• 대한기계학회논문집 C: 기술과 교육
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 유한요소해석으로 냉장고 낙하충격에 대한 하힌지의 변형거동을 분석했다. 우선 하힌지 및 하부포장재 동적물성 확보를 위해 각각 속도 별 굽힘시험과 압축시험을 수행했다. 이어 시험에서 얻은 하중-변위곡선과 유사한 거동을 나타내는 하힌지 및 하부 포장재의 유동응력식을 역공학으로 얻었다. 확보한 물성데이터를 이용해 LS-DYNA로 낙하해석을 수행해, 낙하시 냉장고 자체 및 하힌지 변형거동을 분석했다. 최종적으로 3D 측정으로 분석한 실 냉장고 낙하시험으로, 낙하해석 모델의 유효성을 검증했다. 본 연구에서 제시한 해석모델은 추후 하힌지 및 포장재의 내 충격설계 등에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1403-1419
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• 2015

When precast concrete infill panels are connected to steel frames at discrete locations, interaction at the structural interface is neither complete nor absent. The contribution of precast concrete infill panels to the lateral stiffness and strength of steel frames can be significant depending on the quality, quantity and location of the discrete interface connections. This paper presents preliminary experimental and finite element results of an investigation into the composite behaviour of a square steel frame with a precast concrete infill panel subject to lateral loading. The panel is connected at the corners to the ends of the top and bottom beams. The Frame-to-Panel-Connection, FPC4 between steel beam and concrete panel consists of two parts. A T-section with five achor bars welded to the top of the flange is cast in at the panel corner at a forty five degree angle. The triangularly shaped web of the T-section is reinforced against local buckling with a stiffener plate. The second part consists of a triangular gusset plate which is welded to the beam flange. Two bolts acting in shear connect the gusset plate to the web of the T-section. This way the connection can act in tension or compression. Experimental pull-out tests on individual connections allowed their load deflection characteristics to be established. A full scale experiment was performed on a one-storey one-bay 3 by 3 m infilled frame structure which was horizontally loaded at the top. With the characteristics of the frame-to-panel connections obtained from the experiments on individual connections, finite element analyses were performed on the infilled frame structures taking geometric and material non-linear behaviour of the structural components into account. The finite element model yields reasonably accurate results. This allows the model to be used for further parametric studies.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

Harnesses are used in a variety of industries, such as rescue operations, medicine, and entertainment. However, conventional harnesses have problems as they are uncomfortable to wear and causes continuous pain. Therefore, in this study, the load and pressure applied to the body in the flying state when using a conventional harness were measured in real time and the distribution change was observed. Load and pressure were measured using a modified corset harness, a pressure sensor, and a human mannequin to measure the maximum and average pressure on the waist. As a result, it was confirmed that the load concentrated on the waist in the flying state was 104 N, and the pressure was applied to the left and right sides was 800 kPa or greater. The pressure distribution showed a pressure of 3-45 kPa in 73% in all measurable pressures. The results of the load and pressure distribution are presented as basic data for improving the wearability and reducing the discomfort of harnesses in the future, aid in the development of a harnesses that can minimize discomfort for various activities, and increase the concentration on experiential activities. In addition, using the CLO 3D program, which is a 3D virtual wearing system, a harness was put on a virtual model, and the compression level was checked and compared with the actual pressure distribution. As a result of comparing the measured pressure values in the flying state with the clothing pressure wearing the harness in the CLO 3D program, the total pressure value was found to be about 68% of the actual measured value. This helps develop a harness that can minimize discomfort during activities by predicting the load and pressure on the body by first applying new designs to a virtual wearing system during development. These new harness patterns can solve the problems of conventional harnesses.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.43-54
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• 2006

채취된 초기 간극수를 오염물질로 치환시킨 점토시료를 대상으로 일축압축시험, 삼축압축시험, 압밀시험을 수행하여 오염물질 성상에 따른 오염점토의 역학적 특성변화를 분석하였으며, MT3D 해석모델을 이용하여 매립지 성토제방의 점토 차수층을 통한 오염물질의 거동 특성을 파악하였다. NaCl 수용액으로 치환된 시료의 경우, 농도가 증가할수록 강도, 압축성, 투수성이 증가되었다. 침출수로 포화시킨 시료의 경우, NaCl 수용액으로 포화시킨 시료에 비해 강도, 압축성의 증가현상이 크게 나타난 반면 면모화 정도가 큼에도 불구하고 투수계수는 오히려 작게 나타났다. 오염물질 이동 해석결과, 초기 염소이온 농도가 클수록 측정농도도 커지며, 시간경과에 따라 농도는 비선형적으로 증가되었다. 농도감쇄 관계식을 유도하여 이동거리를 예측한 결과, 초기 농도가 클수록 이동거리도 크게 나타났다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.589-604
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• 2016

Kenya has recently experienced worrying collapse of buildings during construction largely attributable to the poor quality of in-situ concrete and poor workmanship. The situation in the country is further compounded by rapid deterioration of infrastructure, hence necessitating the development of alternative structural systems such as concrete filled unplasticized poly vinyl chloride (UPVC) tubes as columns. The work herein adds on to the very limited and scanty work on use of UPVC tubes in construction. This study presents the findings of experimental and analytical work which investigated the structural response of composite concrete filled UPVC tubes under compressive load regime. UPVC pipes are cheaper than steel tubes and can be used as formwork during construction and thereafter as an integral part of column. Key variables in this study included the strength of infill concrete, the length to diameter ratio (L/D) of the plastic tube, as well as the diameter to thickness ratio (D/2t) of the plastic tube. Plastic tubes having varying diameters and heights were used to confine concrete of different strengths. Results obtained in the study clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of UPVC tubes as a confining medium for infill concrete, attributable to enhanced composite interaction between the UPVC tube and infill concrete medium. It was determined that compressive strength of the composite column specimens increased with increased concrete strength while the same decreased with increased column height, albeit by a small margin since all the columns considered were short columns. Most importantly, the experimental confined concrete strength increased significantly when compared to unconfined concrete strength; the strength increased between 1.18 to 3.65 times the unconfined strength. It was noted that lower strength infill concrete had the highest confined strength possibly due to enhanced composite interaction with the confining UPVC tube. The study further proposes an analytical model for the determination of confined strength of concrete.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.627-634
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• 2020

The past years were marked by an increase in the use of wood waste in civil and mechanical constructions. Date palm waste remains also one of the most solicited renewable and recyclable natural resources in the composition of composite materials. In Algeria, a great amount of this type of plant wastes accumulates every year. In order to make use of this waste, a new wood-epoxy composite material based on date palm petiole particleboard is developed. It makes use of date palm petiole particleboard as reinforcement and epoxy resin as matrix. The size of the particles reinforcement are between 1~3 mm and proportion of reinforcement used is 37%. In this work, experimental and numerical studies are conducted in order to characterize the wood fibre-epoxy plates. Firstly, experimental modal analysis test was carried out to determine Young's modulus of the elaborated material. Then, in order to validate the results, compression test was conducted. Furthermore, additional information about the shear modulus of this material is obtained by performing an experimental modal analysis to extract the first torsional mode. Moreover, a finite element model is developed using ANSYS software to simulate the vibration behaviour of the plates. The results show a good agreement with the experimental modal analysis, which confirms the values of Young's modulus and shear modulus.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.471-487
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• 2013

Performance of a prototype base isolated building located at Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati (IITG) has been studied here. Two numbers of three storeyed single bay RCC framed prototype buildings were constructed for experimental purpose at IITG, one supported on conventional isolated footings and the other on a seismic isolation system, consisting of lead plug bearings. Force balance accelerometers and a 12 channel strong motion recorder have been used for recording building response during seismic events. Floor responses from these buildings show amplification for the conventional building while 60 to 70% reduction has been observed for the isolated building. Numerical models of both the buildings have been created in SAP2000 Nonlinear. Infill walls have been modeled as compression struts and have been incorporated into the 3D models using Gap elements. System identification of the recorded data has been carried out using Parametric State Space Modeling (N4SID) and the numerical models have been updated accordingly. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of base isolation systems in controlling seismic response of isolated buildings thereby leading to increased levels of seismic protection. The numerical models calibrated by relatively low level of earthquake shaking provides the starting point for modeling the non-linear response of the building when subjected to strong shaking.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2005

The Effects of intake swirl and combustion parameters on the performance and emission characteristics in a V8 type turbocharged intercooler D.I. diesel engine of the displacement $16.7\iota$ were studied experimentally in this paper. Generally the swirl in the combustion process of diesel engine promotes mixing of the injection fuel and the intake air. Also, TCI diesel engine is put to practically use intercooler in order to increase boost efficiency which is cooled boost air. As a result of steady flow test, when the swirl ratio is increased, the mean flow coefficient is decreased, whereas the Gulf factor is increased. And through engine test, its can be effected to meet performance and emission by optimizing the main parameters; the swirl ratio is 2.25, compression ratio is 17.5, combustion bowl is re-entrant $8.5^{\circ}$, nozzle hole diameter is $\phi0.33^{\ast}3+\phi0.35^{\ast}2$, injection timing is BTDC $12^{\circ}CA$ and turbocharger is T02 model which are compressor 0.6A/R+46trim and turbine 1.0A/R+57trim.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2005

The present paper deals with the seismic response analysis and the evaluation of most likely failure modes for a water storage structure. For the stress analysis, a 3-D mathematical model has been adopted to represent the structure appropriately. The structure has been analyzed for both static and seismic loads. Seismic analysis has been carried out considering the hydrodynamic effects of the contained water. Based on the stress analyses results, the most likely failure modes viz. tensile cracking and compressive crushing of concrete for the various structural elements; caused by the seismic event have been investigated. Further an attempt has also been made to quantify the initial leakage rate and average emptying time for the structure during seismic event after evaluating the various crack parameters viz. crack-width and crack-spacing at the locations of interest. The results are presented with reference to peak ground acceleration (PGA) of the seismic event. It has been observed that, an increase in PGA would result in significant increase in stresses and crack width in the various structural members. Significant increase in initial leakage rate and decrease in average emptying time for the structure has also been observed with the increase in PGA.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2016

기존 개별요소해석은 암석과 조립재료를 대상으로, 미시거동 분석과 응용을 위한 입상체 역학 및 관련 수치모델의 개발 차원에서 수행되었으나, 시멘트 혼합토(soil-cement)의 본딩 효과를 고려한 분석은 미흡한 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 한계성을 극복하기 위하여 개별요소법 수치모델 프로그램 $PFC^{3D)}$을 이용한 시멘트 혼합토의 본딩 효과 및 실내시험 결과와의 분석을 수행하였다. 시멘트 혼합토에 대한 실내시험은 재령일을 고려한 일축압축강도시험과 시멘트 함유량에 따른 일축압축강도시험을 수행하였으며, 각 실내시험 조건에 적합한 개별요소해석을 수행하였다. 본 연구결과, 개별요소법은 지반공학적 측면에서, 혼합토의 본딩 효과에 대한 미시적 거동(micro behavior) 및 전체적 거동(macro behavior)의 예측뿐아니라, 수치시험실(numerical laboratory)로서 활용될 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.