• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.357-366
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• 1993

Background: Lung clearance of inhaled $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA reflects alveolar epithelial permeability and it had been reported as more sensitive than conventional pulmonary function tests in detecting lung epithelial damage. However, measuring lung clearance of inhaled $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA by gamma camera may not always reflect alveolar epithelial permeability exactly because it is influenced by mucociliary clearance depending on the site of particle deposition. Moreover, this method takes much time and patient's effort because he has to sit or lie still in front of the camera for a prolonged period. Most of the absorbed DTPA is excreted in urine within 24 hours and the amount of excreted DTPA in urine during the first few hours after inhalation is influenced by absorption rate which is correlated with the alveolar-epithelial permeability suggesting that the urinary excretion, especially in first few hours, may be an alternate index for lung clearance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of ratio of excreted $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA in 2 hour and 24 hour urine as an index of alveolar-epithelial damage. Methods: Pulmonary function tests including diffusing capacity and lung clearance of $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA measured by gama camera ($T_{1/2}$) and 2hr/24hr urine excretion ratio (Ratio) of inhaled $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA in 8 normal subjects and 14 patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease were compared. Results: 1) In the normal control, there was significant negative correlation between the $T_{1/2}$ and the Ratio (r=-0.77, p<0.05). In patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease, there also was significant negative correlation between $T_{1/2}$ and Ratio(r=-0.63, p<0.05). 2) In diffuse interstitial lung disease patients, the $T_{1/2}$ was $38.65{\pm}11.63$ min which was significantly lower than that of normal control, $55.53{\pm}11.15$ min and the Ratio was $52.15{\pm}10.07%$ also signifantly higher than that of the normal control, $40.43{\pm}5.53%$ (p<0.05). 3) There was no significant correlations between $T_{1/2}$ or Ratio and diffusing capactiy of lung in both patients and controls (p>0.05). Conclusion: These results suggests that 2hr/24hr urine excretion ratio of inhaled $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA is a useful simple bedside test in assessing alveolar epithelial permeability and that it may be used as an additive follow-up test in patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease complementing conventional pulmonary function tests.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.39-47
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• 2010

A research of image-based articulated pose estimation has some problems such as detection of human feature, precise pose estimation, and real-time performance. In particular, various methods are currently presented for recovering many joints of human body. We propose the novel numerical inverse kinematics improved with the UKF(unscented Kalman filter) in order to estimate the human pose in real-time. An existing numerical inverse kinematics is required many iterations for solving the optimal estimation and has some problems such as the singularity of jacobian matrix and a local minima. To solve these problems, we combine the UKF as a tool for optimal state estimation with the numerical inverse kinematics. Combining the solution of the numerical inverse kinematics with the sampling based UKF provides the stability and rapid convergence to optimal estimate. In order to estimate the human pose, we extract the interesting human body using both background subtraction and skin color detection algorithm. We localize its 3D position with the camera geometry. Next, through we use the UKF based numerical inverse kinematics, we generate the intermediate joints that are not detect from the images. Proposed method complements the defect of numerical inverse kinematics such as a computational complexity and an accuracy of estimation.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2006.03a
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• pp.178-186
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• 2006

기상 수치예보는 (Numerical Weather Pridiction, NWP)는 바람, 기온, 등과 같은 기상요소의 시간 변화를 나타내는 물리방정식을 컴퓨터로 풀어 미래의 대기 상태를 예상하는 과학적인 방법으로 지구를 상세한 격자 2진부호(GRIdded Binary, 이하 GRIB)로 나누어 그 격자점에서의 값으로 대기 상태를 나타낸다. 지구 각지에서의 각종 관측자료를 기초로 격자점상의 현재값을 구한다. 대용량의 격자데이터는 이진형태이어서 컴퓨터, 서버 저장장치에서 동일형태 데이터로 존재한다. 우리나라 최초의 저궤도 관측 위성인 다목적 실용위성 KOMPSAT-1호(이하, 아리랑 위성1호)는 전자광학카메라(Electro Optical Camera, EOC)를 탑재하여 1999년 12월 21일에 발사된 이후 2006년 1월 현재까지 6여년간 성공적으로 임무를 수행, 7049여회의 영상을 획득하여 국가적으로 귀중한 자료로 활용하고 있다. 아리랑 위성1호는 일일 2-3회 EOC영상을 획득하고 있으며, 임무계획(Mission Planning)은 MP(Mission Planner)가 사용자로부터 자료를 수집하여 임무분석 및 계획 서브시스템(MAPS)에 의해 계산되어진 위성의 제도예측 데이터에 촬영하고자하는 목표지점 좌표를 입력하여 자동명령생성기(KSCG)에 의해 계산된 촬영 경사각도(Tilt)값을 위성에 전송하여 목표지역의 영상을 획득하게 된다. 위성영상 획득에 있어 고가의 위성을 운영하면서 기상의 상태를 정확히 예측하여 실패없이 유효한 영상을 획득하는 것이 무엇보다 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 효율적인 위성임무계획을 위한 기상수치예보 자료를 분석하여 앞으로 발사하게 될 고해상 카메라 탑제위성인 아리랑 위성2호와 3호에 적용하고자 한다. the sufficient excess reactivity to override this poisoning must be inserted, or its concentration is decreased sufficiently when its temporary shutdown is required. As ratter of fact, these have an important influence not only on reactor safety but also on economic aspect in operation. Considering these points in this study, the shutdown process was cptimized using the Pontryagin's maximum principle so that the shutdown mirth[d was improved as to restart the reactor to its fulpower at any time, but the xenon concentration did not excess the constrained allowable value during and after shutdown, at the same time all the control actions were completed within minimum time from beginning of the shutdown.및 12.36%, $101{\sim}200$일의 경우 12.78% 및 12.44%, 201일 이상의 경우 13.17% 및 11.30%로 201일 이상의 유기의 경우에만 대조구와 삭제 구간에 유의적인(p<0.05) 차이를 나타내었다.는 담수(淡水)에서 10%o의 해수(海水)

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2015

First light galaxies have predictable linear clustering, and are expected to produce fluctuations with a characteristic spatial power spectrum, which peaks at an angular scale of ~ 10 arcminutes and in the $1-2{\mu}m$ spectral regions. The Cosmic Infrared Background ExpeRiment 2 (CIBER2) is a dedicated sounding rocket mission for measuring the fluctuations in the extragalactic infrared background light, following up the previous successful measurements of CIBER1. With a 28.5 cm telescope accompanied with three arms of camera barrels and a dual broadband filter on each H2RG (${\lambda}_c=2.5{\mu}m$) array, CIBER2 can measure 6 bands of wide field ($1.1{\times}2.2$ degrees) up to 3 AB magnitudes deeper than CIBER1. This project is leaded by California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory, collaborating internationally with Institute of Space and Astronautical Science in Japan, Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Korea Basic Science Institute, and Seoul National University. The Korean team is in charge of 1) one H2RG scientific array, 2) ground station hardware and software, 3) telescope lenses, and 4) flight and test bed electronics fabrication. In this paper, we describe the detailed activities of the Korean participation as well as the current status of the CIBER2 project.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.4 no.2 s.8
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• pp.55-64
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• 2002

VEfficient generation of road data is one of the most important issues in GIS (Geographic Information System). In this paper, we propose a hybrid approach for automatic generation of road data by combining mobile mapping and image processing techniques. Mobile mapping systems have a form of vehicle equipped with CCD camera, GPS, and INS. They can calculate absolute position of objects that appear in acquired image by photogrammetry, but it is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Automatic road detection methods have been studied also by image processing technology. However, the methods are likely to fail because of obstacles and exceptive conditions in the real world. To overcome the problems, we suggest a hybrid method for automatic road generation, by exploiting both GPS/INS data acquired by mobile mapping system and image processing algorithms. We design an estimator to estimate 3-D coordinates of road line and corresponding location in an image. The estimation process reduces complicated image processing operations that find road line. The missing coordinates of road line due to failure of estimation are obtained by cubic spline interpolation. The interpolation is done piecewise, separated by rapid change such as road intersection. We present experimental results of the suggested estimation and interpolation methods with image sequences acquired by mobile mapping system, and show that the methods are effective in generation of road data.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.149-156
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to develop a stent-based image guided surgery system and to apply it to oral and maxillofacial surgeries for anatomically complex sites. Materials and Methods : We devised a patient-specific stent for patient-to-image registration and navigation. Three-dimensional positions of the reference probe and the tool probe were tracked by an optical camera system and the relative position of the handpiece drill tip to the reference probe was monitored continuously on the monitor of a PC. Using 8 landmarks for measuring accuracy, the spatial discrepancy between CT image coordinate and physical coordinate was calculated for testing the normality. Results : The accuracy over 8 anatomical landmarks showed an overall mean of $0.56{\pm}0.16\;mm$. The developed system was applied to a surgery for a vertical alveolar bone augmentation in right mandibular posterior area and possible interior alveolar nerve injury case of an impacted third molar. The developed system provided continuous monitoring of invisible anatomical structures during operation and 3D information for operation sites. The clinical challenge showed sufficient accuracy and availability of anatomically complex operation sites. Conclusion : The developed system showed sufficient accuracy and availability in oral and maxillofacial surgeries for anatomically complex sites.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.41-52
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• 2001

The purpose of this research is to plan the activation of university health business through the appraisal of the function and role of university health centers. To be more specific: Firstly, analyze the facility, personnel, health service of the health centers, Secondly, appraise the role and function of the health centers, and Thirdly, consider the activation plans of health centers. The research method taken was the study of surveys conducted and written research materials on 5 women's universities in Seoul. These materials where descriptively analyzed by converting the surveys, facility and usage of health center and current personnel status in to percentage. The major results of the research are as follows: Unlike as stated in each university's additional clause on the number of personnel were working. This lack of specialized personnel resulted into lack of specialized and various services. Medicine for external application were stocked well whereas only simple medicine for internal application were on shelf and were issued only with a doctor's prescription. Universities with a full-time doctor had various available equipments. One university conducting dental treatment was equipped with indirect chest camera, dental X-ray, unit, chair(dental treatment chair) and even supersonic, electrocardiogram were available. In the case of D women's university, the number of beds compared to the number of students was lower than that of the other 3 universities, to the total size of the university was smaller than that of the other 3 universities. Among health prevention and care matters, health consultation was the only matter practised by all universities. Uniquely, there was one university that hosted epidemic prevention business. There are various tests given by each university, with each showing many differences, but some universities did not even conduct these tests. Vaccinations were usually being conducted through commission. All universities provided basic treatment, therefore matters concerning treatment at health centers were being conducted well. Concerning the management of equipment and documents, all the matters were being conducted except one university where instead of a student medical record, they were using a daily record. Because these were women's universities, most of the educations were on women's health. The subjects of these educations included: sex, contraception, prevention and control of tuberculosis, obesity, mouth hygiene, alcohol, geriatric disease, mental health and first-aid. The rate of health center usage is growing. Being women's universities, the service and treatment practised were mostly concerning sex education.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.560-564
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• 2007

Korea Basic Science Institute(KBSI) has three general electron microscopes including High Voltage Electron Microscope(HVEM) which is the only one in Korea. Observed images through an electron microscope are what they are tilted by each step and saved, offering the more better circumstances for observers, a reconstruction to 3D could be a essential process. In this process, a warping method decreases distortions maximumly of avoided parts of a camera's focus. All these image treatment processes and 3D reconstruction processes are based on an accompaniment of a highly efficient computer, a number of Grid Node Personal computers share this process in a short time and dispose of it. Grid Node Personal computers' purpose is to make an owner can share different each other and various computing resources efficiently and also Grid Node Personal computers is applying to solve problems like a role scheduling needed for a constructing system, a resource management, a security, a capacity measurement, a condition monitoring and so on. Grid Node Personal computers accomplish roles of a highly efficient computer that general individuals felt hard to use, moreover, a image treatment using the warping method becomes a foundation for reconstructing to more closer shape with an real object of observation. Construction of the electron microscope volume 랜더링 system based on Grid Node Personal computer through the warping process can offer more convenient and speedy experiment circumstances to observers, and makes them meet with experiment outcome that is similar to real shapes and is easy to understand.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.20-31
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• 2022

Purpose Broad Quantification Calibration(B.Q.C) is the procedure for Quantitative Analysis to measure Standard Uptake Value(SUV) in SPECT/CT scanner. B.Q.C was performed with Tc-99m, I-123, I-131, Lu-177 respectively and then we acquired the phantom images whether the SUVs were measured accurately. Because there is no standard for SUV test in SPECT, we used ACR Esser PET phantom alternatively. The purpose of this study was to lay the groundwork for Quantitative Analysis with various isotopes in SPECT/CT scanner. Materials and Methods Siemens SPECT/CT Symbia Intevo 16 and Intevo Bold were used for this study. The procedure of B.Q.C has two steps; first is point source Sensitivity Cal. and second is Volume Sensitivity Cal. to calculate Volume Sensitivity Factor(VSF) using cylinder phantom. To verify SUV, we acquired the images with ACR Esser PET phantom and then we measured SUV_mean on background and SUV_max on hot vials(25, 16, 12, 8 mm). SPSS was used to analyze the difference in the SUV between Intevo 16 and Intevo Bold by Mann-Whitney test. Results The results of Sensitivity(CPS/MBq) and VSF were in Detector 1, 2 of four isotopes (Intevo 16 D1 sensitivity/D2 sensitivity/VSF and Intevo Bold) 87.7/88.6/1.08, 91.9/91.2/1.07 on Tc-99m, 79.9/81.9/0.98, 89.4/89.4/0.98 on I-123, 124.8/128.9/0.69, 130.9, 126.8/0.71, on I-131, 8.7/8.9/1.02, 9.1/8.9/1.00 on Lu-177 respectively. The results of SUV test with ACR Esser PET phantom were (Intevo 16 BKG SUV_mean/25mm SUV_max/16mm/12mm/8mm and Intevo Bold) 1.03/2.95/2.41/1.96/1.84, 1.03/2.91/2.38/1.87/1.82 on Tc-99m, 0.97/2.91/2.33/1.68/1.45, 1.00/2.80/2.23/1.57/1.32 on I-123, 0.96/1.61/1.13/1.02/0.69, 0.94/1.54/1.08/0.98/ 0.66 on I-131, 1.00/6.34/4.67/2.96/2.28, 1.01/6.21/4.49/2.86/2.21 on Lu-177. And there was no statistically significant difference of SUV between Intevo 16 and Intevo Bold(p>0.05). Conclusion Only Qualitative Analysis was possible with gamma camera in the past. On the other hand, it's possible to acquire not only anatomic localization, 3D tomography but also Quantitative Analysis with SUV measurements in SPECT/CT scanner. We could lay the groundwork for Quantitative Analysis with various isotopes; Tc-99m, I-123, I-131, Lu-177 by carrying out B.Q.C and could verify the SUV measurement with ACR phantom. It needs periodic calibration to maintain for precision of Quantitative evaluation. As a result, we can provide Quantitative Analysis on follow up scan with the SPECT/CT exams and evaluate the therapeutic response in theranosis.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.1354-1358
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• 2003

The process equipment for handling high level radioactive materials like spent fuels is operated in a hot cell, due to high radioactivity. Thus, this equipment should be maintained and repaired optimally by a remotely operated manipulator. The master-slave manipulators(MSM) are widely used as a remote handling device in the hot cell. The equipment in the hot cell should be optimally placed within the workspace of the wall-mounted slave manipulator for the maintenance operation. But, because of the complexity in the hot cell, there would be some parts of the equipment that are not reached by the MSM. In this study, the maintenance process for these parts of the equipment is developed using virtual prototyping technology. To analyze the workspace of the maintenance device in the hot cell and to develop the maintenance processes for the process equipment, the virtual mock-up of the hot cell for the spent fuel handling process is implemented using IGRIP. For the implementation of the virtual mock-up, the parts of the equipment and maintenance devices such as the MSM and servo manipulator are modeled and assembled in 3-D graphics, and the appropriate kinematics are assigned. Also, the virtual workcell of the spent fuel management process is implemented in the graphical environment, which is the same as the real environment. Using this mock-up, the workspace of the manipulators in the hot cell and the operator's view through the wall-mounted lead glass are analyzed. Also, for the dedicated maintenance operation, the analyses for the detailed area of the end effectors in accordance with the slave manipulator's position and orientation are carried out. The parts of the equipment that are located outside of the MSM's workspace are specified and the maintenance process of the parts using the servo manipulator that is mounted in the hot cell is proposed. To monitor the process in the hot cell remotely, the virtual display system by a virtual camera in the virtual work cell is also proposed. And the graphic simulation using a virtual mock-up is performed to verify the proposed maintenance process. The maintenance process proposed in this study can be effectively used in the real hot cell operation and the implemented virtual mock-up can be used for analyzing the various hot cell operations and enhancing the reliability and safety of the spent fuel management.