• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.277-280
• /
• 2007

Pepper fruit anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum acutatum, results in serious yield loss and affects crop quality in many Asian countries, making it a disease of economic consequence. A source resistant to C. acutatum was identified by the AVRDC within the line Capsicum chinense Jacq. PBC932. The resistant breeding line C. annuum AR is the $BC_3F_6$ generation derived from C. chinense Jacq. PBC932. The inheritance of resistance to C. acutatum was analyzed in segregating populations derived from the two crosses HN 11$\times$AR and Daepoong-cho$\times$AR. Detached mature green fruits were inoculated using microinjection method. The disease response was evaluated as the disease incidence at 7 DAI. The segregation ratios of resistance and susceptibility to C. acutatum in the $F_2$ and $BC_R$ populations derived from the two crosses fit significantly to a 1:3 Mendelian model. This indicates that the resistance of AR to C. acutatum is controlled by a single recessive gene.

• 음성과학
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.203-213
• /
• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the respiratory and aerodynamic function of adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD) patients. Participants were (1) 18 females SD patients with non- Botulinum toxin injection (2) 14 females SD patients who had taken treatment of Botulinum toxin injection. (3) 14 age- and sex- matched normal female controls. Spirometer and phonatory function analyzer were used for respiratory muscle pressure (MIP: Maximum inspiratory pressure), MEP: Maximum expiratory pressure)& MPT(Maximum phonation time) and aerodynamic(F0:Fundamental frequency, intensity, MFR: Mean flow late, Psub: Subglottal pressure) measurement. The results were as follows: (1) Normal group was significantly higher in MIP, MEP, MPT than two SD groups (p < .05); (2) MPT was significantly lower in SD with non-Botulinum toxin injection group than SD with the treatment experience of Botulinum toxin injection (p < .05); (3) All aerodynamic parameters, F0, intensity, MFR, Psub, were not significantly different among three groups(p > .05).The reason of short MPT in ADSD may use lower respiratory pressure than normal group as strategy to decrease their tremulous voice quality. Moreover respiratory muscle pressure was lower than normal group regardless of botulinum toxin injection treatment.

• 한국간호교육학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.83-95
• /
• 2016

Purpose: This study aims to identify perception, performance, and the related factors of performance in regards to patients' medical information protection among allied health college students. Methods: Four hundred twelve subjects from three colleges located in Jeonbuk and Kyungbuk province consented to participate. Data was collected from November 28 to December 15, 2012. To assess perception and performance in regards to patients' medical information protection, a self-reporting questionnaire was used. Data was analyzed via SPSS 18.0 program. Results: The score of perception and performance about patients' medical information protection were 4.07 and 3.56, respectively. All item's scores of performance were significantly lower than those of perception. The perception score was significantly different according to recognition of hospital ethics code (t=1.95, p=.052), and recognition of association ethics code (t=2.88, p=.004). The performance score was significantly different according to gender (t=-3.32, p=001), major (F=14.41, p<.001), clinical practicum hospitals (F=8.22, p<.001), and method of electronic medical record access (F=3.23, p=.023). The factors influencing performance were perception(${\beta}=.46$, p<.001), duration of clinical practice(${\beta}=-.36$, p<.001), and gender(${\beta}=.09$, p=.033). Conclusion: In order to improve performance in regards to patients' medical information protection of allied health college students, we should develop ethical education programs and standardize them through multidisciplinary collaboration.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.61-70
• /
• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study analyzes the characteristics of safety education in schools, experience of accidents, and safety awareness level of elementary school students. It also presents realistic guidelines for safety education, which can effectively lead to the safety behavior of students. Methods: We carried out questionnaire survey by convenient sampling method to 6th grade students of 3 elementary schools in Gyeonggi-do area that can understand the questionnaire and express their own opinion for safety awareness from February 15, 2013 to February 1, 2013. We used a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed 266 questionnaires except dishonestly answered 34 questionnaires. Results: 1. For accident occurrence by gender, male students was higher than female students. Male students was also higher than female students among students having an accident(${\chi}^2$=5.142, p=0.029). There was statistical significance in accident occurrence by how they go to school. Students going to school on foot have higher accident rate(${\chi}^2$=11.447, p=0.010). 2. In terms of safety awareness level, students having no accident was higher than students having an accident(F=3.828, p=0.005) and students usually keeping safety rules have higher safety awareness(F=14.285, p=0.000). 3. When parents give safety education to their children as often as possible, the safety awareness level of students was high(F=5.257, p=.006). 4. Students having an accident have no safety education experience than students having no accident(p<0.05). They have never had safety education from a health teacher. There was statistical significance(p<0.01). Conclusions: Accordingly, we need to make students have safety attitude to prevent safety accidents. To achieve it, safety awareness has to be inspired. Systematic and various education programs that can give connected education with local community network to the students and parents is required.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.124-134
• /
• 2013

본 연구에서는 고유동성의 SBR 개질 시멘트 모르타르의 기초적 성능을 바탕으로 콘크리트의 보수용 재료에 매우 중요한 요구성능인 부착강도에 대한 피착체의 표면에 존재하는 표면수량의 영향을 검토하는 연구가 수행하였다. 고유동성 SBR 개질 시멘트 모르타르의 기초적인 성능을 토대로 부착강도, 잔갈림성, 재료분리 저항성이 좋은 시험체를 선택하였다. 시험체는 C:F=1:1인 경우 P/C=20%, 30%의 시험체 2개, C:F=1:3인 경우 P/C=50%의 시험체 1개, 총 3개가 선택되었으며 이 3개의 배합에 대하여 피착체의 표면수량에 따른 고유동성 SBR 개질 시멘트 모르타르의 특성을 파악하였다. 표면수는 콘크리트 피착면의 단위 면적 ($cm^2$) 당 각각 0, 0.006, 0.012, 0.017, 0.024 g이 균등하게 살포되었으며, 이에 따른 연도변화, 플로우값, 부착강도, 부착파괴형상, 내균열성 및 재료분리여부를 파악하였다. 본 연구를 통해 콘크리트 피착체에 살포된 표면수는 고유동성 SBR 개질 시멘트 모르타르의 부착강도를 증진하는 효과가 있다는 결론을 얻었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.268-272
• /
• 2006

본 연구에서는 단메밀과 쓴메밀에 Viscozyme L과 Alcalase 2.4L 효소를 첨가하여 가수분해물을 제조하고, 이들의 항균, 항곰팡이, 항고혈압 활성을 조사하였다. 그 결과 효소를 첨가하지 않은 단메밀과 쓴메밀의 수율은 각각 7.92, 3.17%로 낮은 가수분해율을 보었으며 Viscozyme L을 첨가한 단메밀과 쓴메밀의 경우 18.70, 19.45% 그리고 Alcalase 2.4L을 첨가한 단메밀과 쓴메밀의 경우 24.65, 22.10%로 가장 높은 수율을 보였다. 메밀 가수분해물을 E. coli, S. typhimurium, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, S. aureus 및 L. monocytogences 균주에 대해 항균 활성을 조사한 결과, Viscozyme L을 첨가한 단메밀 가수분해물이 L. monocytogences, S. typhimurium에 대해 3-7.2 mm의 clear zone으로 항균 활성을 나타내었으며 쓴메밀 가수분해물이 S. typhimurium에 대해 5.7 mm의 clear zone으로 낮은 항균 활성을 나타내었다. A. niger, M. miehei, P. rugullosum, A. oryzae, T. reesei 균주의 항곰팡이 활성은 Viscozyme L을 첨가한 단메밀 가수분해물이 T. reesei에 대해 3.7-12 mm의 clear zone으로 강한 활성을 나타내었다. ACE 저해 활성은 효소를 첨가하지 않은 단메밀은 45.82%, 쓴메밀은 73.06%으로 나타났다. Viscozyme L을 첨가한 가수분해물의 경우 단메밀은 39.39%, 쓴메밀은 46.83%로 효소를 첨가하지 않은 메밀 가수분해물에 비해 낮은 ACE 저해활성을 보였다. 반면 Alcalase 2.4 L을 첨가한 가수분해물의 경우 단메밀 61.19%, 쓴메밀 94.48%로 가장 높은 ACE 저해활성을 나타내었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.493-504
• /
• 2005

본 연구는 상아질 접착제와 레진 시멘트의 적합성 여부를 알아보고자 시행하였다. 발거한 제3대구치의 상아질 표면을 노출시킨 후 Tescera ATL 복합레진 시편을 상아질 접착제 [All Bond 2 (Bisco), Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray), Adper Prompt L-POP (3M), One-Up Bond F (Tokuyama)]와 레진시멘트 [Choice (Bisco), Panavia F (Kuraray), RelyX ARC (3M), Bistite II DC (Tokuyama)]로 접착하고 미세인장 결합강도 및 주사전자 현미경 관찰을 시행한 결론은 다음과 같다. 1. Clearfil SE Bond와 All-Bond 2가 Prompt L-Pop과 One-Up Bond F 보다 높은 미세인장 결합강도를 보였다(p<0.05). 2. Clearfil SE Bond와 All-Bond 2 사용시 1-step 상아질 접착제보다 혼성층이 두껍고 레진 tag가 길었다.

• 조형예술학연구
• /
• 제3권
• /
• pp.33-61
• /
• 2001

Dans les arts modernes, nous ressentons souvent un $probl\`{e}me$ $disloqu\'{e}par$ rapport aux humains. Ceci ne viendrait-il pas $peut-\^{e}tre$ do notre $pens\'{e}e$ dans l' $\'{e}change$ culturelle entre le monde et nous qui s' appuie trop une $temporalit\'{e}$ et logique? Cette $the\`{s}e$ approche ce $probl\`{e}me$ $\`{a}$ travers one perception anthropologique do monde, en $\'{e}tudiant$ les arts tridimensionnels avec ses $\'{e}schelles$ qui deviennes plus on plus agrandis. Maurice Merleau-Ponty, dans son livre 'la $ph\'{e}nom\'{e}nologie$ de la perception', bien $r\'{e}sumait$ une $intersubjectivit\'{e}$ entre l' espace et nous. Selon lui, l' homme prend conscience do la forme des objets avec son environnement parce quil est un corps on interaction avec eux. Donc nous $r\'{e}f\'{e}rons$ ce livre pour notre set. Et on essayera ici d' $\'{e}tudier$ le travail do Constantin Brancusi, de Alberto Giacometti, do Richard Serra et do quelques d' autres travaux d' artistes L' oeuvre do Brancusi 'la Colonne sans fin', la taille plus de 29 m, produit one impression sur le spectateur relativement $\grave{a}$ la forme continue et $r\'{e}p\'{e}t\'{e}e$ $\`{a}$ linfini de $mani\'{e}re$ unifome. La pratique de Giacometti qui tenait compte do son envergure et de la longueur do son corps ainsi que do distance et de la mesure do sos bras, Il $d\'{e}formait$ aussi les silhouettes et transformait les objects en les $\'{e}tirant$ dans la perspective. Rosalind Krauss parler $\`{a}$ loeuvre do Serra, dans son livre 'l' originalit de lavant-garde et sutres mythes modernistes' (pp. 319-333), le spectateur est toujours on mouvement on liaison entre l' horizon do corps et celui do monde. Cette $transitivit\'{e}$ abstraite $r\'{e}ciproque$ entre le regardeur et le $regard\'{e}$, qui est comme le sujet de nombreuses oeuvres do Serra. Cependant le Maximalisme est $\`{a}$ l' origine Minimalisme qui s' $\'{e}tend$ dans ses efforts $th\'{e}oriques$ jusqu' au l' espace architecturale. Ces sculptures do grandes dimensions so situent autour de $b\^{a}timent$ ou dans lespace environnementale, comme ils sent l' architecture et le paysage. On suppose ici, leurs concepts de l' espace $\'{e}largit$ $\`{a}$ celui d' architecture. La sculpture et l' architecture $r\'{e}ciproque$ l' espace tridimensionnel entre eux, mais selon l' argument do Herbert Read pour la distinction de ces deux arts originaux sont, deux saisies de l' espace, ici englobant, $l\`{a}$ $englob\'{e}$. On $\'{e}tudie$ dans co set de concept de l' espace et de l' $\'{e}chelle$ d' objet par rapport au corps humain.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제21권12호
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 2016

Magnetic resonance image (MRI) is widely used in brain research field and medical image. Especially, non-invasive brain activation acquired image technique, which is functional magnetic resonance image (fMRI) is used in brain study. In this study, we investigate brain activation occurred by LED light stimulation. For investigate of brain activation in experimental small animal, we used high magnetic field 9.4T MRI. Experimental small animal is Balb/c mouse, method of fMRI is using echo planar image (EPI). EPI method spend more less time than any other MRI method. For this reason, however, EPI data has low contrast. Due to the low contrast, image pre-processing is very hard and inaccuracy. In this study, we planned the study protocol, which is called block design in fMRI research field. The block designed has 8 LED light stimulation session and 8 rest session. All block is consist of 6 EPI images and acquired 1 slice of EPI image is 16 second. During the light session, we occurred LED light stimulation for 1 minutes 36 seconds. During the rest session, we do not occurred light stimulation and remain the light off state for 1 minutes 36 seconds. This session repeat the all over the EPI scan time, so the total spend time of EPI scan has almost 26 minutes. After acquired EPI data, we performed the analysis of this image data. In this study, we analysis of EPI data using statistical parametric map (SPM) software and performed image pre-processing such as realignment, co-registration, normalization, smoothing of EPI data. The pre-processing of fMRI data have to segmented using this software. However this method has 3 different method which is Gaussian nonparametric, warped modulate, and tissue probability map. In this study we performed the this 3 different method and compared how they can change the result of fMRI analysis results. The result of this study show that LED light stimulation was activate superior colliculus region in mouse brain. And the most higher activated value of segmentation method was using tissue probability map. this study may help to improve brain activation study using EPI and SPM analysis.

• 한국지구과학회지
• /
• 제28권6호
• /
• pp.720-732
• /
• 2007

수도권과 경상 분지 동부일대의 98 개 지진자료에 확장 Coda 규격화법을 적용하여 $Q_P^{-1}$과 $Q_S^{-1}$을 구하였다. 중심 주파수 1.5 Hz에서 24 Hz로 증가할수록 수도권 일대의 $Q_P^{-1}$은 $(4.0{\pm}9.2){\times}10^{-3}$에서 $(4.1{\pm}4.2){\times}10^{-4}$로 $Q_S^{-1}$은 $(5.5{\pm}5.6){\times}10^{-3}$에서 $(3.4{\pm}1.3){\times}10^{-4}$로 감소한다. 경상분지 동부일대의 $Q_P^{-1}$은 $(5.4{\pm}8.8){\times}10^{-3}$에서 $(3.7{\pm}3.4){\times}10^{-4}$로 $Q_S^{-1}$은 $(5.7{\pm}4.2){\times}10^{-3}$에서 $(3.5{\pm}1.6){\times}10^{-4}$로 감소한다. 수도권 일대의 결과를 주파수의 지수형태로 나타내면 $Q_P^{-1}$와 $Q_S^{-1}$는 $0.005f^{-0.89}$ 와 $0.004f^{-0.88}$이며, 경상분지 동부 일대에서는 $0.007f^{-1.02}$와 $0.006f^{-0.99}$로 각각 나타낼 수 있다. 이는 $Q_S^{-1}$는 두 지역이 거의 유사하나 $Q_P^{-1}$값이 경상 분지 동부 일대가 수도권 일대에 비해 상대적으로 약간 높음을 알 수 있다. 이는 아마도 경상분지 동부 지역의 지각이 지진학적으로 불균질성이 다소 더 크다고 추정된다. 그러나, 세 계의 여러 다른 지역의 값과 비교해 보면 수도권 일대와 경상 분지 동부 일대 지각은 모두 순상지의 범주에 해당하는 값을 나타낸다.