• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1202-1206
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• 2004

Novel naphthyl-containing biphenyl analogues were prepared by Suzki reaction for the chemiluminescent blue fluorophores. UV-Vis absorption, photoluminescence, chemiluminescence and CIE chromaticities were measured. The fluorophores displayed blue photoluminescence in solution with a maximum intensity around 378-415 nm. Sodium salicylate-catalyzed reaction of them with bis(2 carbopentyloxy-3,5,6-trichlorophenyl)-oxalate with hydrogen peroxide provided a strong chemiluminescent red light emission with wavelengths of 398-427 nm; these were similar to the photoluminescent spectra. The chemiluminescent intensity decayed exponentially and the glow of chemiluminescence, which was visible with naked eyes, was maintained for more than 4 h.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.37-41
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• 2013

In this work, we report the effect on the volatole organic compounds(VOCs) sensing properties of Copper phthalocyanine(CoPc) and Dilithium phthalocyanine(DiLiPc) thin films onto alumina substrates. Use evaporation method and the spin-coated method for sensing device. The materials of metallophthalocyanine macrocyclic compound solutions blended with N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(1-naphthyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4"-diamine and/or Poly[2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] solutions. The influence of the blended in with metallophthalocyanine macrocyclic compounds on the resistance have been measured and analyzed in five different volatole organic compounds. The following results were obtained: The AFM 3D image of thin films deposited on metallophthalocyanine macrocyclic compound shows that the surfaces roughness were about CuPc 4.1~14.3 nm(7.5~8.1%), DiLiPc 10.3~22.2 nm(7.9~11.5%). The resistances decreases upon increasing the concentration of vapor organic compounds to CuPc and DiLiPc thin films. That thin films blended Copper phthalocyanine(CoPc) and Dilithium phthalocyanine(DiLiPc) with N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(1-naphthyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4"-diamine and/or Poly[2-methoxy--5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene]. The resistances of blended thin films with N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(1-naphthyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4"-diamine and/or Poly[2-methoxy--5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] decreases upon increasing the concentration of volatole organic compounds(VOCs) on DiLiPc than CuPc compound thin films.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.496-498
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• 2008

We have developed green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with high quantum efficiency. Wide-energy-gap material, 1,1-bis[(di-4-tolylamino) phenyl]cyclohexane (TAPC), with high triplet energy level was used as a hole transporting layer. Electrophosphorescent devices fabricated using TAPC as a hole-transporting layer and N,N'-dicarbazolyl-4,4'-biphenyl (CBP) doped with fac-tris(2-phenylpyridine) iridium [Ir(ppy)3] as the emitting layer showed the maximum external quantum efficiency ($\eta_{ext}$) of 19.8 %, which is much higher than the devices adopting 4,4'-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenyl-amino]biphenyl (NPB) (${\eta}B_{ext}=14.6%$) as a hole transporting layer.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.724-726
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• 2004

Highly efficient blue organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) utilizing the idea of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)/N,N'-bis-(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl,1,1'-biphenyl- 4,4'-diamine (NPB) composite hole transport layer (CPHTL) have been fabricated. The effect of inserting CPHTL upon the performance of blue OLEDs with 2-methyl-9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (MADN) as the blue emitter has been investigated. Compared with the luminous efficiency of the standard blue device without CPHTL (1.33 cd/A), that of the device with 40:60 CuPc/NPB CPHTL has been increased by more than twice up to 2.96 cd/A with a Commission Internationale d'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of(x = 0.15, y = 0.10) and a power efficiency of 1.46 lm/W (20 mA/$cm^2$) at 6.39 V. The increased device efficiency is attributed to an improved balance between hole and electron currents arriving at the recombination zone.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.08a
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• pp.321-321
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• 2011

유기발광소자는 낮은 구동전압, 높은 명암비 및 높은 색 재현성 등의 장점을 바탕으로 차세대 디스플레이 및 조명용 광원으로 주목 받고 있다. 또한, 유기발광소자는 발광층을 다층으로 적층하여 적색, 녹색 및 청색을 동시에 발광시켜 단일 소자로 백색 발광소자를 제작할 수 있는 특성을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 백색 유기발광소자를 제작하기 위하여 두 유기물 사이에서 나타나는 엑시플렉스 현상을 이용하였다. 엑시플렉스 현상으로 인한 발광 특성 변화를 관찰하기 위하여 낮은 highest occupied molecular orbital에너지 준위를 가지는 4,4',4''-tris(2-methylphenyl-phenylamino)triphenylamine (m-MTDATA)를 tris(8-hydroxy-quinolinato)aluminum 또는 N,N'-bis(1- naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine과 혼합하여 발광층을 제작하였다. 엑시플렉스 현상을 관측하기 위해 제작된 유기발광소자의 전기적 및 광학적 특성을 측정한 결과 엑시플렉스 현상으로 인한 발광 특성의 변화가 나타났으며 인가된 전압에 따라 엑시플렉스 현상의 변화를 확인하였다. 엑시플렉스 현상을 이용한 백색 유기발광소자를 제작하기 위하여 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethyl aminostyryl)-4H-pyran (DCM1)을 9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene층과 m-MTDATA층 사이에 얇게 삽입하여 발광층을 형성하였다. 제작된 백색 유기발광소자의 전기적 및 광학적 특성을 측정한 결과 DCM1이 엑시플렉스 현상을 이용하여 적색 빛을 발광하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 엑시플렉스 현상을 이해하고 응용하는데 많은 도움을 준다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.499-499
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• 2013

유기 발광 소자는 낮은 구동전압, 낮은 소비전력, 높은 명암비, 넓은 시야각 및 빠른 응답속도의 장점을 가지고 있기 때문에 전색 디스플레이에서 각광을 받고 있다. 고효율의 청색 유기 발광 소자를 제작하기 위해서 다양한 구조를 제작하고 있지만, 적색 및 녹색 유기 발광 소자에 비해 낮은 효율, 색 순도의 저하 및 짧은 수명으로 인한 문제점을 갖고 있기 때문에 이를 해결하기 위한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 발광층내에 호스트 물질로 1.3-Bis(carbazol-9-yl) benzene (mCP)와 2-t-butyl-9,10-di-2-naphthylanthracene (TBADN)을 혼합하였고, 형광 도펀트인 4,40-Bis[4-(diphenylamino)styryl]biphenyl (BDAVBi) 또는 인광 도펀트인 bis(3,5-difluoro-2-(2-pyridyl) phenyl-(2-carboxypyridyl)iridium III (FIrpic)을 혼합한 발광층을 사용한 유기 발광 소자를 제작하여 전기적인 특성과 발광 효율을 관찰하였다. 유기 발광 소자의 정공 수송층 N,N,'-bis-(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl1-1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (NPB)와 정공 저지층 3-Benzidino-6-(4-chlorophenyl) pyridazine (BCP) 사이에 호스트 mCP와 도펀트 TBADN：BDAVBi를 혼합한 발광층의 혼합비율을 최적화 할 때 구동전압이 낮고, 발광효율이 증가됨을 확인하였다. 호스트 mCP에 도펀트를 혼합한 발광층에서는 호스트로 mCP 또는 TBADN만 사용하였을 때보다 전계발광 스펙트럼의 최대치가 청색 영역에서 나타남을 확인하였다. Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) 측정을 통해, 호스트 mCP와 도펀트 TBADN : BDAVBi의 최적화된 혼합비에서 전압의 변동에 따른 CIE 값이 매우 안정적임을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Information Display
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.107-110
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• 2009

Efficient deep-blue organic light-emitting diodes were demonstrated using 4,4'-bis(9-ethyl-3-carbazovinylene)-1,1'-biphenyl doped in double-emission layers (D-EMLs). The D-EML system, which consists of 2-methyl-9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene and 1,4-(dinaphthalen-2-yl)-naphthalene as blue hosts, was employed to broaden the recombination zone and to ensure the good confinement of the holes and electrons. The optimized device showed a peak current efficiency of 4.47 cd/A, a peak external quantum efficiency of 4.09%, and Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates of (0.16, 0.10).

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.2287-2294
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• 2012

Deep blue fluorescent host materials based on a novel spiro[benzo[c]fluorene-7,9'-fluorene] core structure with side aromatic wings in the 5- and 9-positions, namely, 5,9-di(naphthalen-2-yl)spiro[benzo[c]fluorene-7,9'-fluorene] (DN-SBFF), 5,9-bis(4-t-butylphenyl)spiro[benzo[c]fluorene-7,9'-fluorene] (BP-SBFF), and 5,9-bis(4-fluorophenyl)spiro[benzo[c]fluorene-7,9'-fluorene] (FP-SBFF), were designed and successfully prepared using the Suzuki reaction. The physical properties of these materials and their EL characteristics as blue host materials doped with N,N,N',N'-tetraphenylspiro[benzo[c]fluorene-7,9'-fluorene]-5,9-diamine (TPA-SBFF) were investigated. The device used comprised ITO/N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis[4-(phenyl-m-tolyl-amino)phenyl]-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (DNTPD)/N,N'-di(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzidine (NPB)/(FP-SBFF):dopant x%/tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum ($Alq_3$)/LiF. The device obtained using FP-SBFF doped with TPA-SBFF showed high color purity (0.13, 0.18) and an efficiency of 6.61 cd/A at 7 V.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.407-412
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• 2009

Vacuum deposited N,N-di-1-naphthyl-N,N-diphenyl-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (NPD) as a hole transporting (HTL) materials in OLEDs was placed on PEDOT-PSS, a hole injection layer (HIL). PEDOT-PSS was spin-coated on to the ITO glass. $C_{60}$-doped NPD-$C_{60}$(10 wt%) film was formed via co-evaporation process and the morphology of NPD-$C_{60}$ films was investigated using XRD and AFM. The J - V, L - V and current efficiency of multi -layered devices were characterized. According to XRD results, the deposited $C_{60}$ thin film was partially crystalline, but NPD-$C_{60}$ film was observed not to be crystalline, which indicates that $C_{60}$ molecules are uniformly dispersed in the NPD film. By using $C_{60}$-doped NPD-$C_{60}$ film as a HTL, the current density and luminance of multi-layered ITO/PEDOT-PSS/NPD-$C_{60}/Alq_3$/LiF/Al device were significantly increased by about 80% and its efficiency was improved by about 25% in this study.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.841-846
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• 2011

New green host materials, 9-phenyl-3-(4-(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d] imidazol-2-yl)phenyl)-9H-carbazole (3a) and 9-(naphthyl-2-yl)-3-(4-(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)phenyl)-9H-carbazole (3b), have been designed and synthesized by attaching the electron transporting benzimidazole moiety to the hole transporting carbazole unit. These compounds have similar HOMO, LUMO levels and band-gap characteristics compared with CBP (4,4'-di(N-carbazolyl)biphenyl). The fabricated green phosphorescent OLED with this 3a host shows much better device performances compared to CBP-based one. The current and power efficiency is enhanced at least by 60 percent at a given constant luminance of 1000 cd/$m^2$.