• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.66-71
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• 1986

The studies were carried out to screen the optimum conditions for enzymatic degumming of raw silk yarn and silk fabric by use of Alkalase, a protease produced by Bacteria, comparing with Papain and Trypsin representing natural proteolytic enzymes. 1. The optimum temperature and acidity of degumming solution were 70$^{\circ}C$, pH 5-6 for Papain degumming, 40$^{\circ}C$, pH 8 for Trypsin and 50-60$^{\circ}C$ pH 8-9 for Alkalase. 2. By increasing the Alkalase concentration in the range of 0.6 to 1.0 gram per liter, the time for enzymatic degumming of silk yarn could be reduced by 40 minutes. 3. In degumming of silk yarn by Alkalase, the pretreatment of 95$^{\circ}C$, 10 minutes at 0.1% sodium bicarbonate solution or posttreatent of 80$^{\circ}C$, 20 minutes at 2% (o.w.f.) sodium silicate solution improved the efficiency of enzymatic degumming, as compared to that of nontreatment. 4. The breaking strength, elongation and Lousiness results of enzymatically degummed silk yarn were apt to be improved more than those of soap-degummed one. 5. When the pretreatment of alkaline solution was done with over 20% of degumming ratio, the enzymatic degumming efficiency of both Havutae and Crepe de chine could be reached to the same level with those of soap-soda degummed. 6. As the pretreated silk fabric with 20% of degumming ratio was under action of three proteases, respectively, the deumming efficiency of Havutae and Crepe de chine were completed by Alkalase more than by Papain or Trpysin. 7. The stiffness of enzymatically degummed Crepe de chine was not only reduced by 17% more than that of soap-soda degummed one but also the Drape coefficient was decreased in enzymatically degummed fabrics, which was closely related with the soft touch of degummed fabrics.

• 지역과문화
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.27-48
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• 2021

In recent years, China's tourism performing art in a series of new completion of the project, increase the box office of tourism performing arts industry, higher economic income, at the same time led to the formation of brand of tourism performing arts and has a good reputation, with the regional culture, has a certain role in promoting economic development, including Large scenario experience drama is one of the key projects. Large scenario experience drama is a new form of drama that simulates the space design of real environment and enables the audience to have active experience in visual, auditory, smell, taste, touch and other senses with strong interactivity.Large scenario experience drama are adapted from traditional Chinese culture, regional culture and long-passed stories, and combine high technology such as lighting, sound effects, special effects and 3D effects to make the audience's experience more real.As the first Large scenario experience drama in China, 'You Jian Ping-yao' reflects the profound culture of Shanxi with new forms of expression and creative means, in the form of scene experience and make the audience more intuitive feel the 'Shanxi emotion', 'Shanxi sentiment' and 'Shanxi Morality', carry forward the traditional culture at the same time, also passed the Shanxi ancient and great values, strengthened the drama of China's movie village, impetus the development of the tourism industry in Shanxi, drive the Shanxi region of jingjing, gradually formed a complete industrial chain. However, there are also limitations such as improper plot connection and improper tourist management, which can improve the performance effect through more audience interaction and guidance. Therefore, it can be seen that large-scale situational experience dramas play a great role in promoting the dissemination of traditional culture and values, the development of tourism industry, the formation of regional brand characteristics and economic development. Through these, it can be seen that large-scale situational experience plays have enlightenments such as innovative thinking content, gradually forming an industrial chain closed-loop, and broadening publicity channels for the development of live-action performances.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.47-50
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• 1985

The physical properties of graft polymerized silk fibre were investigated with various vinyl monomers. 1. The graft polymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate onto raw silk reduced the tenacity and elongation of raw silk due to fixation of sericin covering silk fibre in, but the styrene grafting was more effective for sericin fixation of raw silk than the methyl methacrylate one. 2. The water absorbability of glycidyl methacrylate grafted silk increased 14.6% greater than that of methyl methacrylate grafted silk at the same degree of grafting polymerization. 3. The degree of grafting polymerization was increased mostly with ethylene glycol methacrylate. The water absorbability of ethylene glycol methacrylate grafted silk was higher than that of glycidyl methacrylate or ethyl acrylate grafted silk. But the grafted silk fabric increased the fabric flexural rigidity which was negatively related with the favorability of fabric hand-touch, as compared with that of nongrafted silk fabric. 4. The evenness of graft polymerization could be improved by agitating the polymerization bath at the fixed interval by reducing the inter size deviation of grafted silk skein and the thickness deviation of grafted silk fabric.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.17-25
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• 2007

The purpose of the study is to give basic data for the improvement of the skill and to show an exemplary position for squash club members or trainers thru a comparative analysis on the kinematics and kinetics variables on the forehand drive motion in playing squash. The objects of the research are divided into two sections, skilled group(n=8) and unskilled group(n=8). The skilled group is composed of professional players currently working and unskilled group is career of six month, both of lives in B city. In this research, to gather the data 3D motion analysis and test result analysis using force platform was used. The variables are duration, position, segment velocity, segment acceleration and etc. in using force platform. The results are as follows: 1. The duration per phase of the skilled is 0.18sec P1(DS) while that of unskilled is 0.32sec. in P2(FT), the duration of the skilled is 0.29sec, that of unskilled is 0.34sec. Average of the duration of the skilled is 0.48sec, while the unskilled, 0.66sec. 2. Regarding positional movements per event, the unskilled has a relatively higher position in center of gravity, shoulder joint, elbow joint compared with that of the skilled. Generally speaking, positions of the unskilled is higher than the skilled. 3. In segment velocity per event, R-shank, R-upper arm, R-forearm and racket. The skilled is faster than the unskilled. we found a big dig difference in shank. 4. In acceleration per event, there was a big difference in upper-arm and fore-arm of the impact. 5. The skilled group on the force platform shows relatively stable and regular changes while the unskilled shows unstable from the touch down to initial 20% the force value of central support period after the impact moment decreases rapidly and the center of gravity is not moved well. 6. The maximum force value of the skilled is 1019.7N. it is found 19.86% of the total duration. That of the unskilled is 639.2N, it is found 20.67% of total duration.

• Archives of design research
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• v.13
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• pp.153-162
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• 1996

The residence space has been in the trend of being expanded with the J'l'cent economic growth Therefore PAC may be said to have [wen from business use to home US(: the progressed living standard as the goods ior Uw "ummel' S('dSOn rest'ntly though sold in Uw fast for mainly buslTw"s use. PAC has been in the demand day ;lner day and in the tn'nd on the bc,ing the necessJty of the n'sent wf',lther warming phenomenon This study is the case study nf the products development and design process of PAC which has bpcn llrivcn and developed by Gold Star Co. ,Ltd. Which .is the firm for home electric appliances representing Korea. This studies for the development and the design of the products by the firm thus emphasizing the visulizing it based on this study. For example as they being the goods for the summer season I have tried to know the physical quakity and the characters of koreans by the weather conditions and estimated the demand by setting up the target customers of the PAC as the customers' environment. And I analyzed the acts in the living room in the apartments as the living envinorment which has the direct relation with PAC and also became a help to the moulding work of PAC by analyzing the complete interior image in the living room. In the practical moulding work the Design concept was classified into the envinorment of customer, living and products to drive as the below. Firstly - New shape (Round slim) has been realized which leads the minimizing the moulding space and visul sense of opening as its being spacious. The 2nd - the high class sense of the products which are harmonious with the atmosphere of the living room by making it interiorized has been visible. The 3rd - The shape stimulating the sensitivity of the users and surface treatment are emphasized by making it be touched. The 4th - During inviting use of technology image which appears in the electronics products are attemptedby making it be high quality.king it be high quality.

• 전기의세계
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• v.2
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• pp.6-14
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• 1949

Telemetering may be described as the art of metering at a considerable distance those quantities which are ordinarily encountered in industry, and in the generation of electric power. It is in the production of electric power that telemetering is particularly important, for it permits the system operator, or load dispatcher, to have before him at all times a continuous graphic record of the power output of each individual generating station together with an automatically made continuous graphic record of the total system output. There desired individual graphic records may be obtained showing power flow in or out, on important tie lines, etc. Such arrangements have the very great advantage that loads may be assigned to each generating station so that the best over-all system economy may be obtained and the system operator at all times may see with his own eyes that loads scheduled are actually held at the various stations. Moreover, with such equipment, in the event of system or station trouble the load dispatcher can see exactly what station, or stations, are affected and to what extent, without having to get in touch with anyone by telephone. Decisions can, therefore, be quickly reached for rescheduling the load. One of the most accurate and reliable telemetering systems is based on the use of potentiometric circuits, the fundamentals of which are discussed below. A member of such telemetering systems have been installed for the Boston Edicon Co., Boston, Massachusetts, the Consolidated Edison Co. of New York City. The Public Service Gas & Electric Co. of Newark, new Jersey. The Philadelphia Electric Co. for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and the Pennsylvania Railroad Co. for their electrified zone between New York and Washington a distance of over 200 miles. The scale of the totalizing recorder for the New York area is 3,000,00 KW. That of the totalizing recorder for the Philadelphia area is 2,000,000 KW. The initial installation using this type of equipment described was placed in service for the Philadelphia Electric Co. in 1923. All of the original recording instruments are still in service, later instruments have been added to take care of additions to the power system and naturally these later recorders have incorporated in those refinements in design made since the earlier ones were manufactured. Many other installations of similar equipment have been made in the United States in various locations such as at St. Louis, on the West Coast, at Baltimore and in Washington, D.C. While the use of these basic potentiometric circuits involves the use of continuous metallic circuits of good insulation resistance and free of grounds, nevertheless, intermediate transmission links, involving and impulse method suitable for use on telephone Morse carrier channels is available. This same method may be employed on power line carrier systems and is also suitable for use on beam type microwave transmission. Many impulse type units are also used as a link in these potantiometric methods. For the sake of brevity a description is given only of these basic potentiometric circuits. If there is sufficient interest in Korea, a further paper can be given covering those impulse circuits also.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.53-69
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• 2011

Vision and voice-based technologies are commonly utilized for human-robot interaction. But it is widely recognized that the performance of vision and voice-based interaction systems is deteriorated by a large margin in the real-world situations due to environmental and user variances. Human users need to be very cooperative to get reasonable performance, which significantly limits the usability of the vision and voice-based human-robot interaction technologies. As a result, touch screens are still the major medium of human-robot interaction for the real-world applications. To empower the usability of robots for various services, alternative interaction technologies should be developed to complement the problems of vision and voice-based technologies. In this paper, we propose the use of accelerometer-based gesture interface as one of the alternative technologies, because accelerometers are effective in detecting the movements of human body, while their performance is not limited by environmental contexts such as lighting conditions or camera's field-of-view. Moreover, accelerometers are widely available nowadays in many mobile devices. We tackle the problem of classifying acceleration signal patterns of 26 English alphabets, which is one of the essential repertoires for the realization of education services based on robots. Recognizing 26 English handwriting patterns based on accelerometers is a very difficult task to take over because of its large scale of pattern classes and the complexity of each pattern. The most difficult problem that has been undertaken which is similar to our problem was recognizing acceleration signal patterns of 10 handwritten digits. Most previous studies dealt with pattern sets of 8~10 simple and easily distinguishable gestures that are useful for controlling home appliances, computer applications, robots etc. Good features are essential for the success of pattern recognition. To promote the discriminative power upon complex English alphabet patterns, we extracted 'motion trajectories' out of input acceleration signal and used them as the main feature. Investigative experiments showed that classifiers based on trajectory performed 3%~5% better than those with raw features e.g. acceleration signal itself or statistical figures. To minimize the distortion of trajectories, we applied a simple but effective set of smoothing filters and band-pass filters. It is well known that acceleration patterns for the same gesture is very different among different performers. To tackle the problem, online incremental learning is applied for our system to make it adaptive to the users' distinctive motion properties. Our system is based on instance-based learning (IBL) where each training sample is memorized as a reference pattern. Brute-force incremental learning in IBL continuously accumulates reference patterns, which is a problem because it not only slows down the classification but also downgrades the recall performance. Regarding the latter phenomenon, we observed a tendency that as the number of reference patterns grows, some reference patterns contribute more to the false positive classification. Thus, we devised an algorithm for optimizing the reference pattern set based on the positive and negative contribution of each reference pattern. The algorithm is performed periodically to remove reference patterns that have a very low positive contribution or a high negative contribution. Experiments were performed on 6500 gesture patterns collected from 50 adults of 30~50 years old. Each alphabet was performed 5 times per participant using $Nintendo{(R)}$ $Wii^{TM}$ remote. Acceleration signal was sampled in 100hz on 3 axes. Mean recall rate for all the alphabets was 95.48%. Some alphabets recorded very low recall rate and exhibited very high pairwise confusion rate. Major confusion pairs are D(88%) and P(74%), I(81%) and U(75%), N(88%) and W(100%). Though W was recalled perfectly, it contributed much to the false positive classification of N. By comparison with major previous results from VTT (96% for 8 control gestures), CMU (97% for 10 control gestures) and Samsung Electronics(97% for 10 digits and a control gesture), we could find that the performance of our system is superior regarding the number of pattern classes and the complexity of patterns. Using our gesture interaction system, we conducted 2 case studies of robot-based edutainment services. The services were implemented on various robot platforms and mobile devices including $iPhone^{TM}$. The participating children exhibited improved concentration and active reaction on the service with our gesture interface. To prove the effectiveness of our gesture interface, a test was taken by the children after experiencing an English teaching service. The test result showed that those who played with the gesture interface-based robot content marked 10% better score than those with conventional teaching. We conclude that the accelerometer-based gesture interface is a promising technology for flourishing real-world robot-based services and content by complementing the limits of today's conventional interfaces e.g. touch screen, vision and voice.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.8-12
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• 1974

1. If one unity is given to the prongs whose ends touch each other for estimating the internal stresses occuring in it, the internal stresses which are developed in the open prongs can be evaluated by the ratio to the unity. In accordance with the above statement, an equation was derived as follows. For employing this equation, the prongs should be made as shown in Fig. I, and be measured A and B' as indicated in Fig. l. A more precise value will result as the angle (J becomes smaller. $CH=\frac{(A-B') (4W+A) (4W-A)}{2A[(2W+(A-B')][2W-(A-B')]}{\times}100%$ where A is thickness of the prong, B' is the distance between the two prongs shown in Fig. 1 and CH is the value of internal stress expressed by percentage. It precision is not required, the equation can be simplified as follows. $CH=\frac{A-B'}{A}{\times}200%$ 2. Under scheduled drying condition III the kiln, when the weight of a sample board is constant, the moisture content of the shell of a sample board in the case of a normal casehardening is lower than that of the equilibrium moisture content which is indicated by the Forest Products Laboratory, U. S. Department of Agriculture. This result is usually true, especially in a thin sample board. A thick unseasoned or reverse casehardened sample does not follow in the above statement. 3. The results in the comparison of drying rate with five different kinds of wood given in Table 1 show that the these drying rates, i.e., the quantity of water evaporated from the surface area of I centimeter square per hour, are graded by the order of their magnitude as follows. (1) Ginkgo biloba Linne (2) Diospyros Kaki Thumberg. (3) Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. (4) Larix kaempheri Sargent (5) Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc. It is shown, for example, that at the moisture content of 20 percent the highest value revealed by the Ginkgo biloba is in the order of 3.8 times as great as that for Castanea crenata Sieb. & Zucc. which has the lowest value. Especially below the moisture content of 26 percent, the drying rate, i.e., the function of moisture content in percentage, is represented by the linear equation. All of these linear equations are highly significant in testing the confficient of X i. e., moisture content in percentage. In the Table 2, the symbols are expressed as follows; Y is the quantity of water evaporated from the surface area of 1 centimeter square per hour, and X is the moisture content of the percentage. The drying rate is plotted against the moisture content of the percentage as in Fig. 2. 4. One hundred times the ratio(P%) of the number of samples occuring in the CH 4 class (from 76 to 100% of CH ratio) within the total number of saplmes tested to those of the total which underlie the given SR ratio is measured in Table 3. (The 9% indicated above is assumed as the danger probability in percentage). In summarizing above results, the conclusion is in Table 4. NOTE: In Table 4, the column numbers such as 1. 2 and 3 imply as follows, respectively. 1) The minimum SR ratio which does not reveal the CH 4, class is indicated as in the column 1. 2) The extent of SR ratio which is confined in the safety allowance of 30 percent is shown in the column 2. 3) The lowest limitation of SR ratio which gives the most danger probability of 100 percent is shown in column 3. In analyzing above results, it is clear that chestnut and larch easly form internal stress in comparison with persimmon and pine. However, in considering the fact that the revers, casehardening occured in fir and ginkgo, under the same drying condition with the others, it is deduced that fir and ginkgo form normal casehardening with difficulty in comparison with the other species tested. 5. All kinds of drying defects except casehardening are developed when the internal stresses are in excess of the ultimate strength of material in the case of long-lime loading. Under the drying condition at temperature of $170^{\circ}F$ and the lower humidity. the drying defects are not so severe. However, under the same conditions at $200^{\circ}F$, the lower humidity and not end coated, all sample boards develop severe drying defects. Especially the chestnut was very prone to form the drying defects such as casehardening and splitting.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.44 no.2 s.314
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• pp.37-46
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• 2007

In this paper, we propose technologies for enhancing the immersive realization of virtual objects in AR-based product design. Generally, multimodal senses such as visual/auditory/tactile feedback are well known as a method for enhancing the immersion in case of interaction with virtual objects. By adapting tangible objects we can provide touch sensation to users. A 3D model of the same scale overlays the whole area of the tangible object so the marker area is invisible. This contributes to enhancing immersion. Also, the hand occlusion problem when the virtual objects overlay the user's hands is partially solved, providing more immersive and natural images to users. Finally, multimodal feedback also creates better immersion. In our work, both vibrotactile feedback through page motors, pneumatic tactile feedback, and sound feedback are considered. In our scenario, a game-phone model is selected, by way of proposed augmented vibrotactile feedback, hands occlusion-reduced visual effects and sound feedback are provided to users. These proposed methodologies will contribute to a better immersive realization of the conventional AR system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.4
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• pp.87-114
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• 1981

A costume reveals the social characteristics of the era in which it is worn, thus we can say that the history of change of the costume is the history of change of the living culture of the era. Since the Three States era, the costume structure of this country had been affected by the costume system of the China's historical dynasties in the form of the grant therefrom because of geographical conditions, which affection was conspicuous for the bureaucrat class, particularly including but not limited to the Kings' familities. Such a grant of the costume for the bureaucrat class (i.e., official uniform) was first given by the Dang-dynasty at the age of Queen Jinduck, the 28th of the Shilla-dynasty. Since then, the costume for the bureaucrats had consecutively been affected as the ages had gone from the unified Shilla, to the Koryo and to the Yi-dynasty. As the full costumes officially used by government officials (generally called "Baek Gwan") in the Yidynasty, there existed Jo-bok, Gong-bok and Sang-bok. Of such official costumes, Gong-bok was worn at the time of conducting official affairs of the dynasty, making a respectful visit for the expression of thanks or meeting diplomatic missions of foreign countries. It appears no study was made yet with regard to the Gong-bok while the studies on the Jo-bok and the Sangbok were made. Therefore, this article is, by rendering a study and research on the styles of costumes of civil servants' stone images erected at the Kings' tombs of the Yi-dynasty, to help the persons concerned understand the Gong-bok, one of the official costume for Baek Kwan of that age and further purports to specifically identify the styles and changes of the Gong-bok, worn by Baek Gwan during the Yi-dynasty, consisting of the Bok-doo (a hat, four angled and two storied with flat top), Po (gown), Dae (belt), and Hol (small and thin plate which was officially held by the government officials in hand, showing the courtesy to and writing brief memorandums before the King) and Hwa (shoes). For that purpose, I investigated by actually visiting the tombs of the Kings of the Yi-dynasty including the Geonwon-neung, the tomb of the first King Tae-jo and the You-neung, the tomb of the 27th King Soon-jong as well as the tombs of the lawful wives and concubines of various Kings, totalling 29 tombs and made reference to relevant books and records. Pursuant. to this study, of the 29 Kings' tombs the costume styles of civil servants' stone images erected at the 26 Kings' tombs are those of Gong-bok for Baek-gwan of the Yi-dynasty wearing Bok-doo as a hat and Ban-ryeong or Dan-ryenog Po as a gown with Dae, holding Hol in hand and wearing shoes. Other than those of the 26 tombs, the costume styles of the Ryu-neung, the tomb of the Moon-jo who was the first son of 23rd King Soon-jo and given the King's title after he died and of the You-neung, the tomb of the 27th King Soon-jong are those of Jobok with Yang-gwan (a sort of hat having stripes erected, which is different from the Bok-doo), and that of the Hong-neung, the tomb of the 26th King Go-jong shows an exceptional one wearing Yang-gwan and Ban-ryeong Po ; these costume styles other than Gongbok remain as the subject for further study. Gong-bok which is the costume style of civil servants' stone images of most of the Kings' tombs had not been changed in its basic structure for about 500 years of the Yi-dynasty and Koryo categorized by the class of officials pursuant to the color of Po and materials of Dae and Hol. Summary of this costume style follows: (1) Gwan-mo (hat). The Gwan-mo style of civil servants' stone images of the 26 Kings' tombs, other than Ryu-neung, Hong-neung and You-neung which have Yang-gwan, out of the 29 Kings' tombs of the Yi-dynasty reveals the Bok-doo with four angled top, having fore-part and back-part divided. Back part of the Bok-doo is double the fore-part in height. The expression of the Gak (wings of the Bokdoo) varies: the Gyo-gak Bok-doo in that the Gaks, roundly arisen to the direction of the top, are clossed each other (tombs of the Kings Tae-jong), the downward style Jeon-gak Bok-doo in that soft Gaks are hanged on the shoulders (tombs of the Kings Joong-jong and Seong-jong) and another types of Jeon-gak Bok-doo having Gaks which arearisen steeply or roundly to the direction of top and the end of which are treated in a rounded or straight line form. At the lower edge one protrusive line distinctly reveals. Exceptionally, there reveals 11 Yang-gwan (gwan having 11 stripes erected) at the Ryu-neung of the King Moon-jo, 9 Yang-gwan at the Hong-neung of the King Go-jong and 11 Yang-gwan at the You-neung of the King Soon-jong; noting that the Yang-gwan of Baek Kwan, granted by the Myeong-dynasty of the China during the Yi-dynasty, was in the shape of 5 Yang-gwan for the first Poom (class) based on the principle of "Yideung Chaegang" (gradual degrading for secondary level), the above-mentioned Yang-gwans are very contrary to the principle and I do not touch such issue in this study, leaving for further study. (2) Po (gown). (a) Git (collar). Collar style of Po was the Ban-ryeong (round collar) having small neck-line in the early stage and was changed to the Dan-ryeong (round collar having deep neck-line) in the middle of the: dynasty. In the Dan-ryeong style of the middle era (shown at the tomb of the King Young-jo); a, thin line such as bias is shown around the internal side edge and the width of collar became wide a little. It is particularly noted that the Ryu-neung established in the middle stage and the You-neung in the later stage show civil servants in Jo-bok with the the Jikryeong (straight collar) Po and in case of the Hong-neung, the Hong-neung, the tomb of the King Go-jong, civil servants, although they wear Yang-gwan, are in the Ban-ryeong Po with Hoo-soo (back embroidery) and Dae and wear shoes as used in the Jo-bok style. As I could not make clear the theoretical basis of why the civil servants' costume styles revealed, at these tombs of the Kings are different from those of other tombs, I left this issue for further study. It is also noted that all the civil servants' stone images show the shape of triangled collar which is revealed over the Godae-git of Po. This triangled collar, I believe, would be the collar of the Cheomri which was worn in the middle of the Po and the underwear, (b) Sleeve. The sleeve was in the Gwan-soo (wide sleeve) style. having the width of over 100 centimeter from the early stage to the later stage arid in the Doo-ri sleeve style having the edge slightly rounded and we can recognize that it was the long sleeve in view of block fold shaped protrusive line, expressed on the arms. At the age of the King Young-jo, the sleeve-end became slightly narrow and as a result, the lower line of the sleeve were shaped curved. We can see another shape of narrow sleeve inside the wide sleeve-end, which should be the sleeve of the Cheom-ri worn under the Gong-bok. (c) Moo. The Moo revealed on the Po of civil servants' stone images at the age of the King Sook-jong' coming to the middle era. Initially the top of the Moo was expressed flat but the Moo was gradually changed to the triangled shape with the acute top. In certain cases, top or lower part of the Moo are not reveald because of wear and tear. (d) Yeomim. Yeomim (folding) of the Po was first expressed on civil servants' stone images of the Won-neung, the tomb of the King Young-jo and we can seemore delicate expression of the Yeomim and Goreum (stripe folding and fixing the lapel of the Po) at the tomb of the Jeongseong-wanghoo, the wife of the King Young-jo, At the age of the King Soon-jo, we can see the shape of Goreum similar to a string rather than the Goreum and the upper part of the Goreum which fixes Yeomim was expressed on the right sleeve. (3) Dae. Dae fixed on the Po was placed half of the length of Po from the shoulders in the early stage. Thereafter, at the age of the King Hyeon-jong it was shown on the slightly upper part. placed around one third of the length of Po. With regard to the design of Dae, all the civil servants' stone images of the Kings' tombs other than those of the Geonwon-neung of the King Tae-jo show single or double protrusive line expressed at the edge of Dae and in the middle of such lines, cloud pattern, dangcho (a grass) pattern, chrysanthemum pattern or other various types of flowery patterns were designed. Remaining portion of the waist Dae was hanged up on the back, which was initially expressed as directed from the left to the right but thereafter expressed. without orderly fashion,. to the direction of the left from the right and vice versa, Dae was in the shape of Yaja Dae. In this regard, an issue of when or where such a disorderly fashion of the direction of the remaining portion of waist Dae was originated is also presented to be clarified. In case of the Ryuneung, Hong-neung and You-neung which have civil servants' stone images wearing exceptional costume (Jo-bok), waist Dae of the Ryu-neung and Hong-neung are designed in the mixture of dual cranes pattern, cosecutive beaded pattern and chrvsenthemum pattern and that of You-neung is designed in cloud pattern. (4) Hol. Although materials of the Hol held in hand of civil servants' stone images are not identifiable, those should be the ivory Hol as all the Baek Gwan's erected as stone images should be high class officials. In the styles, no significant changes were found, however the Hol's expressed on civil servants' stone images of the Yi-dynasty were shaped in round top and angled bottom or round top and bottom. Parcicularly, at the age of the King Young-jo the Hol was expressed in the peculiar type with four angles all cut off. (5) Hwa (shoes). As the shoes expressed on civil servants' stone images are covered with the lower edges of the Po, the styles thereof are not exactly identifiable. However, reading the statement "black leather shoes for the first class (1 Poom) to ninth class (9 Poom)," recorded in the Gyeongkook Daejon, we can believe that the shoes were worn. As the age went on, the front tips of the shoes were soared and particularly, at the Hong-neung of the King Go-jong the shoes were obviously expressed with modern sense as the country were civilized.