• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.633-650
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to investigate the kinematics of young adults during ascent ramp climbing at different inclinations. Twenty-three subjects ascended a four step at four different inclinations(level, $8^{\circ},\;16^{\circ},\;24^{\circ}$). The 3-D kinematics was analysed by a camera-based falcon system. Groups difference was tested with one -way ANOVA and SNK test. The different kinematic patterns of ramp ascent were analysed and compared to level walking patterns. The kinematics of ramp walking could be clearly distinguished from the kinematics of level walking. In sagittal plane, Ankle joint was more dorsiflexed at initial contact and Max. dorsiflex. during stance phase with $16^{\circ},\;24^{\circ}$ inclination and more plantarflexed at toe off and Max. plantarflex. during swing phase with $24^{\circ}$(p<.001). Knee joint was more flexed at initial contact with $16^{\circ},\;24^{\circ}$ inclination(p<.001). Hip joint was more flexed at initial contact and Max. flex. during swing phase with $16^{\circ},\;24^{\circ}$ inclination and at toe off with $24^{\circ}$(p<.001) and was more extended at Max. ext. during stance phase with $24^{\circ}$(p<.05). In frontal plane, ankle joint was more everted at Max. eversion. during stance phase with $16^{\circ},\;24^{\circ}$ inclination(p<.001). Knee joint was more increased at Max. varus. during stance phase with $16^{\circ},\;24^{\circ}$ inclination(p<.001). Hip joint was not differentiated with different inclinations. In horizontal plane, all joints were not differentiated with different inclinations. Conclusionally, In ascent ramp walking, the different gait pattern generally occurred at over $16^{\circ}$ on the ascending ramp in sagittal and frontal plane. These results suggest that there is a certain inclination angle or angular range where subjects do switch between a level walking and a ascent ramp walking gait pattern. This shows their motor control strategy between level and ascent ramp walking. Further studies are necessary to confirm and detect the ascent ramp gait patterns.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.678-681
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• 2003

In this paper, we aims to develop a microcontroll er-based portable pulse oximeter using Compact Flash Interface. First, portable pulse oxineter system is designed to record 2 channel of biosignals simultaneously, including 1 channel of SpO$_2$ and 1 channel of pulse rate. It is very small and portable. Besides, the system makes it possible to measure a patients condition without an additional medical equipment. We tried to solve the problems generated by a patient's motion. That is, we added an analog circuit to a traditional pulse oximeter in order to eliminate the change of the base line. And we used 2D sector algorithm. As present, SpO$_2$ modules are completed. But there are still many further development needed in order to enhance the function. Especially, compact flash interface remains the most to complete. Second, ECG monitoring system uses almost same as present 3-lead ECG system. But we focus on the analog part, especially in filter. The proposed filter is composed of two parts. One is a filter to remove the power-line interface. The other is a filter to remove the baseline drift. A filter to remove the power-line and the baseline drift is necessarily used in the ECG system. The implemented filter have three features; minimizing the distortion in DC component, removing the harmonic component of power-line frequency. Using compact flash interface, we can easily transfer a patient's personal information and the measured signal data to a network based server environment. That means, it is possible to implement a patient's monitoring system with low cost.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.103-116
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• 2016

Objectives : This study was performed to assess the effectiveness of conservative Korean traditional medical treatment on lumbar intervertebral disc herniation in 12 adolescents. Methods : Data were collected from adolescent patients diagnosed with lumbar intervertebral herniation by MRI, hospitalized at Jaseng Korean Medicine Hospital from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2015. A total of 12 patients were included in the study. Patients were treated by acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, electroacupuncture, herbal medicine, chuna manual therapy, physical therapy during hospitalization period. To measure treatment outcomes, a verbal numerical rating scale (VNRS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), range of motion (ROM), Straight leg raising test (SLR), and EQ-5D were used. Results : The average age of the participants was $16.05{\pm}1.62$. The average of duration of symptom was $19.25{\pm}26.83(weeks)$ and the average length of hospitalization was $23.8{\pm}16.4(days)$. 2 patients (17 %) suffered from only lumbar pain, while 10 patients (83 %) suffered from lumbar and leg pain. No participant suffered from only leg pain. 8 patients (67 %) were diagnosed with disc herniation in one segment, and 4 patients (33 %) were diagnosed with disc herniation in multiple segments. A total of 17 disc segments (28 %) were herniated. The most herniated lumbar level was L4-5. 3 segments were diagnosed with bulging (17 %), 6 with protrusion (35 %), and 8 with extrusion (47 %). Extrusion was the most frequent herniated type. After treatment, the average VNRS of lumbar pain significantly decreased from $5.58{\pm}1.62$ to $2.91{\pm}1.56$ (p<0.001) and the average VNRS of leg pain significantly decreased from $5.16{\pm}2.51$ to $3.08{\pm}1.8$ (p<0.001). ODI significantly decreased from $48.87{\pm}18.72$ to $28.57{\pm}15.05$ (p<0.05), and EQ-5D significantly increased $0.58{\pm}0.31$ to $0.80{\pm}0.12$ (p<0.05). Range of flexion significantly improved from $61.25{\pm}32.62$ to $68.33{\pm}26.22$ (p<0.05). Conclusion : Conservative Korean Traditional Medical Treatment may be effective in the treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation in adolescence. However, more case reports and clinical research are needed.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.510-519
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• 2011

Intra mode decision is a useful coding tool in Distributed Video Coding (DVC) for improving DVC coding efficiency for video sequences having fast motion. A major limitation associated with the existing intra mode decision methods, however, is that its efficiency highly depends on user-specified thresholds or modeling parameters. This paper proposes an entropy-based method to address this problem. The probabilities of intra and Wyner?Ziv (WZ) modes are determined firstly by examining correlation of pixels in spatial and temporal directions. Based on these probabilities, entropy of the intra and the WZ modes are computed. A comparison based on the entropy values decides a coding mode between intra coding and WZ coding without relying on any user-specified thresholds or modeling parameters. Experimental results show its superior rate-distortion performance of improvements of PSNR up to 2 dB against a conventional Wyner?Ziv coding without intra mode decision. Furthermore, since the proposed method does not require any thresholds or modeling parameters from users, it is very attractive for real life applications.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.195-201
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• 2020

Spinal epidural lipomatosis is a rare disorder characterized by overgrowth of fat in the extradural space, causing spinal stenosis with compression of the neural elements. This study reports on the effectiveness of Korean medicine treatment on a patient who was diagnosed on lumbar stenosis with lipomatosis. The patient was treated with Korean traditional medicine including pharmacopucture, acupuncture, Chuna manual treatment, and Korean herbal medicine, cupping. Numerical rating scale (NRS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), Euroqol five dimension (EQ-5D) index, lumbar range of motion were used as objective tools for evaluating the patient's progress. Back NRS decreased from 6 to 3. In the case of lower limbl radiation NRS, 5 was reduced to 3 upon discharge. EQ-5D index also increased from 0.751 to 0.766. For ODI, the score dropped from 26.67 to 24.44 on hospitalization. As a result, clinical improvements were found in a patient. In conclusion, this study shows that Korean medicine treatment can be considered as effective conservative care for spinal stenosis with lipomatosis.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.146-157
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was performed to assess the effectiveness of Korean medicinal treatments including Antaeeum-gamibang on posterior neck pain and lower back pain caused by traffic accidents during pregnancy. Methods: Patients were treated by Antaeeum-gamibang, acupuncture and Chuna manual therapy. To measure treatment outcomes, Numerical rating scale (NRS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), Neck disability index (NDI), European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5d), and range of motion (ROM) were used. Results: After treatment, the average NRS of posterior neck pain significantly decreased from $4.20{\pm}1.30$ to $1.80{\pm}0.45$ and the average NRS of lower back pain significantly decreased from $6.40{\pm}1.14$ to $2.20{\pm}0.84$. ODI significantly decreased from $41.42{\pm}17.79$ to $28.29{\pm}14.69$, NDI significantly decreased from $34.93{\pm}9.85$ to $20.27{\pm}8.96$. EQ-5d and ROM improved at all cases. Conclusions: Korean Medicinal treatments including Antaeeum-gamibang may be effective in the treatment of posterior neck pain and lower back pain caused by traffic accidents during pregnancy. However, more case reports and studies are required to identify exactly what treatment is more efficient.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.113-124
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• 2019

In this study, the operational characteristics of a cam-type vegetable transplanter which usually used in domestic was analyzed and operating mechanism of a transplanting device was analyzed. The main components and power path of the transplanter were analyzed. The maximum and minimum control cycles according to the moving speed and the plant spacing were analyzed. 3D modeling and simulation were performed to derive the trajectory of the bottom end of the transplanting hopper and the plant spacing at the each operating condition. The simulation results were verified by the field tests. As main findings of this study, the transplanting device has one degree of freedom (DOF) which consist of 13 links, 17 rotating joints and 1 half joint, and each part has composite structure with cam and links. By continuous and repetitive motion of the structures of transplanting device, the transplanting hopper plants the seedling in the ground with a vertical direction, and the seedling was planted stably. The power is transmitted to the driving part and transplanting device from the engine, and the maximum and minimum plant spacing of the transplanting device were about 900 mm and 350 mm, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.701-709
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to compare the differences according to the visual selection and rotation order during sequential rotational jump for female dancers of a Korean ballet company by classifying them into take-off and landing sections. 10 subjects (age: 26.0±2.9 yrs, height: 163.4±3.3 cm, weight: 46.8±3.6 kg, ballet career: 12.3±5.9 yrs) participated in the study. Using a 3D motion analyzer and a force platform, the height of the body center and the ground reaction force during take-off and landing were measured. According to the visual condition (using both eyes, using left eye, using right eye) and rotation order (first rotation, second rotation), it was analyzed through repeated measurement two-way analysis. Height of the CM was higher in the first jump. In take-off, Fx was lateral force of left foot and medial force of right foot were strong in second rotation, and Fy was forward force was strong in first rotation of right foot. Fz was no significant. In landing, Fy showed backward force was strong when landing the second time from the left foot, and the backward force was strong when using the left sight from the right foot. Fz was strong on the second landing on the left foot and the first landing on the right foot.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2004

This study deals with an analysis on the sinking resistance for the model purse seine, in the case of different netting material and sinkers. The experiment was carried out using rune simplified model seines of knotless nettings. Dimension of model seines 420cm for corkline and 85cm for seine depth, three groups of models rigged 25, 45 and 60g with the same weighted sinkers in water were used. These were named PP-25, PA-25, PES-25, PP-45, PA-45, PES-45, PP-60, PA-60 and PES-60 seine. The densitie($\rho$) of netting materials were 0.91g/cm$cm^3$, 1.14g/cm$cm^3$ and 1.38g/cm$m^3$. Experiments carried out in the observation channel in a flume tank under still water conditions. Sinking motion was recorded by the one set of TV-camera for VTR, and reading coordinate carried out by the video digitization system. Differential equations were derived from the conservation of momenta of the model purse seines and used to determine the sinking speeds of the depths of leadline and the other portions of the seines. An analysis carried out by simultaneous differential equations for numerical method by sub-routine Runge-Kutta-Gill The results obtained were as follows : 1. Average sinking speed of leadline for the model seines rigged 60g with the same weighted sinkers in water was fastest for 12.2cm/sec of PES seine, followed by 11.4cm/sec of PA and 10.7cm/sec of PP seines. 2. The coefficient of resistance for netting of seine was estimated to be $K_D=0.09(\frac{\rho}{\rho_w})^4$ 3. The coefficient of resistance for netting bundle of seine was estimated to be $C_R=0.91(\frac{\rho}{\rho_w})$ 4. In all seines, the calculated depths of leadline closely agreed with the measured ones, each 25g, 45g, 60g of weighted sinkers were put into formulas meas.=1.04cal., meas.=0.99cal. and meas.=0.98 cal.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2015

Purpose : The dose distribution of organ at risk (OAR) and normal tissue is affected by treatment technique in postoperative radiation therapy for prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to compare dose distribution characteristic and to evaluate treatment efficiency by devising VMAT plans according to applying differed number of arc and IMRT plan for postoperative patient of prostate cancer radiation therapy using a rectal balloon. Materials and Methods : Ten patients who received postoperative prostate radiation therapy in our hospital were compared. CT images of patients who inserted rectal balloon were acquired with 3 mm thickness and 10 MV energy of HD120MLC equipped Truebeam STx (Varian, Palo Alto, USA) was applied by using Eclipse (Version 11.0, Varian, Palo Alto, USA). 1 Arc, 2 Arc VMAT plans and 7-field IMRT plan were devised for each patient and same values were applied for dose volume constraint and plan normalization. To evaluate these plans, PTV coverage, conformity index (CI) and homogeneity index (HI) were compared and $R_{50%}$ was calculated to assess low dose spillage as per treatment plan. $D_{25%}$ of rectum and bladder Dmean were compared on OAR. And to evaluate the treatment efficiency, total monitor units(MU) and delivery time were considered. Each assessed result was analyzed by average value of 10 patients. Additionally, portal dosimetry was carried out for accuracy verification of beam delivery. Results : There was no significant difference on PTV coverage and HI among 3 plans. Especially CI and $R_{50%}$ on 7F-IMRT were the highest as 1.230, 3.991 respectively(p=0.00). Rectum $D_{25%}$ was similar between 1A-VMAT and 2A-VMAT. But approximately 7% higher value was observed on 7F-IMRT compare to the others(p=0.02) and bladder Dmean were similar among the all plan(P>0.05). Total MU were 494.7, 479.7, 757.9 respectively(P=0.00) for 1A-VMAT, 2A-VMAT, 7F-IMRT and at the most on 7F-IMRT. The delivery time were 65.2sec, 133.1sec, 145.5sec respectively(p=0.00). The obvious shortest time was observed on 1A-VMAT. All plans indicated over 99.5%(p=0.00) of gamma pass rate (2 mm, 2%) in portal dosimetry quality assurance. Conclusion : As a result of study, postoperative prostate cancer radiation therapy for patient using a rectal balloon, there was no significant difference of PTV coverage but 1A-VMAT and 2A-VMAT were more efficient for dose reduction of normal tissue and OARs. Between VMAT plans. $R_{50%}$ and MU were little lower in 2A-VMAT but 1A-VMAT has the shortest delivery time. So it is regarded to be an effective plan and it can reduce intra-fractional motion of patient also.