• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.251-262
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• 2017

The system of magnetic exploration with a drone flight was constructed and applied to the iron mine site. The magnetic probe system installed on the drone used a sensor as Bartington's fluxgate type magnetometer, Mag639 and the A/D converter to collect magnetic intensity values on the tablet PC. The drone flight control module is a highly expandable Pixhawk with allowing 15 minutes of flight by loading 3kg. Experiments on the magnetic field interference range were performed to remove the erroneous effect from the drone with applying RTK GPS to obtain the magnetic intensity value at the accurate position. The accurate location information enabled to obtain the gradient measurement of magnetic field by measuring twice at different altitudes. Also, by using the terrain information, we could eliminate the terrain effect by setting the flight path to fly along the terrain. These results are in line with the field experiments using the nuclear proton magnetometer G-858 of Geometrics Co., Ltd, which adds to the reliability of the drone based aeromagnetic survey system we constructed.

• Journal of Life Science
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2005

The murine dopamine receptor regulating factor (DRRF) gene is transcribed from a TATA-less promoter that has several putative Sp1 binding sites. The present investigation identifies functional transcription factors that modulate the expression of this gene, In the $D_2-expressing$ NB41A3 cells, Spl potently activates transcription from the DRRF promoter in pCAT-DRRF-1153/+17, but DRRF effectively inhibits it. Deletion of the 31 bp fragment between -1153 and -1122 decreased transcription down to about $60\%$. This fragment contains a functional API binding site. In addition, deletion of the 129 bp region between -901 and -772 further decreased transcription. The latter region has a functional AP2 binding site. Using a DRRF_AP1 (bases -1153 to -1121) probe, a specific retarded band was observed, and the unlabeled AP1 consensus competitor could effectively compete away this retarded band. In addition, using a DRRF_AP2 (bases -873 to -846), a specific retarded band was observed, and the unlabeled AP2 consensus competitor could effectively compete away this retarded band. The present observations suggest that Spl and DRRF regulate the DRRF promoter and that both API and AP2 also modulate this gene.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.433-439
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• 2020

This study, which was designed to improve and increase the utilization of female elk, examined the possibility of collecting their embryos during the non-reproductive period using ultrasound-guided Ovum Pick-Up (OPU) technology. Once follicles in the ovaries of an elk were observed, the embryos were retrieved through the absorption of the follicles using an OPU ultrasound probe. Fifty-seven embryos were retrieved from 85 follicles, giving a retrieval rate of 67.1%. Morphological evaluation of the recovered embryos revealed 14.0% embryos to be in grade A, 19.2% in grade B, 15.7% in grade C, and 50.8% in grade D. The developmental efficiency of the retrieved embryos was also investigated using in vitro maturation, in vitro fertilization, and in vitro culture. After cultivating 28 embryos through in vitro fertilization, 19 embryos were found to be fertilized; the fertilization rate was 67.9%. Four embryos developed to the blastocyst stage, indicating a 14.3% development rate. This study confirmed that the production of fertilized embryos from a seasonal breeder, such as elk, is possible via the ultrasound-guided OPU method. If the efficiency of in vitro fertilization and in vitro culture can be improved through further research, it will help improve the efficiency of elk embryo production through the transplantation of their fertilized embryos.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.3-12
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• 2021

Most researchers have experimentally evaluated the detection efficiency of reaction time-based concealed information tests (RT CIT). In experimental studies, two experimental paradigms have been mainly used to create a lying situation, mock-crime paradigm and personal-item paradigm. This study is aimed at testing the detection efficiency of RT CIT for the one that could be estimated as the same as the other, regardless of the experimental paradigms. In study 1, it was tested whether the effect size of RT CIT was different in the two experimental paradigms through meta-analysis. As a result of the meta-analysis of 39 studies, the effect size (Hedges'g = 1.330) of the mock-crime paradigm was slightly larger than that (Hedges'g = 1.145) of the personal-item paradigm, but no statistically significant difference was found. Study 2 was an experimental study using both the mock-crime and personal-item paradigms, it was conducted to determine whether the detection efficiency of RT CIT differs in the two experimental paradigms. As a result of ANOVA, it was found that the RT differences between the probe and irrelevant stimuli were not significant in the two experimental paradigms. In the experimental study, the effect size (Cohen's d) of the mock-crime and personal-item paradigms were 1.638 and 1.535, respectively. In the discussion section, the reason of the detection efficiency of RT CIT not affected by the experimental paradigms was discussed.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.191-202
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• 2021

Purpose: A near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging is a promising tool for cancer-specific image guided surgery. Human epidermal receptor 2 (HER2) is one of the candidate markers for gastric cancer. In this study, we aimed to synthesize HER2-specific NIR fluorescence probes and evaluate their applicability in cancer-specific image-guided surgeries using an animal model. Materials and Methods: An NIR dye emitting light at 800 nm (IRDye800CW; Li-COR) was conjugated to trastuzumab and an HER2-specific affibody using a click mechanism. HER2 affinity was assessed using surface plasmon resonance. Gastric cancer cell lines (NCI-N87 and SNU-601) were subcutaneously implanted into female BALB/c nu (6-8 weeks old) mice. After intravenous injection of the probes, biodistribution and fluorescence signal intensity were measured using Lumina II (Perkin Elmer) and a laparoscopic NIR camera (InTheSmart). Results: Trastuzumab-IRDye800CW exhibited high affinity for HER2 (K_D=2.093(3) pM). Fluorescence signals in the liver and spleen were the highest at 24 hours post injection, while the signal in HER2-positive tumor cells increased until 72 hours, as assessed using the Lumina II system. The signal corresponding to the tumor was visually identified and clearly differentiated from the liver after 72 hours using a laparoscopic NIR camera. Affibody-IRDye800CW also exhibited high affinity for HER2 (K_D=4.71 nM); however, the signal was not identified in the tumor, probably owing to rapid renal clearance. Conclusions: Trastuzumab-IRDye800CW may be used as a potential NIR probe that can be injected 2-3 days before surgery to obtain high HER2-specific signal and contrast. Affibody-based NIR probes may require modifications to enhance mobilization to the tumor site.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.163-169
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• 1999

This study was conducted to produce herbicide resistant plants by transferring phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) gene into Populus alba $\times$ Populus glandulosa No .3 using Agrobacterium tumefaciens MP 90/PAT. Leaf segments from in vitro grown shoots of hybrid poplar No. 3 were soaked in a AB medium containing Agrobacterium tumefaciens MP 90/PAT for 10 min and cocultivated for 2 days on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.2mg/L kinetin (CIM). Putative transformed calli could be selected after cocultivation of leaf segments on CIM supplemented with 50mg/L kanamycin and 500mg/L cefotaxime for 3 weeks. The selected calli were cultured on CIM supplemented with 50 mg/L kanamycin and 500 mg/L cefotaxime for 5~8 weeks before transfer to WPM containing 1.0mg/L zeatin, 0.1mg/L BAP, 50 mg/L kanamycin and 500mg/L cefotaxime for shoot regeneration. Shoots were regenerated from the callus after 4 week cultivation, and the regenerants were grown on the same medium for 7~l0 weeks. The plants rooted on 1/2 WPM containing 0.2 mg/L IBA and 50 mg/L kanamycin. To confirm the gene insertion into plants, GUS activity was detected by histochemical assay in the transformed plants. Finally, the presence of both NPT II and PAT genes from the transgenic plants were confirmed by PCR amplification with the gene specific primers and subsequent PCR-Southern blot with DIG-labeled PAT gene probe. After acclimatization in pots for 4 weeks, the plants were sprayed by 3 mL/L of Basta to test resistance to the herbicide. The transgenic plants remained green, whereas all the control plants died after one week.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.252-260
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• 2002

Introduction Urticaria is widely spread disease. About 15-20 $\%$ of population has experienced at least once in a life time. The etiology of urticaria is uncertain till now, and the affcting factors are various chemical material, physical factors, alcohol, fever, exercise, and hormone, etc. The symptoms of urticaria are small or large wheal-erythema reaction and itching or tingling sense. Cause there is no probe to detect the urticaria clearly, the treatment of urticaria is symptomatic. And mostly urticaria can be chronic and very hard to treat it fundamentally. Nowadays, many trials to treat the urticaria in oriental medical way show good curability. In this paper I'd like to report the treatment rate and degree of urticaria patients mostly using anti-histamine medication. Subjects From the outpatients who visited Korean Hospital of Kyunghee Kangnam during 2000-4 and 2002-1, the 36 chronic urticaria patients, at least more than 4 weeks from onset and 2weeks of treatment period, were chosen. Methods I evaluated the results of treatment with the following scale. Very Good: The all symptoms are clearly disappeared or one third of symptoms remain and sometimes eruption is appeared. Good: Half of the symptoms are improved but most of symptoms remain. No Change: No change appears before and after treatment. Worse: The degree and duration of eruption get worse than pre-treatment state. Results For Acupuncture treatment, I chose the several Acu points like Hapgok(합곡), Taichung(대충), Gokji(곡지), Yanggok(양곡), Yanggea(양계), and lmeup(족임읍), and usually lasted it 15 minutes. With the acupuncture treatment and herb medicine, 2-3 times a week, the patients whose treatment period was 2 to 4 weeks were 17(47.2$\%$), 4 to 8 weeks were 11(30.5$\%$), 8 to 12 weeks were 3(8.3$\%$), 12 to 16 weeks were 3(8.3$\%$), longer than 16 weeks were 2(5.5$\%$) Collecting the statistics of the frequency of prescripted herb medicine, Hyangsosan(향소산) was prescripted 21 times(58.3$\%$), Hyangsapyungwisan(향사평위산) was 15 times(41.6$\%$), Hwapisan(화피산) was 9 times(25$\%$), Yangwitang(양위탕) was 6 times(16.6$\%$), Bojungikkitang(보중익기탕가미) was 4 times(11.1$\%$), Yongdamsagantang (용담사간탕가미) was 4 times(11.1$\%$). The result of the treatments, evaluating with mentioned rate scale, was 11 cases(30.5$\%$) were Very Good degree, 19 cases(52.7$\%$) were Good , 6 cases(16.6$\%$) were No Change. No cases were Worse degree. Conclusion According to this research, we could say that chronic urticaria can be treated with Oriental medical methods. But more precise probes in both Oriental and Western medicine to diagnose the chronic urticaria should be established and we need to make standards for testing and diagnosing the chronic urticaria.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2020

The sound source localization technique has various application fields in the era of internet-of-things, for which the probe size becomes critical. The localization methods using the acoustic intensity vector has an advantage of downsizing the layout of the array owing to a small finite-difference error for the short distance between adjacent microphones. In this paper, the acoustic intensity vector and the Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA) method are compared in the viewpoint of the localization error in the far-field. The comparison is made according to the change of spacing between adjacent microphones of the three-dimensional microphone array arranged in a tetrahedral shape. An additional test is conducted in the reverberant field by varying the reverberation time to verify the effectiveness of the methods applied to the actual environments. For estimating the TDoA, the Generalized Cross Correlation-Phase transform (GCC-PHAT) algorithm is adopted in the computation. It is found that the mean localization error of the acoustic intensimetry is 2.9° and that of the GCC-PHAT is 7.3° for T₆₀ = 0.4 s, while the error increases as 9.9°, 13.0° for T₆₀ = 1.0 s, respectively. The data supports that a compact array employing the acoustic intensimetry can localize of the sound source in the actual environment with the moderate reflection conditions.

• THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.67-79
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• 2000

Objective : Hedyotis diffusa has been used as an anticancer agent for several decades in oriental medicine. We test whether the methanol extract of the herb affects transcriptional activation factors including $NF-{\kappa}B$ and AP-1. Methods : 1. HL-60 cells were treated with various concentrations(from 200 to $50{\mu}g/ml$) of methanol extract and $H_2O$ extract($200{\mu}g/ml$)of hedyotis diffusa, After 48h later, the cells were tested for viability by MTT assay. 2. The HL-60 cells were treated with $200{\mu}g/ml$ of methanol extract for the indicated periods. First. Nuclear extracts were isolated and incubated with oligonucleotide probe of $NF-{\kappa}B$ and AP-1. Second. Nuclear extracts were isolated and reacted with p50, p65. c-rel pan-Jun, c-Jun, JunB. JunD antibody on ice for 30min. Finally The cell lysates were prepared and analyzed by western blotting using anti-Fas, anti-FasL and anti-p53 antibody. Results : 1. The methanol extract decreases the viability of human lymphoid origin leukemia HL-60 cells in a dose-dependent manner. 2. $NF-{\kappa}B$ is rapidly activated by the addition of the methanol extract, reaches a peak at 30min and gradually returns to resting level. We confirm that $NF-{\kappa}B$ is a heterodimer mainly composed of p65 subunit with c-Rel. 3. Transcriptional activation of AP-1 is detected at 30min and reaches a maximum at 1hr after stimulation of the cells with the methanol extract. AP-1 is mainly composed with Jur-D and partially Jug-B proteins. 4. the methanol extract of Hedyotis diffusa induces the expression of Fas, Fas ligand and p53 proteins of HL-60 cells in a time dependent fashion. Conclusions : These results suggest that the methanol extract of Hedyotis diffusa exerts anticancer effects to induce the death of human leukomic HL-60 cells via activation of trascriptional factors such as $NF-{\kappa}B$ and AP-1, increase in expression of Fas mediated signalling proteins, and induction of tumor suppressor gene. p53.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 한국식물생명공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 및 한일 식물생명공학 심포지엄
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• pp.71-80
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• 2005

Effects of low temperature ($8^{\circ}C$) on the hydraulic conductivity of young roots of a chilling-sensitive (cucumber; Cucumis sativus L.) and a chilling-resistant (figleaf gourd; Cucurbita ficifolia Bouche) crop have been measured at the levels of whole root systems (root hydraulic conductivity, $Lp_r$) and of individual cortical cells (cell hydraulic conductivity, Lp). In figleaf gourd, there was a reduction only in hydrostatic $Lp_r$ but not in osmotic $Lp_r$ suggesting that the activity of water channels was not much affected by low root temperature (LRT)treatment in this species. Changes in cell Lp in response to chilling and recovery were similar asroot level, although they were more intense at the root level. Roots of figleaf gourd recovered better from LRT treatment than those of cucumber. In figleaf gourd, recovery (both at the root and cell level) often resulted in Lp and $Lp_r$ values which were even bigger than the original, i.e. there was an overshoot in hydraulic conductivity. These effects were larger forosmotic (representing the cell-to-cell passage of water) than for hydrostatic $Lp_r$. After a short term (1 d) exposure to $8\;^{\circ}C$ followed by 1 d at $20\;^{\circ}C$, hydrostatic $Lp_r$ of cucumber nearly recovered and that of figleaf gourd still remained higher due to the overshoot. On the contrary, osmotic $Lp_r$ and cell Lp in both species remained high by a factor of 3 as compared to the control, possibly due to an increased activity of water channels. After pre-conditioning of roots at LRT, increased hydraulic conductivitywas completely inhibited by $HgCl_2$ at both the root and cell levels. Different from figleaf gourd, recovery from chilling was not complete in cucumber after longer exposure to LRT. It is concluded that at LRT, both changes in the activity of aquaporins and alterations of root anatomy determine the water uptake in both species. To better understand the aquaporin function in plants under various stress conditions, we examined the transgenic Arabidopsisand tobacco plants that constitutively overexpress ArabidopsisPIP1;4 or PIP2;5 under various abiotic stress conditions. No significant differences in growth rates were found between the transgenic and wild-type plants under favorable growth conditions. By contrast, overexpression of PIP1;4 or PIP2;5 had a negative effect on seed germination and seedling growth under drought stress, whereas it had a positive effect under cold stress and no effect under salt stress. Measurement of water transport by cell pressure probe revealed that these observed phenotypes under different stress conditions were closely correlated with the ability of water transport by each aquaporin in the transgenic plants. Together, our results demonstrate that PIP-type aquaporins play roles in seed germination, seedling growth, and stress response of Arabidopsis and tobacco plants under various stress conditions, and emphasize the importance of a single aquaporin-mediated water transport in these cellular processes.