• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.6 no.3 s.12
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• pp.85-94
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• 1990

The subject of this study was to yield data of dietetic education which could help the male teachers to live a desirable dietary life by analying the degree of balance of the diet, the interests in health and the subjective symptoms in disease, and finding the problem in the present dietary habit and the health state. Rusults were as follows: 1. The most regular meal in a day lunch and the most irregular was dinner. The sixties had meals most regularly. 2. The amount of smoking had influence on respiratory system and hepatobiliary system while daily amount of coffee intake influenced cardiobascalar system, diabetes mellitus and joint system. The amounts and the frequencies of alchol intake had no differences. 3. The factors which had meaningful relations with dietary habit were as follows; Salted food and so on had influences on cardiobascular system, spicy food on general disease, lipid intake including fried food, jun, bokchum on joint system, instant food and so forth on respiratory system. Fruit and so forth had influences on diabetes, salted food on hepatobilitary system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.1085-1092
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• 2002

수십만명의 대입응시자와 대학입학을 준비하는 수백만명의 초중고등학교 학생들에게 공정한 경쟁의 규칙과 측정방법을 마련하여 적응하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 현행 대학입학 수학능력 시험에서 각 영역별 표준점수는 응시계열인 인문계열, 자연계열, 예체능계열로 나누어 각 계열의 평균과 표준편차를 사용하여 계산한다. 따라서 동일한 점수도 어느 응시계열에 속하는가에 따라 표준점수가 달라지게 되며, 상이한 표준점수를 사용하여 대등한 경쟁을 하는 경우가 있어 불공정성이 제기된다. 비록 변환표준점수로 조정하여 계열간 불공정이 어느 정도 조정되지만, 자신의 점수에 비하여 집단의 평균점수가 낮을수록 변환표준점수가 증가하게 되므로 계열선택의 영향이 없다고 보기 어렵다. 이러한 결과로 유리한 계열로 대거 이동하는 현상이 나타나고 있다. 본 연구는 대학입학에 필수적인 대학입학 수학능력시험에서 계열간 실력차이를 보정하여 공정한 경쟁을 가능하게 하는 표준점수 계산방법을 제시하였다. 또한 모든 과목이 선택과목이 되는 2005학년도부터 시행될 수학능력시험에서 과목간 표준점수를 보정하는 방법을 제시하였다 본 연구는 결론을 도출하는데 있어 응시자들간 표준점수의 차이는 응시과목에 따라 달라지지 않는다는 과목의 동질성을 가정하였다. 응시과목의 동질성 가정하에서 집단간의 표준점수를 보정하는 방식은 동일한 시험문제로 각 집단이 시험을 보는 경우 집단간의 차이만큼을 표준점수에 합하여 보정하고, 각 집단이 고유하게 응시하는 시험과목은 공통과목의 차이만큼을 각 집단에 보정하여 주는 것이다. 과목간에 표준점수를 보정하는 방식은 해당과목에 응시한 응시자들이 다른 과목에서 획득한 표준점수의 평균치로보정하는 것이다.하기 위해서, 기업간 프로세스 협업(collaboration) 부분의 데이터 및 서식, 이를 취급하는 기능과 프로세스에 대란 분석을 통해 업무 프로세스 모델링 방법론과 관련한 모델링 지침 및 메타모델을 이용한 표준 업무 프로세스 모델을 개발하여 기업간 업무 프로세스 표준화에 대한 체계적인 관리에 대한 방안을 연구하고자 한다.의Bullwhip effect를 감소시킬 수 있는 장점이 있다. 동시에 이것은 향후 e-Business 시스템 구축을 위한 기본 인프라 역할을 수행할 수 있게 된다. 많았고 년도에 따른 변화는 보이지 않았다. 스키손상의 발생빈도는 초기에 비하여 점차 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 손상의 특성도 부위별, 연령별로 다양한 변화를 나타내었다.해가능성을 가진 균이 상당수 검출되므로 원료의 수송, 김치의 제조 및 유통과정에서 병원균에 대한 오염방지에 유의하여야 할 것이다. 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과에 의하면 고농도의 유기물이 함유된 음식물쓰레기는 Hybrid Anaerobic Reactor (HAR)를 이용하여 HRT 30일 정도에서 충분히 직접 혐기성처리가 가능하며, 이때 발생된 $CH_{4}$를 회수하여 이용하면 대체에너지원으로 활용 가치가 높은 것으로 판단된다./207), $99.2\%$(238/240), $98.5\%$(133/135) 및 $100\%$ (313)였다. 각각 두 개의 요골동맥과 우내흉동맥에서 부분협착이나 경쟁혈류가 관찰되었다. 결론: 동맥 도관만을 이용한 Off pump CABG를 시행하여 감염의 위험성을 증가시키지 않으면서 영구적인 신경학적 합병증을 일으

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.37-58
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine whether or not the use of number-related fairy tales had any effects on young children's mathematical inquiry skills in a bid to help facilitate their development of mathematical capabilities. The subjects in this study were 30 preschoolers who were four years old in Western age and attended G kindergarten in Jung-gu, Ulsan. The instrument used to assess their mathematical inquiry skills was Choi Hye-jin(2003)'s Preschooler Math Capability Inventory. The collected data wee analyzed with SPSS Win 11.5 program, and analysis of covariance was utilized. The findings of the study were as follows: The application of number-related fairy tales turned out to be effective in developing the young children's abilities to figure out the regularity of things, conception of number, geometrical abilities, measurement abilities and mathematical inquiry skills of the preschoolers. The above-mentioned findings suggested that the application of number-related fairy tales was one of good teaching methods to step up the development of young children's mathematical inquiry skills. Specifically, that could inner motivation to preschoolers in mathematical contexts and take their problem-solving skills to another level.

• CRM연구
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.19-29
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• 2011

There is a large difference between purchasing patterns in an online shopping mall and in an offline market. This difference may be caused mainly by the difference in accessibility of online and offline markets. It means that an interval between the initial purchasing decision and its realization appears to be relatively short in an online shopping mall, because a customer can make an order immediately. Because of the short interval between a purchasing decision and its realization, an online shopping mall transaction usually contains fewer items than that of an offline market. In an offline market, customers usually keep some items in mind and buy them all at once a few days after deciding to buy them, instead of buying each item individually and immediately. On the contrary, more than 70% of online shopping mall transactions contain only one item. This statistic implies that traditional data mining techniques cannot be directly applied to online market analysis, because hardly any association rules can survive with an acceptable level of Support because of too many Null Transactions. Most market basket analyses on online shopping mall transactions, therefore, have been performed by expanding the co-occurrence criteria of traditional association rule mining. While the traditional co-occurrence criteria defines items purchased in one transaction as concurrently purchased items, the expanded co-occurrence criteria regards items purchased by a customer during some predefined period (e.g., a day) as concurrently purchased items. In studies using expanded co-occurrence criteria, however, the criteria has been defined arbitrarily by researchers without any theoretical grounds or agreement. The lack of clear grounds of adopting a certain co-occurrence criteria degrades the reliability of the analytical results. Moreover, it is hard to derive new meaningful findings by combining the outcomes of previous individual studies. In this paper, we attempt to compare expanded co-occurrence criteria and propose a guideline for selecting an appropriate one. First of all, we compare the accuracy of association rules discovered according to various co-occurrence criteria. By doing this experiment we expect that we can provide a guideline for selecting appropriate co-occurrence criteria that corresponds to the purpose of the analysis. Additionally, we will perform similar experiments with several groups of customers that are segmented by each customer's average duration between orders. By this experiment, we attempt to discover the relationship between the optimal co-occurrence criteria and the customer's average duration between orders. Finally, by a series of experiments, we expect that we can provide basic guidelines for developing customized recommendation systems.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.134-143
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• 1987

In order to observe the strawberry as the raw materials and to compare the color of strawberry's products, Hunter L,a,b tristimulate color values were measured physically by color difference meter. Food textural properties of strawberry were measured by Rheo textural meter for rheological properties of strawberry jam. According to results obtained, it showed that Hunter L,a,b tristimulus color values were affected by ripening time of strawberry and Hunter color values changed regularly on different pH. Deformation of red color pigment Hunter color values changed linearlly on different pH, therefore red color pigment of elderberry showed to be used as a food color agent. The first peak of strawberry in TPA curve was high as cherry, grape and pineapple Strawberry jam showed pseudoplastic characteristic and time dependence.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.77-86
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• 2020

The study aims to analyze the compliance and non-compliance of the Korean health authorities regarding WHO's mask use recommendations following the spread of Covid-19, and to suggest the limitations and implications of the recommendations in the prevention of epidemics by deriving the causes of non-compliance with the results of alternative options. To this end, documents related to masks at home and abroad are reviewed, and WHO's mask recommendations and the Korean health authorities' mask guidelines are targeted for analysis. The analysis results are as follows. First, Korea's health authorities have basically accepted and applied WHO's "limited mask user perspective" in two recommendations. Second, Korea's health authorities have implemented differently from WHO mask recommendations due to the lack of supply and demand of masks. Third, Korea's health authorities were able to succeed in the initial prevention of Corona 19 based on the stabilization of the mask supply. Fourth, in the WHO mask recommendations, mask user restriction resulted in partial errors as a recommendation. The implication derived from the analysis is that even international recommendations based on medical evidence need to be allowed to follow autonomous guidelines according to the country's quarantine situation and competence, rather than strict adherence to international rules, in the infectious disease pandemic situation.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.275-295
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• 2011

Any attempt which requires banks to consider non-documentary conditions would destroy autonomy principle and increase the risks of the bank in L/C transactions. Therefore, non-documentary conditions are disregarded in the letter of credit. This provision was first introduced in UCP500, but later, ICC Position Paper No.3 added that if L/C requires documents related to non-documentary conditions, it cannot be disregarded. While the language in UCP600 is basically the same as that in UCP500, there is a difference between the two in that the former disregards the documents related to non-documentary conditions even if they are required by L/C. However, it should be remembered that international standard banking practice does not disregard all of non-documentary conditions. It recognizes the validity of some non-documentary conditions which it is not feasible to change into documentary conditions. That is, such non-documentary conditions as can be determined from an index specified in the guarantee or identified from the issuing bank's own records or their normal operations are recognized as valid in legal cases. ISP98 and UR00758 do not consider these as non-documentary conditions. The applicant should be cautious not to include non-documentary conditions in their applications.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.123-139
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• 2001

In the history of linguistics in the world the scholars in India could be regarded as the representative linguists, who had provided the cornerstone of the academic development at linguistics. Without looking into the contents of Indian linguistic theories devised and developed in the past it would be almost impossible to account for the origin of descriptive linguistics and historical linguistics. These linguistics trends became full-fledged in 19 and 20 century and are still accepted by a lot of researchers in order to analyze newly revealed languages and train students only coming up the toddling level of linguistic studies. In this paper I will show how far the influence of Indian linguistics has colored the flow of linguistic growth historically. Especially through the analysis of Panini grammar I will prove the intimate relationship between the Indian linguistic theory and the generative grammar - it is the most active theory at present. The methods that Panini applied to constitute the rules like sutra include lots of information, that also could be discovered at the rules postulated in the generative grammar. One of the common features found at both linguistic theories is the simplicity of rule representation. At the generative grammar a rule has to be established without any redundancy. When certain number of sounds like p, b, m show the same phonological. change relevant to lips (labial in linguistic term) different rules need not to be given for each sound separately. It is better to find a way of putting the sounds together in a rule with grouping the 3 sounds with the shared phonetic feature 'labial'. In Panini grammar the form of a rule was decided based on the simplicity, too. For example, sutra 6.1.77 shows the phonological connection between the vowels i, u r 1 and the semi-vowels y, v, r, 1. However, it does not require to postulate 4 individual rules respectively. Instead a rule in which the vowels and the semi-vowels are involved is suggested, and linguistically the rule make it clear that the more simpler the rules will be the better they can reflect the efficiency of human language acquisition. Although the systems introduced at Panini grammar have some sense of distance from the language education itself we cannot deny the fact that the grammar formulates the a turning point of linguistic development. It is essential for us to think over the grammar from the view point of the modem linguistic theories to understand their root and trunk more thoroughly. It will also help us to predict in which way linguistic tendency will proceed to in future.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2000.10d
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• pp.419-423
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• 2000

성공적인 의사소통의 경우에 성(性)이, 이(理)와 명(命)으로 나타난 것이 같다. 진리(aletheia)가, 언어(logos)와 운명(moira)으로 나타난 것들이 일치하는 것이 성공적인 언화행위가 된다. 측정대상(melos)과 본체(ousia)가 구분되는 것은 언어와 운명의 괴리가 있을 수가 있기 때문이다. 체계적인 언어처리의 지식기반을 측정대상에 한정한다. (1) 철학의 시작은 더 옳은 언어표현의 정의(definition)로 이전의 잘못 사용된 언어처리를 대체시키는 것으로 소크라테스는 보았다. [R. Crossman] (2) 잘못을 지적하는 등에(Tabanidae)의 역할과 옮은 지식의 상기를 돕는 산파법(maieutics)이 소크라테스의 의미분석의 방법이다. [R. Crossman] (3) 언어를 통하여 진리를 추구한다는 입장(via language)애서 한 언어표현이 그 진리의 운명으로 나타남과 어긋날 때, 운명을 택하는 것은 조화 보다 더 안정의 우위를 인정하는 논리적인 입장으로 합리성 보다 실용(pragma)의 우위를 인정하는 것이다. [W. Quine] (4) 공동체의 공통규범의 추구는 그 언어 속의 공통의 형식 또는 법칙의 추구에 기초하는 것이 자연스럽다. 여기에서 그 언어사용은 그 기저의 법칙(underlying rule)에 개입한다는 입장에 기초한다. [J. Searle] (5) 진리의 언어표현과 운명적인 사태들 사이의 괴리를 처리하기 위하여 체계적인 언어표현의 대상(The Young Tableaux)과 실제(The continuum)의 구분을 수용한다. [AMS(2000)] 언어표현의 대상은 나타난 것(현)(顯)이고 실제에는 나타나지 않은 것도 있다. 이천(伊川), 명도(明道)] (6) 이 나타난 것과 나타나지 않은 것에 간격이 없다는 것(현미무간)(顯微無間)은 그 의사소통이 성공적인 것이라는 것을 말한다. 따라서 그 언어의 표현완전성(functional completeness)은 언화행위가 성공적이라는 것이다.[J. Searle] (7) 수로 쓰인 것(상수)(象數)과 시로 쓰인 것(의리)(義理)이 하나인 것은 그 나타난 것과 나타나지 않은 것들 사이에 어떠한 들도 없음을 말한다. [(성중영)(成中英)] (8) 공통의 규범의 공통성 속에 규범적인 측면이 벌써 있다. 공통성에서 개인적이 아닌 공적인 규범으로의 전이는 규범, 가치, 규칙, 과정, 제도로의 전이라고 본다. [C. Morrison] (9) 우리의 언어사용에 신비적인 요소를 부인할 수가 없다. 넓은 의미의 발화의미(utterance meaning) 속에 신비적인 요소나 애정표시도 수용된다. 의미분석은 지금 한글을 연구하고, 그 결과에 의존하여서 우리의 실제의 생활에 사용하는 $\ulcorner$한국어사전$\lrcorner$ 등을 만드는 과정에서, 어떤 의미에서 실험되었다고 말할 수가 있는 언어과학의 연구의 결과에 의존하여서 수행되는 철학적인 작업이다. 여기에서는 하나의 철학적인 연구의 시작으로 받아들여지는 이 의미분석의 문제를 반성하여 본다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.145-158
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• 2016

This paper introduces a risk graph which is one method for determining the SIL as a measure of the effectiveness of signaling system. The purpose of this research is to make up for the weakness of the qualitative determination, which has input value ambiguity and a boundary problem in the SIL range. The fuzzy input valuable consists of consequence, exposure, avoidance and demand rate. The fuzzy inference produces forty eight fuzzy rule by adapting the calibrated risk graph in the IEC 61511. The Max-min composition is utilized for the fuzzy inference. The result of the fuzzy inference is the fuzzy value. Therefore, using the de-fuzzification method, the result should be converted to a crisp value that can be utilized for real projects. Ultimately, the safety requirement for hazard is identified by proposing a SIL result with a tolerable hazard rate. For the validation the results of the proposed method, the fuzzy risk graph model is compared with the safety analysis of the signaling system in CENELEC SC 9XA WG A10 report.