• 한국의류학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.440-447
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• 2000

The effects of DP finishing conditions including process technique and finishing agent on the mechanical properties and hand of cotton fabrics were investigated. 100% cotton fabrics were treated with NMA/DMDHEU and NMA/YF using wet-fixation and steam-fixation process. For comparison, conventional pad-dry-cure process was used with DMDHEU. After DP finishing, tensile and compressional resilience increased and bending hysteresis decreased, resulting in the improvement of dimensional stability of cotton fabric. WF and SF process rendered fabrics better shear properties, tensile energy, and compressional linearity and energy than PDC process. However, SF process produced fabrics with higher geometrical roughness than WF process. After DP finishing, primary hand values except Koshi increased, resulting in the increase of total hand value of cotton fabric.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.978-990
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• 2021

This article presents techniques for improved estimation of symbol timing offset (STO) and carrier frequency offset (CFO) for dual-polarization (DP) orthogonal frequency division multiplex (DP-OFDM) systems. Recently, quaternion multiple-input multiple-output OFDM has been proposed for high spectral efficiency communication systems, which can flexibly explore different types of diversities such as space, time, frequency, and polarization. This article focuses on synchronization techniques for DP-OFDM systems using a cyclic prefix, where the application of quaternion algebra leads to new improved estimators. Simulations performed for DP system methods show faster reduction of STO estimator variance with a double-slope line in the logvariance line versus signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) plot compared with singlepolarization (SP) counterparts, and simulations for CFO estimates show a 3-dB gain of DP over SP estimates for same SNR values defined, respectively, for quaternion-valued or complex-valued signals. Cramer-Rao bounds for STO and CFO are derived for the synchronization methods, correlating with the observed gains of DP over SP OFDM systems.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.271-274
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• 2009

Cereal $\beta$-glucans, linked essentially by mixed $\beta$-(1,4/1,3) glycosidic bonds, were extracted, purified, and structurally identified. Previously chemical structure of barley $\beta$-glucans was characterized from 3 varieties of 'Gang', 'Ohl', and 'Gwangan', and the (1,4)/(1,3) linkage ratio of the $\beta$-glucans was identical. In this study, $\beta$-glucans from 1 barley ('Chal') and 3 oat ('Ohl', 'Samhan', and 'Donghan') varieties were structurally scrutinized, and the linkage pattern of total 7 cereal $\beta$-glucans was compared. The amount of 2 major 3-O-$\beta$-cellobiosyl-D-glucose (DP3) and 3-O-$\beta$-cellotriosyl-D-glucose (DP4) from barley and oat accounted for only 66.6-73.3 and 68.12-81.89% of water-extractable $\beta$-glucan fractions, and the (1,4)/(1,3) linkage ratios of both barley and oat $\beta$-glucans were within very narrow range of 2.27-2.31 and 2.38-2.39, respectively, among the cultivars tested. Structural difference in the cereal $\beta$-glucans was evident when DP3:DP4 ratio in the $\beta$-glucan structure was compared. As a result, this ratio was significantly greater for barley $\beta$-glucan (2.26-2.74) than for oat (1.54-1.66). Chal-B had the greatest DP3 to DP4 ratio among the samples, which in turn reflected the least amount of (1,4)-linkages.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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• pp.2160-2163
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• 2005

Solid freeform fabrication (SFF) technology plays a major role in industry and represents a reasonable percentage of industrial rapid prototyping/tooling/manufacturing (RP/RT/RM) development applications. However, SFF technology still has long way to progress to achieve satisfactory process speed, surface finish and overall quality improvement of its application. Today, three dimensional printing (3DP) technique that is one of SFF technology is receiving many interests, and is applied by various fields. It can fabricate three dimensional objects of solid freeform with high speed and low cost using ink jet printing technology. However, need long curing time after manufacture completion. And it must do post-processing process necessarily to heighten strength of objects because strength of fabricated objects is very weak. Therefore, in this study, we proposed an improved 3DP process that can solve problems of conventional 3DP process. The general 3DP process is method to spout binder simply through printer head on powder, but proposed process is method to cure jetted UV resin by UV lamp after jet UV resin using printhead on powder. The hardening of resin is achieved strongly at early time by UV lamp in proposed method. So, the proposed process can fabricate three dimensional objects with high speed without any post-processing.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.247-254
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• 1996

조피볼락 배합 사료로써 dry pellet (DP)의 사용 가능성을 조사하기 위하여, 2회에 걸쳐 사육 실험을 실시하였다. 두 실험에 사용된 사료 조성은 단백질원으로 북양어분이 $56\%$ 첨가된 사료(실험1)와 경제적인 측면을 고려하여 북양어분을 $38\%$로 줄이는 대신, 대두박과 콘글루텐 밀을 $25\%$ 첨가한 사료(실험 2)를 설계하여 각각 DP 및 moist pellet (MP) 형태로 제조하였고, 양어가들이 주로 사용하고 있는 생사료(법동 메가리)와 시판 분말 사료를 1 : 1로 혼합한 생사료 MP(raw h-based MP : RMP)를 제조하였다. 4.7 g 전후의 치어를 11주간 3반복으로 사육한 실험 1의 결과, 최종적으로 평균체중 및 일일 증체율이 DP, MP 및 RMP 사료간에서 서로 유의차가 없었으며, 전어체의 단백질, 지질 및 수분 함량도 사료간에 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 사료효율은 세 실험구 중에서 RMP구가 가장 높았고(P<0.05), 사료 조성비가 같은 DP와 MP사이에서는 유의차가 없었다. 11 g 전후의 조피볼락을 8주간 사육한 실험 2에서는 성장 및 일일증체율이 RMP 실험구가 DP 실험구보다 좋았지만, MP와 RMP 실험구간에서는 유의한 성장차이가 없었다(P>0.05), 사료효율은 DP구가 가장 낮고 RMP구가 가장 높은 결과를 보였다(P<0.05). 이러한 차이는 사료 단백원 중 식물성 대체 단백원(대두박, 콘글루텐 밀)이 차지하는 비율과 RMP구의 단백질 함량이 $57\%$로 타 실험구보다 높았기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 실험 1과 2의 결과들로부터 실험 배합 사료의 물성은 조피볼락의 성장이나 사료효율에 큰 영향을 미치지 않을 것으로 보여, 보다 적합한 실용배합 사료가 개발되면, DP도 조피볼락의 배합사료로써 손색이 없을 것으로 전망된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.159-162
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• 1999

This study was carried out to determine the optimum harvest date of unshelled immature peanuts and dried kernels from 60 to 120 days after flowering. Fresh pod yield of spanish-type variety, 'Shaedl-tangkong(SD)' reached a peak of 9,140kg/ ha at 70 (days after flowering(Aug. 13) while that of virginia-type variety, 'Daepoongtangkong(DP)' reached a peak of 8,820kg/ha at 90 days(Sept. 11) after flowering. SD and DP showed maximum fresh kernel yield of 6,090 and 6,470kg/ha at 90 days after flowering (Sept. 11), respectively, while dry kernel yield reached a peak of 3,300 and 3,720kg/ha at 110 days(Oct. 1), respectively. Oil content of SD and DP were the highest at 90 days and 100 days after flowering, respectively and the oil content of two varieties increased rapidly from 60 to 90 days. Tannin content of the seed hull of SD increased continuously until 110 days after flowering while that of DP maximized at 100 days. The tannin content of the two varieties increased rapidly from 60 to 100 days. Total sugar of SD and DP showed highest content at 60 days and 70 days after flowering, respectively and suger content decreased very rapidly until 80 days and after that sugar content kept nearly constant. Oil, tannin and total sugar content of spanish-type SD were higher than those of virginia-type DP.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.105-111
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• 1995

밥의 식미가 다른 일반계와 통일계 쌀을 대상으로 아밀로펙틴과 그 베타-한계덱스트린의 분자구조적 특성을 조사하고 밥의 텍스쳐와의 관련성을 검토하였다. 쌀 전분의 아밀로펙틴 분자구조는, 아밀로펙틴과 베타-한계 덱스트린의 사슬분포로 보아, $\overline{DP}$ 12.4의 A 사슬, $\overline{DP}$ 20.6의 짧은 B 사슬, $\overline{DP}$ 26.3의 중간 B 사슬, $\overline{DP}$ 45의 긴 B 사슬과 $\overline{DP}$ 55 이상의 초장쇄로 이루어진 polymodal이었다. 아밀로펙틴의 초장쇄는 긴 직쇄를 가진 사슬로서 아밀로펙틴의 평균 사슬길이, 고유점도, 베타-아밀라아제 분해한도와 정의 상관을 보이나 요오드 복합체의 최대흡수파장과는 부의 상관을 보였다. 아밀로펙틴과 베타-한계 덱스트린의 분자구조적 성질은 일반계와 통일계 쌀 시료간 차이를 보였다. 아밀로펙틴의 A 사슬에 대한 B 사슬의 비율은 일반계가 통일계 보다 약간 높았으나 초장쇄의 분포 비율은 일반계가 통일계 보다 더 낮았다. 아밀로펙틴의 분자구조와 밥의 텍스쳐와의 관계에서, 고유점도, 베타-아밀라아제 분해한도와 사슬길이 그러고 초장쇄는 밥의 경도와 정의 상관을, 부착성과는 부의 상관을 보였다. 따라서 밥의 식감은 아밀로펙틴의 긴 사슬이 적고 짧은 사슬이 많이 분포할 수록, 밥의 경도가 낮고 부착성이 높았다. 이러한 결과는 아밀로펙틴의 분자구조가 밥의 텍스쳐와 밀접한 관계가 없음을 나타내고 있다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.515-523
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 10년간(2001 2010) IMCA에 보고된 DP 선박 LOP(Loss of Position)사고 612건에서 인적오류에 의한 사고 103건을 확인하여 이를 HFACS로 분류하였다. 그리고 이를 베이지안 네트워크에 적용하여 인적오류의 조건부 확률을 확인해 보았다. 그 결과 103건의 인적오류관련 사고는 모두 불안전한 행동에 의해서 발생하였고 이들 중 기술 기반 오류가 70건(68.00 %)으로 가장 큰 인적오류 비율을 차지하였다. 기술 기반 오류 중에서는 부주의한 DP 선박 운용 60건(58.3%), 절차 미 준수 8건(7.8%)이었고, 의사결정 오류에 의한 잘못된 조종이 21건(20.8%)을 차지하였다. 이러한 HFACS 분류의 베이지안 네트워크 적용을 통해서는 불안전한 감독(68%)이 불안전한 행동의 가장 큰 잠재적 요인으로 작용하고 있다는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 HFACS와 연계한 베이지안 네트워크는 인적오류를 분석하는 데 유용한 도구임을 확인 할 수 있었고, 분석 결과를 바탕으로 DP 선박안전 운용을 위한 정책, 내부 관계, 훈련등과 같은 인적오류를 경감 및 제거하기 위한 권고 9가지를 제안하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.933-941
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• 2021

Ginsenoside Rg4 is a rare ginsenoside that is naturally found in ginseng, and exhibits a wide range of biological activities including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in several cell types. The purpose of this study was to use an in vivo model of hair follicle (HF)-mimic based on a human dermal papilla (DP) spheroid system prepared by three-dimensional (3D) culture and to investigate the effect of Rg4 on the hair-inductive properties of DP cells. Treatment of the DP spheroids with Rg4 (20 to 50 ㎍/ml) significantly increased the viability and size of the DP spheres in a dose-dependent manner. Rg4 also increased the mRNA and protein expression of DP signature genes that are related to hair growth including ALP, BMP2, and VCAN in the DP spheres. Analysis of the signaling molecules and luciferase reporter assays further revealed that Rg4 induces the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and the inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3β, which activates the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. These results correlated with not only the increased nuclear translocation of β-catenin following the treatment of the DP spheres with Rg4 but also the significant elevation of mRNA expression of the downstream target genes of the WNT/β-catenin pathway including WNT5A, β-catenin, and LEF1. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that ginsenoside Rg4 promotes the hair-inductive properties of DP cells by activating the AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway in DP spheres, suggesting that Rg4 could be a potential natural therapy for hair growth.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.1114-1123
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• 2015

Bushing is the key link to connect outer and inner insulating systems and also the essential electric accessory in electric power system, especially in the high voltage engineering (AC 1000kV, DC 800kV). This paper presented the experimental research of thermal aging characteristic of oil-paper insulation used in bushing. A thermally accelerated aging experiment at 90℃ was performed. The bushing models containing five layers of paper were sealed into the aging vessels and further aged for 250 days. Then several important parameters associated with the aging were observed and evaluated. The results showed that the degree of polymerization (DP) of papers gradually decreased. The DP values of outermost layer and middle layer fit well into the second-order kinematic model and first-order kinematic model, respectively. Less deterioration speed of the inter-layer paper than outer layer was confirmed by the variation of DP. Hydrolysis was considered as the main cause to this phenomenon. In addition, the logarithm of the furfural concentrations in insulation oil was found to have good linear relationship with DP of papers. Interestingly, when the aging time is about 250 days and DP is 419, the aging process reaches an inflection point at which the DP approaches the leveling off degree of polymerization (LODP) value. Both tanδ and acid number of oils increased, while surface and volume resistivity of papers decreased. The obtained results demonstrated that thermal aging and moisture absorbed in papers brought great influence to the degradation of insulating paper, leading to rapid decrease of DP and increase of the tanδ. Thus, the bushing should be avoided from damp and real-time monitoring to the variation of tanδ and DP values of paper is an effective way to evaluate the insulation status of bushing.