• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate applicability of NIOSH lifting equation(NLE) to analysis of workload for patient transferring. In principle, the NLE is not applied to analyzing workload of patient transferring, because 1) the task is generally performed by two or more persons; 2) unlike ordinary objects, human body of patients is basically unstable load with their location of the center of mass significantly varying during lifting activity; and 3) the task is done in a restricted work space. This study was conducted through comparison of NIOSH lifting indexes(LIs) and L5/S1 compressive forces by 3DSSPP for patient transferring tasks performed by 2~6 persons. The results showed that LIs are linearly correlated with L5/S1 compressive forces with correlation coefficient of 0.92, which resulted in a significant simple linear regression equation for LIs and L5/S1 compressive forces. Consequently, it was concluded that the NLE is applicable to transferring patient only with slight modification. Based on the results, instead of 1.0 originally used by NIOSH, the LI of 1.5 was proposed as a gauge to estimate whether or not the task needs corrective action to reduce risk for developing lifting-related low back pain.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.283-291
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• 2010

이 연구의 목적은 인체모형을 이용하여 옮기기 활동을 하는 동안 발의 배치(11자 배치와 $90^{\circ}$배치)와 옮기는 지면의 높이(휠체어 좌석과 같은 높이와 다른 높이)가 허리척추에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이었다. 자발적으로 실험참여에 동의한 건강한 남성 15명을 대상으로 4가지 조건에 따라 옮기기 활동을 실시 하였다. 옮기기 활동 동안 허리척추의 작업부담을 알아보기 위해, 위팔두갈래근, 척추세움근, 넙다리근의 근활성도를 표면근전도로 측정하였고, 힘판을 이용하여 수직 지면반발력을 측정하였고, L4/L5에 가해지는 압박력을 3DSSPP를 이용하여 측정하고 분석하였다. 그 결과, 오른쪽 넙다리근의 근활성도를 제외한 나머지 근육의 근활성도는 각 조건 사이 유의한 차이가 없었다. 수직 지면반발력은 각 조건 사이 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<.05). 또한 L4/L5에 가해지는 압박력은 같은 높이인 경우 발의 배치에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<.05). 따라서 옮기기 시 발을 11자로 배치하는 것보다 발을 90°로 배치하는 것이 체중이 한쪽으로 쏠리는 경향과 L4/L5 압박력을 줄이는데 도움이 되기 때문에 환자 옮기기 시 이를 적용하는 교육이 필요할 것이다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2006

Nursing often requires heavy physical work activities such as lifting heavy loads, working in awkward postures, transferring patients, operating hazardous equipment, etc. Among various nursing tasks, patients transferring is one of the most physically demanding tasks. This study aims to investigate workload of the patients transferring, and to propose its improving methods for reducing high workload. The results showed that irrespective of methods for patients transferring and the number of workers involved, workload for most patients transferring tasks exceeded the action limit represented in terms of L5/SI compressive force of 3,400N or LI of 1.0 by NIOSH. The loads for some tasks were far larger than the maximum permissible limit of 6,400N. It is recommended that the mechanical devices for transferring patients such as ceiling crane, sling lift etc. should be introduced rather than simply increasing the number of workers in the tasks.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 소방대원이 수행하는 업무 중 중량물을 다루어야 하는 작업에 대한 분류 및 정량적 분석(NLE, 3DSSPP)을 수행하여 향후 소방대원의 중량물 관련 작업에 대한 위험도를 예측하고, 관련 위험도를 감소시키기 위한 기초 자료를 도출하고자 하였다. 도출된 위험도 등급은 위험도 점수가 3점부터 9점까지 총 7단계로 구성되었다. 가장 위험도가 높은 1등급은 나타나지 않았으며 인명구조 작업이 두 번째로 높은 2등급에 속하는 것으로 나타났다. 3등급은 파괴기구 활용, 환자 들어올리기작업 등으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과들은 소방대원의 허리 부상을 포함하는 근골격계 질환 예방을 위한 작업방법 및 장비의 개선, 교육 프로그램의 개발에 기본 토대가 될 수 있다고 판단되며, 소방대원들의 근골격계 질환에 대한 지속적인 예방을 위해서는 본 연구의 골격을 토대로 한 추후 심층적인 조사와 연구가 시급하다고 사료된다.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.266-273
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• 1999

The maximum work capacity at various shoulder angles was estimated in terms of joint moment through maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) measurement, and the result was compared to workload computed from 3-D static lifting model (3DSSPP) based upon national institute of safety and health (NIOSH) lifting guideline (1991). The electromyography (EMG) of anterior/posterior deltoid and trapezius muscle was also recorded to study the function of individual muscle during asymmetric shoulder lifting. Psychophysical workload was measured to observe the difference from MVC or biomechanical estimation. An apparatus was constructed for the study and twenty five trials including five flexion angles and five add/abduction angles were performed isometrically. Results indicated that MVC at 30 degree of flexion was the strongest whereas MVC at 120 degree was the weakest. In case of add/abduction, MVC decreased to 77 to 89 % during add/abduction compared to the MVC at neutral position. Regarding the normalized EMG value, a substantial increase was observed at 30 and 60 degree abduction. More importantly, the shoulder moment computed from maximum permissible limit (MPL) was greater than the moment at MVC condition during 30 degree adduction. Current result can be used as a reference information for a safe workplace design to prevent the shoulder from an excessive work load in industry.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2012

Objective: The aim of this study is to develop new K-OWAS on the basis of the anthropometry of Koreans considering works in shipbuilding and heavy industry for evaluation whole-body working postures. Background: Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders(WMSDs) were a leading cause of sick leaves and injuries in the industries of our country. Especially, awkward working postures and handling of heavy weight are known as a main cause of WMSDs. OWAS, RULA and REBA are much used as the method for evaluating the awkward working postures. OWAS is the working postures evaluation method that can be used for the evaluation of whole-body working postures. OWAS was the method made based on the anthropometry of the foreigner, working postures and weight does not fit our work state. Method: This method was evaluated considering the anthropometry of the Koreans, working postures and weight in shipbuilding and heavy industry work state in Korea. Results: Correlation of action level of OWAS and subjective discomfort for each body parts were not statistically significant($p{\geq}0.1$). But correlation of action level of K-OWAS and subjective discomfort for torso and waist were statistically significant($p{\leq}0.1$). Conclusion: K-OWAS was suitable in the evaluation of upper body including torso and waist. Application: New method for whole-body working postures from this study prevent WMSDs and help improvement of working environment and design of working method.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.307-313
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• 2020

Background: Many tasks in industrial and health care setting are involved with pushing and pulling tasks up or down on a ramp. An efficient method of moving cart which reduces the risk of low back pain should be concerned. This study aimed to investigate the effects of handling types (HTs) and slope on lumbar spinal load during moving a cart on a ramp. We conducted a 2 × 2 × 4 factorial design with three main factors: 2 HTs, 2 handling directions of moving a cart and 4 degrees of ramp slope. Methods: Thirty healthy male workers performed 14 tasks consist of moving a cart up and down on the ramp of 0°, 10°, 15°, and 20° degrees with pushing and pulling methods. Joint angles from a 3D motion capture system combined with subject height, body weight, and hand forces were used to calculate the spinal load by the 3DSSPP program. Results: Our results showed significant effect of HT, handling directions and slope on compression and shear force of the lumbar spine (p < 0.001). When the ramp gradient increased, the L4/5 compression forces increased in both pushing and pulling (p < 0.001) Shear forces increased in pulling and decreased in pushing in all tasks. At high slopes, pulling generated more compression and shear forces than that of pushing (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Using the appropriate technique of moving a cart on the ramp can reduce the risk of high spinal load, and the pushing is therefore recommended for moving a cart up/down on ramp gradients.