of -1.6 dBm, -1.7 dBm, -5.6 dBm, -5.8dBm for 1510nm, 1530 nm, 1550 nm, 1570 nm, respectively, with 1.2 dBm of input laser power. The isolation for characteristics of the optical module for all the wavelengths are less than -40dB, which is very acceptable for filed requirements.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.82-89
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• 2003

This study was carried out to find the suitable root-ball size for the planting construction of landscape trees. Surveyed trees for this study were Cercidiphyllum japonicum and Prunus yedoensis, and the root-ball size was classified into 3D, 4D, 5D, and 6D(D meaning the diameter at the base of a tree). Visual ratings on a scale of 1 to 9 were used as a means for measuring the regrowth strength after planting tested trees. Test trees with 3, 4, 5 and 6D root-ball size were planted on March. 16, 2002 and visual ratings were measured up to April. 30, 2003. Cercidiphyllum japonicum and Prunus yedoensis started showing a difference in regrowth by each rootball size a month after planting. The regrowth quality of Cercidiphyllum japonicum was low at 3D, medium at 4∼5D and high at 6D root-ball size, while the regrowth quality of Prunus yedoensis was low at 3∼4D and medium-high at 5∼6D root-ball size. According to the above results, a root-ball size for good regrowth quality was a little bit different between Cercidiphyllum japonicum and Prunus yedoensis. 4D of Cercidiphyllum japonicum and 5D of Prunus yedoensis could be guidelines for root-ball diameters at the base of trees when planting. However, we concluded that 4D∼5D root-ball is the optimum guideline for regrowth when adapting this guideline to all landscape trees with 8∼l0cm diameter at the base.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.50-57
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• 2019

In pediatric thoracic CT, respiratory motion is generally treated as a motion artifact degrading the image quality. Conversely, respiratory motion in the thorax can be used to answer important clinical questions, that cannot be assessed adequately via conventional static thoracic CT, by utilizing four-dimensional (4D) CT. However, clinical experiences of 4D thoracic CT are quite limited. In order to use 4D thoracic CT properly, imagers should understand imaging techniques, radiation dose optimization methods, and normal as well as typical abnormal imaging appearances. In this article, the imaging techniques of pediatric thoracic 4D CT are reviewed with an emphasis on radiation dose. In addition, several clinical applications of pediatric 4D thoracic CT are addressed in various thoracic functional abnormalities, including upper airway obstruction, tracheobronchomalacia, pulmonary air trapping, abnormal diaphragmatic motion, and tumor invasion. One may further explore the clinical usefulness of 4D thoracic CT in free-breathing children, which can enrich one's clinical practice.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.344-349
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• 1981

This study was conducted to define the effect of 2.4-D, NAA, Benzyladenine, and basic mediums on the callus induction and the organ differentiation from the meristem tips and the stem and leaf segments of the potato. Benzyladenine promoted the induction and growth of shoot from the meristem tip of potato but inhibited initiation of roots and induction of callus. At higher concentration of NAA than 0.5 ppm and of 2.4-D than 1.0 ppm the shoots were not initiated but the callus was induced from the meristem. The callus growth was significantly promoted on the medium containing NAA than 2.4-0. The initiation and growth of the shoots from the potato meristem was significantly increased in the medium containing 2.4-D and BA, or NAA and BA, compared with those containing BA, NAA or 2.4-D alone. The callus was more easily induced from the stem segments than the leaf segments of potato. And the 2.4-D was more effective for the induction and growth of the callus than the NAA. MS medium diluted its concentration to 1/2 was more suitable for the initiation and growth of the shoots from the potato meristem than the MS standard medium. For the initiation and growth of the shoots from the potato meristem, the most desirable medium was the diluted MS medium containing 1.0 ppm BA and 0.1 ppm NAA or 0.1 ppm 2.4-D.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 1996

The caffeic acid, 4-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl caffeic acid, 4-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-$\rho$-coumaric acid and 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucuronide of ($\pm$)-eriodictyol have been isolated from the root of Vitis thunbergii var. sinuata. The structures of compounds were determined by chemical and spectroscopic methods.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.270-276
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• 1999

Production of stress shock proteins in Burkholderia cepacia YK-2 in response to the phenoxyherbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D) as an environmental contaminant was investrigated. The stress schock proteins were synthesized at different 2,4-D concentrations in exponentially growing cultures of B. capacia YK-2. This response involved the production of 43kDa and 41kDa GroEL proteins. The proteins were characterized by SDS-PAGE and Western blot using the anti-DnaK nad anti-GroEL monoclonal antibodies. Total stress shock proteins were analyzed by 2-D PAGE. Survival of B. cepacia YK-2 with time in the presence of different concentrations of 2,4-D was monitored, and viable counts paralleled the production of the stress shock proteins in this bacterium.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.559-562
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• 2006

Existing 4D systems are using the 1:1 link system that directly links a schedule and a 3D model object. But considering that plant facility includes various kinds of schedule and 3D model object, this study suggests an improved link methodology of multi-selected objects and two-way link system for minimizing link errors which generated in case of multi-selected objects. For the link system, this study introduces a new concept called as interface board. Interface board can be used as an information center for representing all information of link items in the current project. It may be expected that 4D model can build an effective and rapid link system of plant project by this new approach.