• 한국안전학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.81-95
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• 1995

Now, safety assurance in construction sites should be accomplished by its own organization rather than control of the code or government. It is believed that the safety assurance can be considerably improved by a lecture or an education using the existing theories or literatures up to now, but it is thought that fundamental safety assurance we not able to be accomplished without developing safety devices '||'&'||' equipment or taking fundamental measures, based on the result analyzed from workers behaviors. There are various behaviors of the workers showed in construction site, but only tests for hammerusing works such as form, re-bar, stone workers directly related to the grip strength are mainly performed, investigated and measured here for the study. The above works are similar to power grip, 7th picture on seven items which are categorized for hand grip types(Ammermin 1956 ; Jones ; Kobrick 1958). Measurements of grip strength are commonly taken in anthropometric surveys. They are easy to administer but unfortunately it is rather dubious whether they yield any data that are of interest to the engineer. Very fewer controls of tools are grasped and squeesed studies showed very little overall correlation between grip strength and other measures of bodily strength (Laubach, Kromer, and Thordsen 1972), but hammer-using work which is practically progressed in construction site are mainly influenced with grip strength. According to the investigation on work measurement, it is shown that 77% of form worker are using hammer to be related to grip strength. In this study, it is particularly noticed that wearing safety gloves in construction site is required for workers safety but 20% difference between grip strength with safety gloves and without ones are commonly neglected in the site(Fig. 1). Nevertheless, safety operation with consideration of the above 20% difference is not considered in the construction site. Factors of age, kinds of work, working time, with or without safety gloves are in vestigated '||'&'||' collected at the sites for this study. Test, not at each working hour but at 14 : 00 when the almost all of the workers think the most tired, resulting from the questionaires, also when it is shown on the research report has been performed and compared for main kinds of works : form '||'&'||' re-bar work. Tests were performed with both left SE rightand of the workers simultaneously in construction site using Rand Dynamometer(Model 78010, Lafayette Instrument Co., Indiana, U.S.A) by reading grip strength on the gauge while they are pulling, and then by interviewing on their ages, works, experiences and etc., directly. The above tests have been performed for the dates of 15th march-26th May '95 with consideration of site condition. And even if various factors of ambient temperature on the testing date, working condition, individual worker's habit and worker's condition of the previous ate are concerned with the study. Those are considered as constants in this study. Samples are formwork 53, rebar 62, electrician 5, plumber 4, welding 1 from D construction Co., Ltd, ; formwork 12, re-bar 5, electrician 2, from S construction Co., Ltd, , formwork 78, re-bar 18, plumber 31, electrician 13, labor 48, plumber 31, plasterer 15, concrete placer 6, water proof worker 3, maisony 5 from B construction Co., Ltd. As In the previously mentioned, main aspect to be investigated in this study will be from '||'&'||' re-bar work because grip strength will be directly applied to these two kinds of works ; form '||'&'||' re-bar work, eventhough there are total 405 samples taken. It is thought that a frequency of accident occurrence will be mainly two work postures "looking up '||'&'||' looking down" to be mainly sorted, but this factor is not clarified in this study because It will be needed a lot of work more. Tests has been done at possible large scale of horizontally work-extended sites within one hour in order to prevent or decrease errors '||'&'||' discrepancies from time lag of the test. Additionally, the statistical package computer program SPSS PC＋has been used for the study.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.169-179
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• 2009

본 연구는 국민의 구강보건 증진에 있어 치과보철물 제작 업무를 담당하고 있는 치과기공사를 대상으로 THI 건강조사표를 통해 육체적, 정신적 건강상태를 분석하여 치과기공사들이 당면하고 있는 건강 문제를 파악하고, 건강관리 프로그램 개발을 위한 기초자료를 제공을 목적으로 2009년 1윌 15일부터 3월 31일까지 전국 치과기공소(실)에서 근무하고 있는 895명의 치과기공사를 대상으로 하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 치과기공사의 심신 자각증상에 따른 평균 척도득점은 신체적 호소가 21.10으로 정신적 호소 18.49보다 높았고, 신체적 호소 항목에서는 다호소(자각) 증상(I)이 38.44로 가장 높고 구강과 항문(D)이 15.30으로 가장 낮았으며, 정신적 호소 항목에서는 정서불안정(J)이 25.92로 가장 높고 공격성(F)이 14.02로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 10개 항목으로 표준화 한 결과에서는 신경질(E)이 20.63으로 가장 높은 호소점수를 보였다. 2. 남, 여 모두 신체적 호소가 정신적 호소보다 높고, 여성이 남성보다 신체적 호소와 정신적 호소가 모두 높았으며, 남성과 여성 모두 다호소(I)항목의 평균 척도득점이 각각 37.33과 40.46으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 12개 항목의 심신 자각증상 증 다호소(I), 눈과 피부(B), 충동성(H), 허구성(L), 정서불안정(J), 우울성(K), 공격성(F), 생활불규칙성(G)에서 유의한 차이(p<0.001)로 보였고, 그 다음으로 소화기(C)(p < 0.01)에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 3. 연구대상자들을 연령별, 결혼 상태별, 직위별, 근무환경별, 휴식 수별로 집단을 구분 한 결과 공통적으로 신체적 호소가 정신적 호소보다 높고, 12개 항목의 심신 자각증상 중 다호소(I)항목의 평균 척도득점이 가장 높았으며, 정서적불안정(J)항목이 두 번째로 높았다. 4. 신체적 정신적 항목의 평균 척도득점(호소점수)의 경우 연령에서는 20대 집단(각각 21.49. 18.70)이, 직위에서는 기타 집단(각각 22.00, 18.78)이, 근무환경에서는 '매우 불량하다'. 집단(각각 23.21, 19.33)이, 휴식 수에서는 '없다' 집단(각각 21.68, 18.81)에서 가장 높게 나타났으며, 결혼 상태에서는 기타 집단이 신체적 호소(21.55)에서, 미혼 집단은 정신적 호소(18.71)에서 가장 높게 나타났다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.677-688
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• 2007

The goal of this study was to develop an optimal artificial insemination time estimator(OAITE) for individually stalled sows using image processing and to evaluate the performance of the OAITE through field test. The OAITE consisted of a computer, a multiplexer, three CCD cameras and three LED lamps (950nm wavelength). The computer program used for the OAITE to quantify the lying and non-lying (sitting and standing) rates of sows in stalls was written in LabWindows/CVI. For the purpose of establishing references that would help estimate the optimal artificial insemination(AI) time for sows, the lying rate of the 50 Berkshire⨯Hampshire crossbred sows(parity: 2 to 7) was observed and recorded. The observation was made from the second day after the sows were moved into the stalls when they were artificially inseminated. The results of above process, which compared the lying rates of the day of estrus and the other days, showed that there were no significant differences at the following time bands: 00, 08, 09, 16, and 17(p>0.1). Thus, only the time bands other than these time bands were used to establish the references for determining the onset of the estrus. Based on the lying rates observed and the references established by the procedures above, the study assigned “0” to the lying rate of the non-estrus time band, “0.5” to the lying rate between the non-estrus and estrus time bands and “1” to the lying rate of the estrus time band. The authors of the study assumed that if the OAITE produced “0.5” or above more than 4 times in a row and if the results included “1” at least once, the estrus would have started. In addition, it was assumed that the optimal AI time for sows was between the 26th hour and the 34th hour after the beginning of estrus. The results of sows’ AI of the OAITE group(n=40 sows; AI=1 time) showed that the pregnancy rate was 92.5%, which was the same rate as the control group(n=40 sows; AI=2 times), and that the litter size did not differ between the control and the OAITE group. These data suggest that the OAITE might be effective and economic to estimate the optimal AI time of individually stalled sows.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.1-58
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• 1988

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between social education and secondary education of seaside and sea village schools for supporting the successors to fishery. Objects of the study were five groups; 321 fishermen, 107 staff members of a Fishery Guidance Center, 1, 001 students, 306 teachers of sea villages, 193 staff members of a Fishery Cooperative Association. The total number of people being object of this study was 1, 876 persons. The questionaire used for this study was made after preliminary counseling with fishermen in sea villages and teachers in seaside schools. The results of this study are as follow ; 1) About the value of Fishery and successors to Fishery There have been more positive responses than negative ones to the question on the value of fishery. The main reason for positive responses lies in the potentiality for development of fishery but the negative responses are because of the heavy work. 56.8% of the respondents expected an increasing number of successor to fishery, but 43.2% of the respondents had a negative foresight on that problem. The negative respondents stated that the fisherman that moved from the sea villages to the urban areas are responsible for the none increasing numbers of successors to fishery. Most of the respondents answered that government support is needed in order to increase the number of successors to fishery. 2) Social education for Fishermen Only 40% of fishermen know the Fishing Village Guidance Center as the main institute for social education. 94.17% of the respondents prefer plural institutes to single ones. 5.9% of the respondents answered with opposit opinions. 40.4% of the respondents answered that technical teachings has not often been practised. The reason why technical teaching does not often come into effect are as follows; lack of technical expertise, insufficient concern of staff members of the Guidance Center or the Cooperation Association. Also fishermen answered that the Fisherman Guidance Center does not often practise technical education. The Fishery Cooperation Association with its social education for fisherman takes the role of education for the economical way and carries out financial assistance. The relationship between the Fishery Cooperative Association and fishermen is presented satisfactory. However, the frequency of education is not satisfactory. Indifferences between staff members of the Fishery Cooperative Association does not carry out fishery education very often. Also loaned money matters were not satisfactory. 3) Secondary education for Fishery This study showed that it is desirable that the practical course of middle schools in islets and seaside villages take education on fishery ; however, a few schools only take the practical course fishery. Most of the fishery high schools want computer education as a new recommendable course. The students of fishery high schools want computer education as a new recommendable course. The students of fishery high schools have problems with scientific terms in the text books for the practical of fishery high schools have problems with scientific terms in the text books for the practical courses. Over 80% of the respondents agreed that the principals of schools in islets and sea side villages should be men having majored in fishery. 4) The connection between social education and secondary education for fishery a. It is desirable that the principal and vice principal of secondary schools in islets and sea side villages are men majored in fishery. b. It is recommendable that fishery courses are taken as practical courses in fishery village schools for it is helpful to relate between the vocation and the district's special character, as well as to built up relation between the middle school education and the fishery high school education. c. The teachers of fishery high schools and the officials of government offices which are related to fishery should work together to realize a program on teaching various kinds of techniques and give other useful informations to fishermen. d. During the vacations the fishery high school could be used for the social education of fishermen. Seminars on fishery technique and cultural aspects could be held. Especially a spiritual education which is needed for the improvement of the society of fishermen could be achieved by a cultural education. e. On the state level a financial support to raise the number of successors to fishery, a national policy for the betterment of the life of fishermen, as well as active publicity activities are necessary. f. A financial support of the government for raising the number of the successors to fishery is needed. For this purpose a fishery education performed on a state level would be desirable.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.9-21
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• 2009

Recently, the researches to explain Switching Behavior through Theory of Planned Behavior have been discovered. Many researches say that System factors of mobile telecommunication service(MTS) is positively associated with Switching Intention. But There is no difference of system factors between mobile telecommunication services because of IT technique Development. Thus, this study investigated whether switching cost and alternative's attractiveness influence switching intention concerning mobile telecommunication service by adopting Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as an underlying theoretical premise. The study also attempted to determine the moderating effects of personal innovativeness on switching intention. For these purposes the author has developed several hypotheses as follows: H-1. The switching cost of different MTS is associated with the attitude of MTS which is using. H-2. The switching cost of different MTS is associated with the subjective norm of MTS which is using. H-3. The switching cost of different MTS is associated with the perceived behavior control of MTS which is using. H-4. The alternative's attractiveness of different MTS is associated with the attitude of MTS which is using. H-5. The alternative's attractiveness of different MTS is associated with the subjective norm of MTS which is using. H-6. The alternative's attractiveness of different MTS is associated with the perceived behavior control of MTS which is using. H-7. The switching cost of different MTS is associated with the switching intention. H-8. The alternative's attractiveness of different MTS is associated with the switching intention. H-9. The attitude of MTS is associated with the switching intention. H-10. The subjective norm of MTS is associated with the switching intention. H-11. The perceived behavior control of MTS is associated with the switching intention. H-12. The personal innovativeness has been a moderating effects to switching intention. Data has been collected from 403 respondents for this study using a questionnaire method. The survey for the actual analysis of the research was done and analyzed with the customers who have an experience of using Mobile telecommunication service and the samples were selected among the middle and high school students who live in Seoul area, the university students who live in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Chungcheng Provinces, and the ordinary workers who are working in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. The survey was done for 23 days from March 28, 2008 through April 12, 2008. The positive analysis was done with SPSS 12.0K statistics package and visual PLS program using the analysis techniques of frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and factor analysis. In addition, structural equation modeling was conducted using AMOS 5.0. The data was analyzed by frequency analysis using SPSS 12.0 and structural equation modeling using AMOS 5.0. The result of the overall model analysis is as follows: Chi-Square=378.306, d.f.=107, p-value=0.0, GFI=.904, AGFI= 0.863, IFI= 0.939, NFI= 0.917, RMSEA= 0.079, TLI= 0.922. The results of the overall model analysis were coherent. The following study results were revealed: First, switching cost was related positively to attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavior control, three components of TPB. Second, alternative's attractiveness was related negatively to subjective norm but positively to perceived behavior control. Third, switching cost and attitude was related negatively to switching intention, while perceived behavior control was related positively to switching intention. Finally, the study found the moderating effects of personal innovativeness on switching intention. Based on the results, the study offers marketing strategic implications for mobile telecommunication service industry.

• 지질공학
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.133-160
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• 2018

신기후체제 출범 이후 온실가스 감축목표 달성을 위한 대규모 $CO_2$ 직접 감축의 거의 유일한 방안으로 알려져 있는 대용량 $CO_2$ 지중저장의 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 포항 분지 해상 중소규모 $CO_2$ 지중저장 실증사업은 대규모 $CO_2$ 저장 사업에 필요한 핵심 기술을 우선적으로 확보하기 위해 추진하고 있는 연구개발 사업이다. 국내 저장 실증을 위한 $CO_2$ 저장소 확보를 위해 2010년부터 3년간 육상-연안 $CO_2$ 저장소 탐사 연구 과제를 수행하여, 한반도 동남부 육상 및 연안에 걸쳐 발달하고 있는 포항분지를 중소규모 $CO_2$ 지중저장 실증 후보지역으로 선정한 바 있다. 2013년부터는 포항분지 해상 지층을 대상으로 저장소 탐사, 탐사시추, 저장소 특성화, 저장 설계, 플랫폼 설계 및 설치, 주입공 시추 및 완결, 주입설비 설치, 주입 및 모니터링 등의 개별 기술 개발을 수행하였으며, 2017년 초 국내 기술력을 기반으로 해저 실증 저장소에 국내 최초로 $CO_2$ 시험주입 실증에 성공하였다. 향후에는 $CO_2$ 저장소 연속 운전 실증을 위한 수송체계 구축과 저장소 운영체계 확립 연구를 진행할 계획이다. 안전하고 효율적인 저장소 운영을 위해 상시 주입 모니터링 및 정기적인 거동 누출 환경 모니터링을 수행할 계획이며, 이를 위한 주입 전 모니터링을 완수하고 모니터링 체계를 구축하였다. 포항분지 해상 중소규모 $CO_2$ 지중저장 실증 연구를 통해 국내 대규모 CCS 통합실증 및 상용화 사업에 필요한 핵심적 $CO_2$ 저장 기술을 자립화 하였고, 성공적인 시험 주입으로 대규모 $CO_2$ 지중저장 사업의 기술적 경험적 기초를 확보하였다. 또한 본 연구 사업은 국제적으로 점차 확대되고 있는 $CO_2$ 지중저장 기술 시장에서 우리나라의 기술 경쟁력을 확보하는데 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권7호
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• pp.938-947
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• 2016

본 연구는 한국 고유 식용 자원인 황칠나무의 잎을 이용한 항산화 효과 및 고혈당으로 인한 신경/뇌신경세포 보호 효과를 알아보고자 실시하였다. 황칠나무 잎 추출물의 총폴리페놀 함량, ABTS와 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성을 측정하였으며 활성이 가장 높은 80% 에탄올 추출물을 이용하여 극성 정도에 따라 분획을 하였다. 이들 중 ethyl acetate 분획물이 총 항산화력(FRAP assay)과 지질과산화물(MDA) 생성 억제 활성이 다른 분획물에 비하여 유의적으로 높은 값을 나타냈다. 이를 이용하여 신경세포로서의 PC12 세포와 인간 뇌조직 유래 뇌신경세포로서의 MC-IXC 세포에서 $H_2O_2$와 고혈당에 의한 세포생존율을 측정하였고, ethyl acetate 분획물은 산화적 스트레스로부터의 효과적인 세포 보호 효과를 나타냈다. 또한, 뇌신경말단에서 신경전달물질(ACh)의 분해를 유발하는 효소(AChE)의 저해 효과를 측정하였고, ethyl acetate 분획물은 유의적인 AChE 저해 효과를 보였다. 마지막으로 황칠나무 잎 ethyl acetate 분획물의 생리활성 물질을 확인하고자 HPLC 분석을 하였으며, 주요 생리활성 물질은 rutin으로 추정되었다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 고려할 때 황칠나무 잎 추출물은 천연 항산화제의 역할을 가지고 있을 뿐만 아니라 이를 통해 산화적 스트레스로부터 뇌신경세포 등을 효과적으로 보호할 수 있으며 더불어 AChE 저해 활성을 통한 인지기능 개선 가능 소재로서 연구될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 1993년도 Fifth International Fuzzy Systems Association World Congress 93
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• pp.975-976
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• 1993

This talk presents the overview of the author's research and development activities on fuzzy inference hardware. We involved it with two distinct approaches. The first approach is to use application specific integrated circuits (ASIC) technology. The fuzzy inference method is directly implemented in silicon. The second approach, which is in its preliminary stage, is to use more conventional microprocessor architecture. Here, we use a quantitative technique used by designer of reduced instruction set computer (RISC) to modify an architecture of a microprocessor. In the ASIC approach, we implemented the most widely used fuzzy inference mechanism directly on silicon. The mechanism is beaded on a max-min compositional rule of inference, and Mandami's method of fuzzy implication. The two VLSI fuzzy inference chips are designed, fabricated, and fully tested. Both used a full-custom CMOS technology. The second and more claborate chip was designed at the University of North Carolina(U C) in cooperation with MCNC. Both VLSI chips had muliple datapaths for rule digital fuzzy inference chips had multiple datapaths for rule evaluation, and they executed multiple fuzzy if-then rules in parallel. The AT & T chip is the first digital fuzzy inference chip in the world. It ran with a 20 MHz clock cycle and achieved an approximately 80.000 Fuzzy Logical inferences Per Second (FLIPS). It stored and executed 16 fuzzy if-then rules. Since it was designed as a proof of concept prototype chip, it had minimal amount of peripheral logic for system integration. UNC/MCNC chip consists of 688,131 transistors of which 476,160 are used for RAM memory. It ran with a 10 MHz clock cycle. The chip has a 3-staged pipeline and initiates a computation of new inference every 64 cycle. This chip achieved an approximately 160,000 FLIPS. The new architecture have the following important improvements from the AT & T chip: Programmable rule set memory (RAM). On-chip fuzzification operation by a table lookup method. On-chip defuzzification operation by a centroid method. Reconfigurable architecture for processing two rule formats. RAM/datapath redundancy for higher yield It can store and execute 51 if-then rule of the following format: IF A and B and C and D Then Do E, and Then Do F. With this format, the chip takes four inputs and produces two outputs. By software reconfiguration, it can store and execute 102 if-then rules of the following simpler format using the same datapath: IF A and B Then Do E. With this format the chip takes two inputs and produces one outputs. We have built two VME-bus board systems based on this chip for Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The board is now installed in a robot at ORNL. Researchers uses this board for experiment in autonomous robot navigation. The Fuzzy Logic system board places the Fuzzy chip into a VMEbus environment. High level C language functions hide the operational details of the board from the applications programme . The programmer treats rule memories and fuzzification function memories as local structures passed as parameters to the C functions. ASIC fuzzy inference hardware is extremely fast, but they are limited in generality. Many aspects of the design are limited or fixed. We have proposed to designing a are limited or fixed. We have proposed to designing a fuzzy information processor as an application specific processor using a quantitative approach. The quantitative approach was developed by RISC designers. In effect, we are interested in evaluating the effectiveness of a specialized RISC processor for fuzzy information processing. As the first step, we measured the possible speed-up of a fuzzy inference program based on if-then rules by an introduction of specialized instructions, i.e., min and max instructions. The minimum and maximum operations are heavily used in fuzzy logic applications as fuzzy intersection and union. We performed measurements using a MIPS R3000 as a base micropro essor. The initial result is encouraging. We can achieve as high as a 2.5 increase in inference speed if the R3000 had min and max instructions. Also, they are useful for speeding up other fuzzy operations such as bounded product and bounded sum. The embedded processor's main task is to control some device or process. It usually runs a single or a embedded processer to create an embedded processor for fuzzy control is very effective. Table I shows the measured speed of the inference by a MIPS R3000 microprocessor, a fictitious MIPS R3000 microprocessor with min and max instructions, and a UNC/MCNC ASIC fuzzy inference chip. The software that used on microprocessors is a simulator of the ASIC chip. The first row is the computation time in seconds of 6000 inferences using 51 rules where each fuzzy set is represented by an array of 64 elements. The second row is the time required to perform a single inference. The last row is the fuzzy logical inferences per second (FLIPS) measured for ach device. There is a large gap in run time between the ASIC and software approaches even if we resort to a specialized fuzzy microprocessor. As for design time and cost, these two approaches represent two extremes. An ASIC approach is extremely expensive. It is, therefore, an important research topic to design a specialized computing architecture for fuzzy applications that falls between these two extremes both in run time and design time/cost. TABLEI INFERENCE TIME BY 51 RULES {{{{Time }}{{MIPS R3000 }}{{ASIC }}{{Regular }}{{With min/mix }}{{6000 inference 1 inference FLIPS }}{{125s 20.8ms 48 }}{{49s 8.2ms 122 }}{{0.0038s 6.4㎲ 156,250 }} }}

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2022

우리나라에서 시행중인 수질오염총량관리제도는 수계 내 모든 유역을 단위유역으로 구분하고 단일 공통 오염물질과 유량조건을 고려하여 본류 중심으로 관리하고 있다. 이러한 수질오염총량관리제도는 지역 및 단위유역의 특성 변화를 반영하지 못하며 관리수계 내 목표수질을 유지한다고 하더라도 각 단위유역에서의 수질변화 여건에 따라서 지류에서 발생되는 오염물질의 부하량 변화를 직접적으로 반영하기 어려운 실정이다. 이를 개선하기 위해서 오염도가 높은 지류의 총량관리를 위한 지류총량제도의 추가 도입이 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 지류에서의 수질변화 양상이 본류에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해서 팔당수계내 3개의 주요 중권역인 남한강 하류, 경안천, 북한강 유역을 대상으로 53개의 소유역으로 구축하여 유역유출모형인 HSPF (Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran) 모형을 적용하였다. 모의결과 BOD는 0.17 mg/L - 4.30 mg/L의 범위로 전반적으로 지류에서 높게 생성되어 하류 유역으로 갈수록 낮아졌다. T-P는 0.02 mg/L - 0.22 mg/L의 범위로 도시화 및 축산업 등의 영향이 큰 유역은 높게 나타나고 북한강 유역은 전반적으로 낮게 나타났다. 또한, 각 단위 유역별로 배출되는 오염부하량 변화에 따른 수질 변화를 분석하기 위해 오염원 저감 시나리오를 선정하였다. 시나리오별 모의결과 BOD와 T-P의 저감률은 북한강 하류유역과 경안천 중·하류 유역에서 크게 나타났다. 이는 각 소유역별 수질 개선의 노력에 따른 수질 저감의 혜택은 각 본류 하천의 중·하류에서 가장 크게 받는 것으로 나타났으며 지류총량관리를 위한 기초자료가 될 수 있다고 판단된다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.37-50
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• 2009

본 연구결과는 출하돈의 도체품질 향상과 품질인증 프로그램 구축을 위한 자료로 활용하기 위하여 2년 동안 53개 농장에서 출하된 248,787두에 대한 도체평가 결과를 모돈수에 의한 경영규모, 육성비육돈 단계의 사육밀도, 수송시간, 출하시점, 비육돈 후기사료 급여비율 및 비육돈사 형태에 따라 도체등급과 PSE 발생율, 도체 근간지방 점수, 근내지방 점수, 피하지방 점수 및 육탄력성 점수에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과이며 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 양돈장 경영규모는 도체등급에 영향을 미치며, 경영규모가 커질수록 좋은 등급을 나타내었으나, PSE 출현율은 경영규모에 따른 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 도체 근간지방 점수, 근내지방 점수, 피하지방 점수 및 육탄력성 점수는 양돈장 경영규모에 따라 일정한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 2. 육성비육돈사 사육밀도는 도체등급에 영향을 미치며, 중간 밀도에서 좋은 등급을 나타내었으나, PSE 발생율은 낮은 밀도에서 오히려 높게 나타났다. 도체 근간지방 점수와 근내지방 점수 및 육탄력성 점수는 중간 밀도에서 우수하게 나타났으나 피하지방 점수는 사육밀도에 의한 차이가 없었다. 3. 출하돈의 수송시간에 의한 도체등급 차이는 인정되지 않았으며, PSE 발생율 역시 수송시간에 의한 차이는 없었다. 그러나 수송시간은 도체 육질점수에 영향을 미치며, 1시간을 초과한 수송이 근간지방 점수와 근내지방 점수, 피하지방 점수 및 육탄력성 점수 모두 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 4. 출하시점은 출하후 계류를 통한 도축전 휴식과 관련되는데, 출하시점은 도체등급과 PSE 발생율에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 도체 근간지방 점수, 근내지방 점수 및 육탄력성 점수는 오전 10시 이전 출하가 우수한 것으로 나타났으나, 피하지방 점수는 차이가 없었다. 5. 비육돈 후기사료 급여비율 차이에 의한 도체등급 차이는 인정되지 않았으나, PSE 발생율은 후기사료 21% 이상 급여가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 도체 근간지방 점수와 근내지방 점수는 후기사료를 21% 이상 급여한 경우가 우수하게 나타났으며, 피하지방 점수는 후기사료를 20% 이내 급여가 우수하였으나, 육탄력성 점수는 비육후기사료 급여비율에 의한 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 6. 비육돈사 형태에 따른 도체등급의 차이는 무창돈사가 우수하게 나타났으나, PSE 발생율 또한 무창돈사가 높았다. 도체 근간지방 점수와 근내지방 점수는 비육돈사 형태에 의한 차이는 없었으나, 피하지방 점수와 육탄력성 점수는 개방돈사가 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면, 양돈장 관리시스템 및 도축전 취급이 출하돈의 도체등급과 육질점수에 영향을 미치는 구체적인 내용들을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 양돈장 관리시스템과 관련된 각종 환경요인과 관리요인 및 도축전 취급과 관련된 인자들에 대한 세심한 관리를 통하여 스트레스 최소화와 동물복지 향상으로 도체품질 개선과 소비자를 위한 품질인증 시스템을 구축하여야 할 것으로 사료된다.