• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2009

This paper presents a study on the evacuation analysis in underground arcade. In this study, the effect of the exit with a windbreak door has been investigated by using evacuation simulation program (building EXODUS). Also, the simulation has included the impact of smoke, heat and toxic gases by fire simulation program (CFAST). The results were obtained for the conditions of without and with door of the two exit with 1,088 evacuation population. As a results, for non-fire evacuation, there was only a little difference of evacuation time for both conditions. However, for fire emergency evacuation, the evacuation time for the condition with door increased more 110 seconds than for the condition without door. When the auto door not opened, the evacuation time was increased more 670 seconds than for the condition without door. Consequently, in case of fire, the automatic door should be operating by the signal of fire detector and keep open when the fire accidents. To lead the evacuees well to the escape route the luminaries for an emergency exit sign have to be reinforced to the wall and floor around the exit.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.73-83
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• 2021

The door open time, resulting from occupants evacuating from apartments, is an important parameter when assessing the performance of smoke ventilation systems in high-rise apartment buildings. However, the values recommended in UK design guidance appear to have limited substantiation. Monte Carlo simulations have been carried out considering variabilities in door swing time, flow rate and number of occupants. It has been found that the door open time can be represented by a lognormal distribution with a mean of 6.6, 8.7 and 11.1 s and a standard deviation of 1.7, 3.2 and 4.7 s for one, two and three-bedroom apartments, respectively. For deterministic analyses, it is proposed that the 95th percentile values may be adopted in line with recommended practice for other fire safety design parameters such as fuel load density and soot yield, giving door open times of 10 s to 19 s, depending on the number of bedrooms.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.185-190
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• 2010

Application of CAE analyses are wide spread in shaping processes and structural safety verification of plastic products. The importance of CAE analysis and its contributions are getting increase since the processibility and structural safety of product can be predicted. CAE analysis for complex shaped product need a lot of time for modeling and computation compare with simpler one. Therefore careful simulation modeling is required for complex shaped product. Structural analysis for plastic door handle of automobile has been performed and structural safety has been investigated for various load directions and modeling cases. Large stress occurred at the hinge in handle regardless of load direction and modeling case. Consequently hinge is considered structurally very weak among the parts in plastic door handle. It is concluded that simple modeling rather than total modeling with adequate boundary condition equivalent to real situation gives reasonable computational results with saving modeling effort and computation time.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 2019

First, three point bending analysis for the inclined press door impact beam was carried out to investigate inclination angle effect on the maximum strength with varying support distance. Next, for the system model with spring elements representing body stiffness at door mounting area, the bending structural behavior of impact beam mounted on vehicle was estimated. The mounting distance and inclination angle were changed and the beam bending buckling strength was presumed at the head displacement below which spring stiffness change has little effect on the load. Finally strength ratio to predict the bending buckling strength of impact beam mounted on vehicle from three point bending maximum strength of fixed support distance was suggested.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.115-124
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• 2020

We studied smart door lock of triple security system that strengthened the security capability as it is thought that the criminal case by security vulnerability of door lock is serious in modern society. Remote locking/unlocking function, voice recognition function through mobile phone application built on Eclipse App and optical fingerprint recognition function are implemented in the door lock. Finally, it was confirmed that the security of the door lock can be strengthened through evaluation results of the app-based operation test, the voice recognition operation test, and the fingerprint recognition operation test on the experiment-made door lock system.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.110-113
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• 2011

Platform Screen Door, PSD, is a device that seeks to prevent accidents with regards to falling off the platform and getting trapped between the trains, achieve improvements on the cleanliness of the air, address the accessibility issue of the disabled and the elderly and provide fresher environment on the platform in general. This is achieved by preventing health hazards and accidents from occurring through installation of fixed and moving doors between rail, tram and subway platforms and the railway. Domestic firms have achieved domestic production to a large degree in various Control Units including the Overall Control Unit and RF devices through investments in technology. Despite this, full domestic production of the core of the PSD system, Door Control Unit, DCU, is not yet achieved, having to install PSDs in a relatively short period of time. Currently, controllers with DC motors are developed for installation or one is faced with having to import foreign produced controllers. In this research, the control unit prototype using the BLDC motor was domestically produced. The performance of the control unit was rigorously tested through installation on Eun-Ha Rail on Wol-Mi Island.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.299-311
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• 2015

Nowadays, the distribution centres aim to reduce costs by reducing inventory and timely shipment. Cross docking is a logistics strategy in which products delivered to a distribution centre by inbound trucks are directly unloaded and transferred to outbound trucks with minimum warehouse storage. Moreover, on-time delivery in a distribution network becomes very crucial especially when several distribution centres and customers are involved. Therefore, an efficient truck scheduling is needed to synchronize the delivery throughout the network in order to satisfy all stake-holders. This paper presents a mathematical model of a mixed integer programming for door assignment and truck scheduling in a multiple inbound and outbound doors cross docking problem according to Just-In-Time concept. The objective is to find the schedule of transhipment operations to simultaneously minimize the total earliness and total tardiness of trucks. Then, a multi-objective differential evolution (MODE) is proposed with an encoding scheme and four decoding strategies, called ITSH, ITDD, OTSH and OTDD, to find a Pareto frontier for the multi-door cross docking problems. The performances of MODE are evaluated using 15 generated instances. The numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is capable of finding a set of diverse and high quality non-dominated solutions.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.23-28
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• 2012

In this study the flow rate-to-pressure difference characteristics of short-tube type damping orifices for an aircraft door damper were investigated by CFD analyses and experiments. As the design parameters of the damping orifice its diameter, inlet and outlet angle, tube length and the viscosity of the working fluid were taken into consideration. The results showed that the discharge coefficient of the orifices are dependant on the inlet and outlet angle and the oil viscosity, while their length plays an little significant role. Although the short-tube type damping orifice was employed to induce a turbulent flow, their discharge coefficient decreases rapidly as the oil viscosity gets higher than 50mm2/s. Therefore, in order to determine the orifice size, satisfying the working temperature range of the door damper, the oil viscosity as well as the friction force on the damper piston should be kept within proper values. For the verification of the CFD analysis results the actual performance of a door damper was measured and compared with them.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2015

The impact beam, a beam-shaped reinforcement installed horizontally between the inside and outside panels of car doors, is gaining importance as a solution to meet the regulations on side collision of vehicles. In order to minimize pelvis injury which is the biggest injury happening to the driver and passengers when a vehicle is subject to side collision, energy absorption at the door impact beam should be maximized. For the inner panel, the thrust into the inside of the vehicle must be minimized. The impact beam should be as light as possible so that the extent of pelvis injury to the driver and passenger during side collision of the vehicle is minimal. To achieve this, the weight of the impact beam, has to be optimized. In this study, we perform a design analysis with a goal to reduce the weight of the current impact design by 30% while ensuring stability, reliability, and comparison data of the impact beam for mass production. We conduct three-point bending stress experiments on conventional impact beams and analyze the results. In addition, we use a side-door collision test apparatus to test the performance of beams made of three (different materials: steel, aluminum, and composite beams).

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.97-103
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• 2014

Recently, digital door locks have been widely used as physical security devices for the door. Although they are convenient compared to the existing lock system, they have the problem of being opened by an electric shock. In this study, to improve safety, a method to hide the door-lock device inside and to display the door-lock on a user's smart-phone screen through the augmented reality is suggested. Furthermore, an additional function has been added which provides memo notes to facilitate communication among family members. The results of this study have been implemented by using motors to control locks, Wi-Fi shield, Arduino, and a virtually created door and showed desirable experimental results.