• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.1007-1015
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• 2000

This paper proposes an adaptive trajectory generation strategy of using on-line ZMP information and an impedance control method for biped robots. Since robots experience various disturbances during their locomotion, their walking mechanism should have the robustness against those disturbances, which requires an on-line adaptation capability. In this context, an on-line trajectory planner is proposed to compensate the required moment for recovering stability. The ZMP equation and sensed ZMP information are used in this trajectory generation strategy. In order to control a biped robot to be able to walk stably, its controller should guarantee stable footing at the moment of feet contacts with the ground as well as maintaining good trajectory tracking performance. Otherwise, the stability of robot will be significantly compromised. To reduce the magnitude of an impact and guarantee a stable footing when a foot contacts with the ground, this paper. proposes to increase the damping of the leg drastically and to modify the reference trajectory of the leg. In the proposed control scheme, the constrained leg is controlled by impedance control using the impedance model with respect to the base link. Computer simulations performed with a 3-dof environment model that consists of combination of a nonlinear and linear compliant contact model show that the proposed controller performs well and that it has robustness against unknown uneven surface. Moreover, the biped robot with the proposed trajectory generator can walk even when it is pushed with a certain amount of external force.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.320-327
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• 2006

This paper introduces a new entertainment robot called ELIRO-II(Eating Lizard RObot version 2)which is a bio-mimetic quadruped walking robot with autonomous eating function. We focus on the realization of the behavior of an animal, i.e., wandering around to find food and eating food. The ELIRO-II is modeled after a lizard, which has four legs, 2-DOF waist-joint, an eye part, a mouth part and a stomach part. The effectiveness of the developed robot is shown through real experiments.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.152-162
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• 1996

A four-legged Walking Machine can move on the plain terrain with mobility and stability and stability, but if there exist any obstacles on the terrain of the motion direction, it takes extra time to cross those obstacles and the stability should be considered during motion. The main objective is the study a Quadruped which can cross obstacles with better mobility, stability and fuel economy than any other wheeled or tracked vehicles. Vertical step, isolated wall and ditch are the basic obstacles and by understanding those three cases perfectly, a Quadruped can move on any mixed rough terrain as 4-legged terrestrial vertebrates move. Each leg of a Quadruped has a limited walk space called a walking volume and this is very important to deter- mine the crossing capability in a static analysis. A Quadruped can be simplified with links and joints. By applying the research method, a quadruped can determine the control procedures as soon as it receives the terrain information from scanner and finally can move with mobility and stability.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.304-309
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 허리 구조를 갖는 복합 바퀴-다리 이동형 로봇의 설계 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 복합 이동형 로봇은 비평탄 및 평탄 지형에서의 효과적인 이동을 위하여 로봇의 다리에 바퀴가 결합된 복합 바퀴-다리 구조와 로봇 주행 중 보행 자세로의 안정적인 전환과 비평탄 지형에서 기구적인 제한의 개선을 위하여 허리 관절을 갖는 구조로 설계하였다. 또한 다양한 지형을 인지하기 위하여 LRF센서, PSD센서, CCD 카메라를 사용하였다. 제안한 로봇 시스템의 검증을 위해 지형별 주행과 보행 자세를 선택할 수 있는 운동 계획 기법을 제안하였다. 실제 복합 바퀴-다리 이동형 로봇을 설계 및 제작하고, 제안된 운동계획을 사용한 실험을 통해 지형에 따른 효율적인 이동 성능을 검증하였다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.626-633
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• 2009

A motion planning algorithm is presented in this paper for a commercialized quadruped walking of robot pet. Stable walking is the basic requirement for a commercial-purpose legged robot. In order to secure the walking stability, modified body sway to the centroid of support polygon is addressed. By representation of walking motion with respect to the world coordinate system rather than body coordinate, it is possible to design the several gaits in unified fashion. The initial gait posture is introduced to maximize the stride and to achieve fast walking. The proposed walking motion planning is verified through computer simulation and experiments.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2009

This work deals with an intuitive method for a planar biped to walk, which is named Relative Trajectory Control (RTC) method. A key feature of the proposed RTC method is that feet of the robot are controlled to track a given trajectory, which is specially designed relative to the base body of the robot. The trajectory of feet is presumed from analysis of the walking motion of a human being. A simple method to maintain a stable posture while the robot is walking is also introduced in RTC method. In this work, the biped is modeled as a free-floating robot, of which dynamic model is obtained in the Cartesian space. Using the obtained dynamic model, the robot is controlled by a model-based feedback control scheme. The author shows a preliminary experimental result to verify that the biped robot with RTC method can walk on the even or uneven surfaces.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.86-91
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• 2018

This paper presents about design efforts of a human-sized quadruped robot leg for high energy efficiency, and verifications. One of the representative index of the energy efficiency is the Cost of Transport (COT), but increased in the energy or work done is not calculated in COT. In this reason, the input to the output energy efficiency should be also considered as a very important term. By designing the robot with customized motor housing, small rotational inertia, and low gear ratio to reduce friction, high energy efficiency was achieved. Squatting motion of one leg was performed and simulation results were compared to the experimental results for validation. The developed 50 kg robot can lift the weight up to 200 kg, and during squatting, it showed high energy efficiency. The robot showed 71% input to output energy efficiency in positive work. Peak current during squatting only appears to be 0.3 A.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.573-579
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• 2008

This paper introduces a new approach to develop a fast gait for quadruped robot using GP(genetic programming). Planning gaits for legged robots is a challenging task that requires optimizing parameters in a highly irregular and multidimensional space. Several recent approaches have focused on using GA(genetic algorithm) to generate gait automatically and shown significant improvement over previous results. Most of current GA based approaches used pre-selected parameters, but it is difficult to select the appropriate parameters for the optimization of gait. To overcome these problems, we proposed an efficient approach which optimizes joint angle trajectories using genetic programming. Our GP based method has obtained much better results than GA based approaches for experiments of Sony AIBO ERS-7 in Webots environment.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.551-554
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• 2001

A necessity of remote control robots or various searching robots etc. that accomplish works given instead of human under long distance and extreme environment such as volcano, universe, deep-sea exploration and nuclear power plant etc. is increasing, and so the development and the research regarding these mobile robots are actively progressing. The wheel mobile robot or the track mobile robot have a sufficient energy efficiency under this en, but also have a lot of limits to accomplish works given which are caused from the restriction of mobile ability. Therefore, recently many researches for the walking robot with superior mobility and energy efficiency on the terrain, which is uneven or where obstacles, inclination and stairways exist, have been doing. The research for these walking robots is separated into fields of mechanism and control system, gait research, circumference environment and system condition recognition etc. greatly. It is a research field that the gait research among these is the centralist in actual implementation of walking robot unlike different mobile robots. A research field for gait of walking robot is classified into two parts according to the nature of the stability and the walking speed, static gait or dynamic gait. While the speed of a static gait is lower than that of a dynamic gait, a static gait which moves the robot to maintain a static stability guarantees a superior stability relatively. A dynamic gait, which make the robot walk controlling the instability caused by the gravity during the two leg supporting period and so maintaining the stability of the robot body spontaneously, is suitable for high speed walking but has a relatively low stability and a difficulty in implementation compared with a static gait. The quadruped walking robot has a strong point that can embody these gaits together. In this research, we will develope an autonomous quadruped robot with an asaptibility to the environment by selectry appropriate gait, element such as duty factor, stride, trajectory, etc.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2016년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.755-758
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 마커 인식과 레이저 센서를 이용하여 드론과 모듈 로봇 간의 상호작용이 가능하며 도킹 가능한 드론을 설명한다. 모듈 로봇은 4족 로봇으로 4개의 다리를 이용하여 보행이 가능하며 스스로 장애물 회피 등의 지능적 행동이 가능하다. 연구에서는 1대의 카메라를 이용하여 마커 인식을 하고 레이저 센서 송수신을 통하여 모듈 로봇과의 상호작용이 가능함을 보인다. 실험은 마커 인식과 레이저 센서를 융합하였을 때의 도킹 성공률이 뛰어났다는 결과를 보이며 드론의 페이로드가 다른 상황에서도 안정적인 결과를 보여 영상이나 방범, 농업 분야에서 특수한 기술을 갖는 로봇을 드론과의 도킹을 통해 다른 모듈화 된 로봇들과 교체하여 실효성을 극대화 시킬 수 있을 것이다.