• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.556-561
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• 2008

This paper reports the characteristics of piezoelectric microspeakers that are audible in open air with high quality piezoelectric AlN thin film according to the materials properties. When we use a tensile-stressed silicon nitride diaphragm as a supporting layer, the Sound Pressure Level (SPL) is relatively small and constant at low frequency region and shows about 70 dB at 10 kHz. However, in case of a compressively stressed composite diaphragm, the SPL of the fabricated microspeakers shows higher output pressure than those of a tensile-stressed diaphragm. It produces more than 66 dB from 100 Hz to 15 kHz and the highest SPL is about 100 dB at 9.3 kHz with $20V_{peak-to-peak}$, sinusoidal input biases and at 10 mm distances from the fabricated microspeakers to the reference microphone. From the experimental results, it is superior to have a compressively composite diaphragm in order to produce a high SPL in piezoelectric microspeaker.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2012

The conversion of solar energy into acoustic waves is experimentally studied. Measurements were made on the Sound Pressure Level (SPL), frequency, onset time and the temperature gradient across the stack. A pyrex resonance tube is used with a honey-comb structure ceramic stack along with Ni-Cr and Cu wires. An AL1 acoustical analyzer was used to measure the SPL and frequency of acoustic waves whereas K-type thermocouples were hired to estimate temperature gradients. For a resonance tube of 100 mm, no acoustic waves were generated with a power input of 25W. By increasing its length to 200 mm, however, maximum SPLs of 96.4 dB, 106.3 dB and 112.8 dB were detected for the tubes of 10mm,20mm and 30mm in IDs and their respective stack positions of 70mm, 60mm and 50mm from the closed end.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2012년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.516-521
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• 2012

The conversion of solar energy into acoustic waves is experimentally studied. Measurements were made on the Sound Pressure Level (SPL), frequency, onset time and the temperature gradient across the stack. A pyrex resonance tube is used with a honey-comb structure ceramic stack along with Ni-Cr and Cu wires. An AL1 acoustical analyzer was used to measure the SPL and frequency of acoustic waves whereas K-type thermocouples were hired to estimate temperature gradients. For a resonance tube of 100mm, no acoustic waves were generated with a power input of 25W. By increasing its length to 200mm, however, maximum SPLs of 96.4 dB, 106.3 dB and 112.8 dB were detected for the tubes of 10mm, 20mm and 30mm in IDs and their respective stack positions of 70mm, 60mm and 50mm from the closed end.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1196-1203
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• 2011

Statistical optimum methodology of table of orthogonal array, ANOM, ANOVA and RSM are applied to formulate optimum allocation design with design variables. It can be minimized average SPL of control volume, the objective function in closed system by optimal allocated positions of absorbing material. Structural natural frequency and acoustic natural frequency of cavity are analyzed by FEM and BEM in the closed system. Using BEM, average SPL of specific control volume is calculated according to the condition before using absorbing material and after using it. It is shown that noise is reduced by $5.02dB_{RMS}$ by absorbing material located at optimal position and minimum $1.83dB_{RMS}$ and maximum $3.47dB_{RMS}$ by the table of orthogonal array.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.719-725
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• 2008

In this paper, noise and vibration reduction for floating-floored ship cabin is studied. A mock-up is built by using 6 mm steel plate, and two identical cabins are made for simulation of ship cabins. When a speaker is used as a sound and vibration sources, it is shown that floating floor is more effective in isolating sound than bare deck by 2-5 dB. It is also shown that structure-borne noise of the bare deck is greater than that of floating-floored deck by 3-10 dB. For tapping machine excitation, it is found that the effect of floating floor in airborne noise and structure-borne noise reduction reaches up to 40-50 dB for high frequency ranges.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2003

As a result of supply-oriented housing policy of Korea since the 1960s, the number of apartment housing units has increased up to six million as of the end of 2001 that is 55% of total housing units. Although the needs of placid living environment increases according to the enhancement of residents' living standard, most of construction firms as apartment suppliers plan and design apartment buildings to maximize the profit and give rise the residents' petitions and troubles about floor impact noise. In consequence, the floor impact noise becomes one of principal problems of living environment, and the government placed the obligation of installing the noise isolation materials between upper and lower floors in 2001 and controlling the floor impact noise lower than 60dB from the middle of 2004. In other to provide the fundamental research data to enhance the reduction performance of floor impact sound, in this paper, the factors that influence on the floor impact noise are derived from the survey of many research papers and the performance of various materials used as noise reduction objects are compared and surveyed with the factors in the experiments in field and laboratory.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2017

웹 3D 기술은 과학, 의료, 공학 그리고 멀티미디어 가시화의 경험을 시뮬레이션하기 위해 사용될 수 있다. 웹 환경에서 3D 가상현실은 운영체제 등에 관계없이 사용될 수 있으며, 가상현실은 3차원 컴퓨터에 의해 생성된 현실적인 영상, 음향과 다른 감각을 표현하고 사람들과의 사용작용을 원활하게 하기 위해 사용될 수 있다. 특히 가상현실에 참여하는 사람들은 몰임하여 객체를 조작할 수도 있고, 원하는 목표를 위해 단계별 행동을 실행할 수 있다. 일반적으로 웹 환경에서 3D 상호작용 콘텐츠를 정의한 ISO 국제표준인 X3D를 이용하여 가상현실 공간을 생성한다. 본 논문에서는 X3D 가상현실 공간에서 스테레오 렌더링을 논의하고, HMD VR을 위한 새로운 X3D 노드를 제안한다. 제안한 노드들은 X3D 웹 브라우저인 X3DOM에 의해 가시화되었다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.18-26
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• 2001

The increase of economic growth has brought out the noise pollutions in city regions. To evaluate these problems, this study was investigated to assessment and analysis of noise pollutions at Cheongju area in winter and summer seasons. The noise levels were measured and analyzed at the general areas the 4 roadside areas (park, residential, commercial, and industrial area). As a result, following facts have been found. The equivalent sound levels(Leq) at general are in winter were 51.3∼78.2 dB(A) at the daytime and 41.1∼63.1 dB(A) at the nighttime And in summer there were 53.5∼77.3 dB(A) at the daytime and 41.9∼64.0 dB(A) at the nighttime, respectively. These values were higher than average value of Korea. At the roadside area, the values of Leq were 51.9∼72.8 dB(A) at the daytime, 44.3∼68.2 dB(a) at the nighttime in winter, and in summer there were 62.5∼73.1 dB(A) at the daytime and 50.4∼68.3 dB(A) at the nighttime, respectively. These values were lower than average value of Korea. The calculated traffic noise index(TNI) were 64.6∼93.6 at the daytime and 26.5∼106.6 at the nighttime in winter, In summer, there were 65.0∼90.7 at the daytime, and 32.3∼91.8 at the nighttime. The TNI values varied wide ranges at the nighttime according to traffic volumes.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.294-300
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 에너지 기반 영역 선택과 TDOA에 의해 3차원에서 음원의 방위와 높이를 계산하여 음원 위치를 추정하는 방법을 제안한다. 본 연구의 목적은 음원 위치 추정에서 계산시간 감축으로, 수평면 3개 신호의 에너지 비교에 의한 영역 선택과 선택된 영역의 TDOA에 의해 방위각을 계산하고, 또 높이 계산을 위한 마이크로폰 신호와 가장 큰 에너지를 갖는 평면 신호와의 TDOA로 높이각을 추정하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법에 대한 음원 추정실험 결과 수평 방위각 추정에서 평균 $0.778^{\circ}$, 높이각 추정에서 $1.296^{\circ}$의 오류를 보여 기존의 방법과 정확도에서 유사하고, 추정은 1회 신호 에너지 비교와 2회의 TDOA계산으로 가능하여 처리 시간이 단축된다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2004년도 ICEIC The International Conference on Electronics Informations and Communications
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• pp.244-248
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• 2004

This paper proposes a new noise cancellation method for speech recognition in noise environments. We determine the time adaptive threshold value using standard deviations of wavelet coefficients after wavelet transform by frames. The time adaptive threshold value is set up by using sum of standard deviations of wavelet coefficients in cA3 and weighted cD1. cA3 coefficients represent the voiced sound with lower frequency components and cD1 coefficients represent the unvoiced sound with higher frequency components. In experiments, we removed noise after adding white Gaussian noise and colored noise to original speech. The proposed method improved SNR and MSE more than wavelet transform and wavelet packet transform does. As a result of speech recognition experiment using noise speech DB, recognition performance is improved by $2\sim4\;\%.$