• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.20 no.1 s.32
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• pp.169-176
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate inhibitory effect of Gagamtongsung-San(GTS) on the cancer. Methods : This study estimated the cytotoxicity of GTS about L1210 and NIH3T3. We used GTS extract distilled with water, n-Hexane, Ethyl acetate and Butanol. The cytotoxicitys of GTS about cancer cells and normal cells were tested using a colorimetric tetrazoliun assay(MTT assay). Results : The results of this study were obtained as follow ; l. Cytotoxicity of water extract of GTS in L1210 cell lines was significantly increased, compared with NIH3T3. 2. n-Hexane fraction of GTS had similar cytotoxicity between L1210 and NIH3T3, and that have similar $IC_{50}$ of water extract of GTS at 276 ${\mu}g/ml$ 3. Ethyl acetate fraction of GTS had low degree cytotoxicity both L1210 and NIH3T3 cell lines. 4. Butanol fraction of GTS had cytotoxicity between L1210 and NIH3T3. Significantly, Cytotoxicity of GTS in L1210 cell lines was significant increased. 5. $H_2O$ fraction of GTS had no cytotoxicity both L1210 and NIH3T3.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.863-873
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• 2016

The current study was undertaken to determine the effects of the ethanol extracts of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) seeds, flesh or leaves on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and male pig preadipocytes. The cell number was measured with the MTT assay after trypsin digestion. The cell differentiation was determined by measuring the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity and triglyceride(TG) content. No cytotoxicity was observed from the loquat flesh and leaf ethanol extracts at concentrations of 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 or $200{\mu}g/mL$ in 3T3-L1 cells and pig preadipocytes. However, the cell viability of neither cell line were affected by up $50{\mu}g/mL$ of loquat seed ethanol extract. Treatment with the loquat seed and leaf ethanol extracts significantly suppressed the terminal differentiation of both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, as confirmed by the decrease in the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GPDH) activity and TG content. Treatment with the loquat seed and leaf ethanol extracts inhibited the GPDH activity and reduced the TG content of both cell types more effectively than that with the loquat flesh ethanol extract. The most potent anti-adipogenic effect was obtained in the case of the ethanol extract of loquat seeds.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.120-125
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• 2010

Dysfunction of the virus-specific T cells is a cardinal feature in chronic persistent viral infections such as one caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV). In chronic HCV infection, virus-specific dysfunctional CD8 T cells often overexpress various inhibitory receptors. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) was the first among these inhibitory receptors that were identified to be overexpressed in functionally impaired T cells. The roles of other inhibitory receptors such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 3 (Tim-3) have also been demonstrated in T-cell dysfunctions that occur in chronic HCV patients. Blocking these inhibitory receptors in vitro restores the functions of HCV-specific CD8 T cells and allows enhanced proliferation, cytolytic activity and cytokine production. Therefore, the blockade of the inhibitory receptors is considered as a novel strategy for the treatment of chronic HCV infection.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.183-191
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• 2012

The maintenance of peripheral immune tolerance and prevention of chronic inflammation and autoimmune disease require $CD4^{+}CD25^{+}$ T cells (regulatory T cells). The transcription factor Foxp3 is essential for the development of functional, regulatory T cells, which plays a prominent role in self-tolerance. Retroviral vectors can confer high level of gene transfer and transgene expression in a variety of cell types. Here we observed that following retroviral vector-mediated gene transfer of Foxp3, transductional Foxp3 expression was increased in the liver, lung, brain, heart, muscle, spinal cord, kidney and spleen. One day after vector administration, high levels of transgene and gene expression were observed in liver and lung. At 2 days after injection, transductional Foxp3 expression level was increased in brain, heart, muscle and spinal cord, but kidney and spleen exhibited a consistent low level. This finding was inconsistent with the increase in both $CD4^{+}CD25^{+}$ T cell and $CD4^{+}Foxp3^{+}$ T cell frequencies observed in peripheral immune cells by fluorescence-activated cell-sorting (FACS) analysis. Retroviral vector-mediated gene transfer of Foxp3 did not lead to increased numbers of $CD4^{+}CD25^{+}$ T cell and $CD4^{+}Foxp3^{+}$ T cell. These results demonstrate the level and duration of transductional Foxp3 gene expression in various tissues. A better understanding of Foxp3 regulation can be useful in dissecting the cause of regulatory T cells dysfunction in several autoimmune diseases and raise the possibility of enhancing suppressive functions of regulatory T cells for therapeutic purposes.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.5 s.85
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• pp.671-677
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the effect of the water-extract from non-fermented or fermented Chaga mushrooms (Inonotus obliquus) on the proliferation and apoptosis of the NIH3T3 mouse normal fibroblast cells and various human cancer cell lines including HCT-15 human colon carcinoma, AGS human gastric carcinoma, MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma, Hep3B human hepatocellular carcinoma and HeLa human cervical carcinoma using MTT(3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl] -2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay and DNA fragmentation. In an anti-cancer test using various human cancer cells, fermented Chaga mushroom extract showed higher antiproliferating effect than that of non-fermented Chaga mushroom extract. Mouse normal NIH3T3 cells were exhibited 80% above survival under fermented or non-fermented Chngn mushroom extract of various concentrations(0, 0.5 and 1 mg/ml). Fermented Chaga mushroom extract significantly inhibited cell growth on HCT-15 cells in a dose-dependent manner. HCT-15 cells treated with non-fermented or fermented Chaga mushrooms extract produced a distinct oligonucleosomal ladder with different sizes of DNA fragments, a typical characteristic of cells undergoing apoptosis. These results suggest that fermented Chaga mushroom extract suppresses growth of HCT-15 human colon carcinoma cells through apoptosis.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2004

This study was carried out to determine the effect of corn silage and roughage feeding systems on milk yield and milk compositions. The experimental design was allotted into 3 treatments according to the feeding systems of rice straw(rice straw＋concentrate: T1), corn silage(corn silage ＋ concentrate: T2) and TMR treatment(Total mixed rate : roughage ＋ concentrate: T3). This research was carried out from Oct. 1988 to Mar. 1999 at Kimcheon Kyungbook. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The milk yield increased upon T2(31.9$\pm$3.2kg) ＞ T3(29.6$\pm$3.8kg) ＞ T1 treatment(22.5$\pm$2.0kg)(P<0.05), but cows with T2 and T3 produced the highest at third parity while T1 at forth parity. 2. The milk fat percentage was the highest at T3 treatment(3.79$\pm$0.31%), and on the other hand T1 treatment appeared the lowest percentage. Cow at 2nd parity produced the highest milk fat contend over the other parity. 3. There was no significant difference in protein content between treatments and parity, but T2 and T3 were higher than T1 4. Treatment did not affact content of SNF even though T2 and T3 of the SNF revealed to higher than T1. T5 was T3(12.51$\pm$0.57%)>T1(11.71$\pm$0.62%)>T2 treatment(11.52$\pm$0.55%). These were not significant. 5. Somatic cell counts were the highest at T1(39.6 ${\times}$ $10^4$cell/ml), but T2 treatment was the lowest as 28.7 ${\times}$ $10^4$ cell/ml. These results indicates that com silage(T2) and TMR treatment(T3) could be recommended

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.219-225
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• 2008

Taurine is the most abundant amino acid in many tissues and is found to be enhancing the bone tissue formation or inhibits the bone loss. Although it is reported that taurine reduces the alveolar bone loss through inhibiting the bone resorption, its functions of taurine and expression of taurine transporter (TauT) in bone have not been identified yet. The purpose of this study is to clarify the uptake mechanism of taurine in osteoblast using mouse osteoblast cell lines. In this study, mouse stromal ST2 cells and mouse osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells as osteoblast cell lines were used. The activity of taurine uptake was assessed by measuring the uptake of [$^3H$]taurine in the presence or absence of inhibitors. TauT mRNA was detected in ST2 and MC3T3-E1 cells. [$^3H$]Taurine uptake by these cells was dependent on the presence of extracellular calcium ion. The [$^3H$]taurine uptake in ST2 cells treated with 4 mM calcium was increased by 1.7-fold of the control which was a significant change. In contrast, in $Ca^{++}$-free condition and L-type calcium channel blockers (CCBs), taurine transport to osteocyte was significantly inhibited. In oxidative stress conditions, [$^3H$]taurine uptake was decreased by TNF-$\alpha$ and $H_2O_2$. Under the hyperosmotic conditions, taurine uptake was increased, but inhibited by CCBs in hyperosmotic condition. These results suggest that, in mouse osteoblast cell lines, taurine uptake by TauT was increased by the presence of extracellular calcium, whereas decreased by CCBs and oxidative stresses, such as TNF-$\alpha$ and $H_2O_2$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.633-640
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the cytotoxic effect of the water-extract from Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) compositions containing powdered green tea in HCT-15 human colon carcinoma, AGS human gastric carcinoma and NIH3T3 mouse normal fibroblast cells using viable cell count and MTT assay. The water-extract from Chaga mushroom compositions induced inhibitory effects on proliferation of HCT-15 and AGS cells in the MTT assay and viable cell count. However, mouse normal NIH3T3 cells were exhibited 80% survival under the same condition. Chaga mushroom compositions showed highly antiproliferative effect in human cancer cell line HCT-15 and AGS, but not in mouse normal cell line NIH3T3. These results suggest that Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) compositions containing powdered green tea are the candidate for chemoprevention in colon and gastric cancer.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.159-165
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• 1993

The studies were conducted to investigate the effect of Sinhyo-Taklee-San(STS), which is composed of Astragali Radix(AR), Lonicerae Flos(LF), Angelicae gigantis Radix(AGR) and Glycyrrhizae Radix(GR), on the proliferation of fibroblast cell(Balb/c 3T3). STS, GR and glycyrrhizin increased the proliferation of 3T3 cells. The 10% serum obtained from STS, AR, LF, AGR and GR treated mice also increased the proliferation of 3T3 cells markedly. GR, glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid inhibited protein synthesis, but did not affect on DNA synthesis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1066-1076
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• 2012

Previous observations demonstrated that various immunosuppressive agents and their combination therapies can increase allograft survival rates. However, these treatments may have serious side effects and cannot substantially improve or prolong graft survival in acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). To improve the therapeutic potency of divalent immunoadhesins, we have constructed and produced several tetravalent forms of immunoadhesins comprising each of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA4), CD2, and lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG3). Flow cytometric and T cell proliferation analyses displayed that tetravalent immunoadhesins have a higher binding affinity and more potent efficacy than divalent immunoadhesins. Although all tetravalent immunoadhesins possess better efficacies, tetravalent forms of CTLA4-Ig and LAG3-Ig revealed higher inhibitory effects on T cell proliferation than tetravalent forms of TNFR2-Ig and CD2-Ig. In vitro mixed lymphocytes reaction (MLR) showed that combined treatment with tetravalent CTLA4-Ig and tetravalent LAG3-Ig was highly effective for inhibiting T cell proliferation in both human and murine allogeneic stimulation. In addition, both single tetravalent-form and combination treatments can prevent the lethality of murine acute GVHD. The results of this study demonstrated that co-blockade of the major histocompatibility complex class (MHC)II:T cell receptor (TCR) and CD28:B7 pathways by using tetravalent human LAG3-Ig and CTLA4-Ig synergistically prevented murine acute GVHD.