• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.147-154
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• 2006

1. Objectives This study was aimed to evaluate marker substances in Gamijowi-tang by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) 2. Methods The seperation was performed an AquasilC18(4.6X250mm)column by gradient elution with 0.1N H3PO4 in H2O - acetonitrile(0min 100:10,20min60:40, 40min 80:20, 60min 100:0) as the mobile phase at a flow-rate of 1.0 ml/min with detection at 190-800nm 3. Results Ephedrine and schizandrin were established as marker substances in Gamijowi-tang and its qualitative analysis was carried out. Analyzed was similarity of marker substances between in standard article and in Gamijowi-tang. The result of the analysis was that ephedrine and schizadrin showed 0.9999 of similarity, which meant they were really ephedrine and schizadrin. In addition, ephedrin content was 12.16mg, pseudoephedrine conrenr was 5.09mg, and schizandrin content was 26.6mg in 76g of Gamijowi-tang. 4. Conclusions Qualitative and quantitative analyses of ephedrine and schizandrin in Gamijowi-tang were conducted, and it was identified thar they could be used as marker substances in standardizing quality of Gamijowi-rang.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.45-54
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• 2004

Objectives : This study was aimed to evaluate marker substances in Gami-Honghwa-Tang (KH-19) by high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Gami-Honghwa-Tang is composed of nine crude herbs, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix, Corni Fructus, Moutan Cortex Radicis, Lycii Fructus, Carthami Flos and Glycyrrhizae Radix. Methods : The separation was performed on an Aquasil C18 (4.6×250mm) column by gradient elution with 0.05% TFA in H2O - 0.05% TFA in acetonitrile (0 min 100:0, 20 min 90:10, 40 min 70:30, 60 min 50:50, 80 min 0:100, 90 min 100:0) as the mobile phase at a flow-rate of 1.0 ml/min with detection at 190-800nm. Also we examined the contents for bacteria, pesticide residue and harmful heavy metals. Results : HPLC-DAD was employed to determine the quantities and the qualities of several marker substances such as 5­hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF), paeonol, loganin, paeoniflorin, glycyrrhizin, and decursin in the KH-19. There were no bacterial contents, pesticide residues, or harmful heavy metals. Conclusions : We suggest these results could be a useful evidence for quality control of KH-19. This method permits fingerprints of selected individual marker substances from herbal prescriptions without derivatization, multiple purification steps, or lengthy separation times.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.95-103
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• 2006

Objective: Gami-Samhwang-San, a herbal prescription for obesity treatment, is composed of seven crude herbs such as Ephedrae Herba, Scutellariae Radix, Acori Gramineri Rhizoma, Polygalae Radix, Typhae Pollen, Armeniacae Semen, Nelumbo Folium. This study was aimed to evaluate marker substances in n-butanol fraction (SH-21-B) from Gami-Samhwang-San by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). And we predicted inhibition activity of major compounds of Gami-Samhwang-San using Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships (QSAR) Methods: The separation was performed on a YMC J,sphere-H80 CI8(250${\times}$4.6 mm I.D) column by gradient elution with $H_3PO_4$ buffers in acetonitrile as the moblie phase at a flow-rate of 1.0ml/min. Results: HPLC was employed to determine the quantities and the qualities of several marker substances such as ephedrine, pseudoephedirne, baicalin, ${\beta}-asarone$, tenuifoliside, naringenin, amygdalin and hyperoside in the SH-21-B. Conclusion: We suggest this results could be a useful evidence for quality control of SH-21-B.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was investigation of quantitative analysis of marker substances in Paeonia lactiflora extracts by solid fermentation. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the determination of albiflorin and paeoniflorin in P. lactiflora extracts by solid fermentation, the separation method was performed on C18 column ($250\;mm\;{\times}\;4.6\;mm$, $5\;{\mu}m$, RS tech) using gradient solvent mixtures of water-acetonitrile with photodiode array detector (230nm). The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. Retention time of albiflorin and paeoniflorin was about 28.88, 31.92 min and linearity of calibration was showed good result(r2 = 0.9998, 0.9996), respectively. Content of albiflorin was $0.090\;{\pm}\;0.03%$ in P. lactiflora extract(control), $0.102\;{\pm}\;0.00%$ in P. lactiflora extract fermented with Paecilomyces japonica, $0.056\;{\pm}\;0.01%$ in P. lactiflora extract fermented with Ganoderma lucidum, $0.093\;{\pm}\;0.00%$ in P. lactiflora extract fermented with honey and $0.046\;{\pm}\;0.00%$ in P. lactiflora extract fermented with Nuruk. Content of paeoniflorin was $4.506\;{\pm}\;0.13%$ in control, $2.599\;{\pm}\;0.04%$ in P. lactiflora extract fermented with Paecilomyces japonica, $1.222\;{\pm}\;0.03%$ in P. lactiflora extract fermented with Ganoderma lucidum, $2.750\;{\pm}\;0.05%$ in P. lactiflora extract fermented with honey and $0.847\;{\pm}\;0.00%$ in P. lactiflora extract fermented with Nuruk, respectively. Content of the marker substances did not increase in all fermentation experiment group.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.217-227
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• 2015

Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to identify bioactive compounds in Dangnyo-hwan, a Korean herbal medicine, through instrumental analysis using LC-MS/MS and ICP, and investigate its potential use in diabetes treatment. Methods: The extract of Dangnyo-hwan has 12 medicinal herbs; these were compared with 18 marker substances selected from literature survey. Results: LC-MS/MS analysis could detect 9 of the 18 bioactive compounds: citruline, catalpol, berberine, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg1, oleanolic acid, β-sitosterol, mangiferin, and schizandrin. While harmful heavy metals such as As, Pb, Cd, Hg, Ni, and Cu were not present in high concentrations, Zn concentration was 4.2 mg in 100 g Dangnyo-hwan. Conclusions: Instrumental analysis such as LC-MS/MS and ICP was successfully used to identify bioactive compounds in Dangnyo-hwan. Detection of 9 bioactive substances and Zn from the herb medicine is a valuable finding, and suggests that Dangnyo-hwan is a candidate medicine for diabetes. Further investigations like in vitro assay, percent GPR 119 activity, and percent human DGAT-1 inhibition are underway.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.201-215
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• 1994

Recent development in the immunochemical technique has resulted in a new ultrasensitive analytical method known as liposome immunoassay (LIA). Liposome is a key element in performing liposome immunoassays, specifically designed to participate in immune reactions. A variety of markers can be encapsulated in liposomes and used as quantitative indicators of reactions. Liposome immunoassay based on agglutination, complement-mediated Iysis, cytolysin-mediated Iysis, detergent-mediated Iysis or destabilization of the liposomal membrane have been reviewed. The quantity of markers released from liposomes should be proportional to the concentration of the analytes. Therefore, liposomal agglutination and Iysis which are essential to liposomal Iysis are critically reviewed to provide a better understanding of liposome immunoassay. Based on the literature review of recent advances in liposome immunoassay for bioactive substances, this assay method may provide a convenient, specific and highly sensitive method for detecting and measuring trace amount of clinically relevant substances in the future.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.652-659
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• 2018

In this study, baicalin, as a marker substance of Scutellariae Radix, was quantitatively analyzed by a high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector (HPLC-DAD). We identified wogonoside, baicalein, and wogonin in the Scutellariae Radix by a high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometer (HPLC-ESI-MS). The baicalin was separated on a Xterra C18 column ($5{\mu}m$, $4.6{\times}250mm$) using mobile phase consisting of 38% acetonitrile in 0.68% phosphoric acid. The baicalin spectrum in the Scutellariae Radix extracts was coincided by comparing with UV-visible spectrum (200-550 nm) of baicalin standard in the library. The amount of baicalin in Scutellariae Radix was 10.46%, which is higher than KFDA's guideline. The marker substances of Scutellariae Radix showed a strong base peak $[M]^+$ in the positive detection mode following as; baicalin (m/z; $271[MH^+-sugar]^+$, $447[M+H]^+$), wogonoside (m/z; $285[MH^+-sugar]^+$, $461[M+H]^+$), baicalein (m/z; $271\;[M+H]^+$), wogonin (m/z; $285[M+H]^+$). These results are consistent with the fragment pattern and molecular weight of standard components from literature.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.173-178
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was investigation of quantitative analysis of marker substances in solid fermented Angelicae Gigantis Radix by High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). HPLC was performed for determination of nodakenin and decursin in solid fermented Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract, the separation method was performed on C18 column ($250\;mm\;{\times}\;4.6\;mm$, $5\;{\mu}m$, RS tech) using gradient solvent mixtures of water-acetonitrile with photodiode array detector (330 nm). The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. Retention time of nodakenin and decursin was about 11.47, 46.79 min and linearity of calibration was showed good result(r2=0.9999, 0.9999), respectively. Content of nodakenin was $0.76\;{\pm}\;0.02%$ in control, $0.31\;{\pm}\;0.00%$ in Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract fermented with Paecilomyces japonica(SDT)(p<0.01), $0.51\;{\pm}\;0.02%$ in Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract fermented with Ganoderma lucidum(SYT)(p<0.01), $0.82\;{\pm}\;0.03%$ in Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract fermented with honey(SST)(p<0.05) and $0.88\;{\pm}\;0.01%$ in Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract fermented with Nuruk(SNT)(p<0.01). Content of decursin was $4.50\;{\pm}\;0.08%$ in control, $2.90\;{\pm}\;0.05%$ in Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract fermented with Paecilomyces japonica(SDT)(p<0.01), $2.65\;{\pm}\;0.08%$ in Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract fermented with Ganoderma lucidum(SYT)(p<0.01), $4.46\;{\pm}\;0.11%$ in Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract fermented with honey(SST) and $4.73\;{\pm}\;0.04%$ in Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract fermented with Nuruk(SNT)(p<0.05), respectively.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.693-698
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• 2017

The quality control of natural products is principal key to guarantee the Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and Good Clinical Practices (GCP) for the functional food, pharmaceuticals and cosmeceuticals in the industry. In this study, we examined the quantitative analysis of berberine as marker substance of Coptidis Rhizoma by high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The HPLC method was validated and met all the requirements for the quality control analysis recommended by FDA and ICH. The berberine was separated on a Xterra $C_{18}$ column ($5{\mu}m$, $4.6{\times}250mm$) using mobile phase consisting of distilled water and acetonitrile with $KH_2PO_4$ (3.4 g) and $Na_2SO_4$ (1.7 g). Calibration curve of berberine has been estimated (y = 42293.47x-41589 with the correlation coefficient 0.9999). The amount of berberine was calculated as 4.25%. And berberastine, palmatine, columbamine, jatrorrhizine, epiberberine, berberine and coptisine in the Coptidis Rhizoma were identified by high performance liquid chromatography - electrospray ionization-mass spectrometer (HPLC-ESI-MS) method.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.355-362
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• 2021

This study investigated the fate of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in a water reclamation facility (WRF) in Korea. The WRF consists of coagulation, sedimentation, microfiltration, and reverse osmosis (RO) components. The production capacity of WRF is 90,000 m³/day. The reclaimed water is reused as industrial water. We also characterized DOM in raw, processed, and finished waters based on analysis of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UVA₂₅₄), fluorescence excitation emission matrix (FEEM), and DOC fractions via liquid chromatography-organic carbon detection (LC-OCD). Based on the results of DOC, UVA₂₅₄, and FEEM analyses, neither the coagulation/sedimentation nor the microfiltration at the WRF effectively removed DOM. The RO process removed more than 94% of DOM. The raw water (i.e., secondary treated effluent obtained from a wastewater treatment plant) exhibited tryptophan-like peaks, which are a promising marker of wastewater, in the FEEM analysis. Coagulation and microfiltration failed to eliminate the wastewater marker, whereas RO completely removed it. The raw water also carried high levels (89.4%) of hydrophilic and low-molecular weight substances, which are difficult to remove via coagulation-sedimentation or microfiltration. Humic substance was a major component of the hydrophilic fractions. Based on the LC-OCD analysis, RO effectively removed the humic and polymeric materials from DOM.