• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.383-389
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• 2000

This paper presents a stereo camera system that provides a Pair of stereo images using a Biprism. The equivalent of a stereo Pair of images is formed as the left and right halves of a single CCD image. The system is therefore cheap and extremely easy to calibrate since it requires only one CCD camera. An additional advantage of the geometrical set-up is that corresponding features lie on the same scanline automatically, The single camera and Biprism have led to a simple stereo system for which correspondence is very easy and which is accurate for nearby objects in a small field of view. Since we use only a single lens, calibration of the system is greatly simplified. Given the parameters in the Biprism-stereo camera system, we can reconstruct the 3-D structure using only the disparity between the corresponding points.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2022

Image-based 3D object detection is one of the important and difficult problems in autonomous driving and robotics, and aims to find and represent the location, dimension and orientation of the object of interest. It generates three dimensional (3D) bounding boxes with only 2D images obtained from cameras, so there is no need for devices that provide accurate depth information such as LiDAR or Radar. Image-based methods can be divided into three main categories: monocular, stereo, and multi-view 3D object detection. In this paper, we investigate the recent state-of-the-art models of the above three categories. In the multi-view 3D object detection, which appeared together with the release of the new benchmark datasets, NuScenes and Waymo, we discuss the differences from the existing monocular and stereo methods. Also, we analyze their performance and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of them. Finally, we conclude the remaining challenges and a future direction in this field.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.605-611
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• 2019

3D Vision system has many applications recently but popularization have many problems that need to be overcome. Volumetric display may process a amount of visual data and design the high efficient vision system for display. In case of stereo system for volumetric display, disparity vectors from the stereoscopic sequences and residual images with the reference images has been transmitted, and the reconstructed stereoscopic sequences have been displayed at the receiver. So central issue for the design of efficient volumetric vision system lies in selecting an appropriate stereo matching and robust vision system. In this paper, we propose high efficient vision system with the reduction of rectification error which can perform the 3D data extraction efficiently with low computational complexity. In experimental results with proposed vision system, the proposed method can perform the 3D data extraction efficiently with reducing rectification error and low computational complexity.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.163-172
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• 2003

A stereo matching has been an important tool for the reconstruction of 3D terrain. The current state of stereo matching technology has reached the level where a very elaborate DEM(Digital Elevation Map) can be obtained. However, there still exist many factors causing DEM error in stereo matching. This paper propose a new method to reduce the error caused by the lack of significant features in the correlation window The proposed algorithm keeps the correlation window as small as possible, as long as there is a significant feature in the window. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method increases the DEM accuracy by $72.65\%$ in the plain area and $41.96\%$ in the mountain area over the conventional scheme. Comparisons with Kanade's result show that the proposed method eliminates spike type of errors more efficiently than Kanade's adaptive window technique and produces reliable DEM.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.229-242
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• 2005

Photogrammetry is a current method of GIS data acquisition. However, as a matter of fact, a large manpower and expenditure for making detailed 3D spatial information is required especially in urban areas where various buildings exist. There are no photogrammetric systems which can automate a process of spatial information acquisition completely. On the other hand, LiDAR has high potential of automating 3D spatial data acquisition because it can directly measure 3D coordinates of objects, but it is rather difficult to recognize the object with only LiDAR data, for its low resolution at this moment. With this background, we believe that it is very advantageous to integrate LiDAR data and stereo CCD images for more efficient and automated acquisition of the 3D spatial data with higher resolution. In this research, the automatic urban object recognition methodology was proposed by integrating ultra highresolution stereo images and LiDAR data. Moreover, a method to enable more reliable and detailed stereo matching method for CCD images was examined by using LiDAR data as an initial 3D data to determine the search range and to detect possibility of occlusions. Finally, intellectual DSMs, which were identified urban features with high resolution, were generated with high speed processing.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 스마트폰 단말기에 장착되어있는 카메라와 플래시를 이용한 photometric stereo 기반의 능동적 3차원 형상 취득 기법을 제안한다. 조명의 위치 변화에 따라 여러 장의 입력 영상을 취득하기 위헤 고정된 위치에서 영상을 취득하는 스마트폰 한 대와 위치를 변화시키며 조명을 투사하는 스마트폰 한 대를 이용하여 시스템을 구성한다. 우선 카메라 렌즈의 왜곡과 카메라 센서의 비선형성 반응함수에 의한 3차원 형상 취득의 오차를 줄이기 위해 카메라 보정을 수행한다. 또한 스마트폰 카메라간의 자세를 추정하기 위해 5-point 알고리즘을 적용한 후 이를 이용하여 광원의 방향 벡터를 추정한다. 그 후 취득된 영상과 추정된 광원의 방향 벡터를 이용하여 photometric stereo기법으로 3차원 형상을 취득한다. 실험결과 본 논문에서 제안하는 기법을 통하여 스마트폰이 저비용 고품질의 소형화된 3차원 카메라의 역할을 수행할 수 있는 것을 확인할 수 있다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제36권5_2호
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• pp.939-948
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• 2020

국토관측 전용위성 (CAS500)은 국토 모니터링 및 관리를 위한 고해상도 위성영상 수요를 충족시키기 위하여 개발 및 발사 예정 중인 고해상도 국토관측 위성이다. 해당 위성 데이터는 토지이용현황 분석, 변화탐지, 3차원 국토정보 분석 등 여러 응용분야에 활용 예정인데, 그 중 3차원으로 국토, 지형 정보를 생성하고 분석하기 위해서는 관심 지역을 서로 다른 두 방향에서 중복촬영을 통해 입체영상을 취득하고 이를 처리해야 한다. 특히 효율적이고 정밀한 3차원 정보 생성하거나 3차원으로 디스플레이 하기 위해서는 취득된 입체 영상을 정밀한 입체 기하 영상으로 변환하여 활용해야 하는데, 이때 푸쉬부룸 센서의 특성에 맞춘 에피폴라 기하를 적용하여 구현하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 국토관측 위성 입체 데이터 처리를 위하여 입체 영상 생성 모듈을 구현하였고 단일궤도, 이종궤도, 이종영상 등의 테스트를 통해 정밀성을 분석하여 1픽셀 이내의 종시차를 확보할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.145-154
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• 2009

작업환경 주변의 사물(target object)을 자동으로 인식하고 그 결과를 효과적으로 모델링하는 기술은 작업 품질, 생산성 등 개발 장비의 성능(performance)에도 지대한 영향을 미치게 되므로 이는 건설자동화 장비를 개발함에 있어 필수적으로 요구되는 핵심 요소기술이다. 현재 국내에서는 2006년부터 지능형 굴삭 로봇(intelligent robotic excavator)의 개발을 위하여 토공 작업환경을 대상으로 스테레오 비전을 활용하여 굴삭 로봇 주변 영역의 지반형상을 3차원으로 모델링하기 위한 기술을 개발하고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 실제 토공 작업환경을 3차원으로 모델링하는 과정에서 필연적으로 발생되는 스테레오 매칭 노이즈를 효과적으로 제거하기 위하여 다양한 토공작업 환경 요소가 포함된 스테레오 영상을 수집하고 토공 작업 환경의 3차원 모델링에 적합한 노이즈 제거 알고리즘을 제안하는 것이다. 본 연구를 통해 개발된 디지털 영상처리 기술은 토공 작업환경을 대상으로 주변을 자동 인식하고 추출하고자 하는 관심의 대상을 3차원으로 모델링해야 하는 굴삭기 이외의 자동화 장비 개발에 있어서도 응용성이 매우 클 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가시화정보학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.39-42
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• 2003

Leading edge extension(LEX) in a highly swept shape applied to a delta wing features the modern air-fighters. The LEX vortices generated upon the upper surface of the wing at high angle of attack enhance the lift force of the delta wing by way of increased negative suction pressure over the surfaces. The present 3-D stereo PIV includes the Identification of 2-D cross-correlation equation, stereo matching of 2-D velocity vectors of two cameras, accurate calculation of 3-D velocity vectors by homogeneous coordinate system, removal of error vectors by a statistical method followed by a continuity equation criterion and so on. A delta wing model with or without LEX was immersed in a circulating water channel. Two high-resolution, high-speed digital cameras$(1280pixel\times1024pixel)$ were used to allow the time-resolved animation work. The present dynamic stereo PIV represents the complicated vortex behavior, especially, in terms of time-dependent characteristics of the vortices at given measuring sections. Quantities such as three velocity vector components, vorticity and other flow information can be easily visualized via the 3D time-resolved post-processing to make the easy understanding of the LEX effect or vortex emerging and collapse which are important phenomena occurring in the field of delta wing aerodynamics.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.78-82
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• 2007

This paper propose a building reconstruction method of urban area for a 3D GIS with stereo images. The 3D reconstruction is performed by the grouping 3D line segments extracted from the stereo matching of salient edges which are derived from multiple images. The grouping is achieved by conditions of degrees and distances between lines. Building objects are determined by the junction combinations of the grouped line segments. The proposed algorithm demonstrates effective results of 3D reconstruction of buildings with 2D aerial images.