• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.14B no.3 s.113
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• pp.163-170
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• 2007

In autonomous navigation of a mobile vehicle or a mobile robot, localization calculated from recognizing its environment is most important factor. Generally, we can determine position and pose of a camera equipped mobile vehicle or mobile robot using INS and GPS but, in this case, we must use enough known ground landmark for accurate localization. hi contrast with homography method to calculate position and pose of a camera by only using the relation of two dimensional feature point between two frames, in this paper, we propose a method to calculate the position and the pose of a camera using relation between the location to predict through perspective transform of 3D feature points obtained by overlaying 3D model with previous frame using GPS and INS input and the location of corresponding feature point calculated using KLT tracking method in current frame. For the purpose of the performance evaluation, we use wireless-controlled vehicle mounted CCD camera, GPS and INS, and performed the test to calculate the location and the rotation angle of the camera with the video sequence stream obtained at 15Hz frame rate.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.37 no.3 s.122
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• pp.182-191
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• 2007

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of midsagittal reference (MSR) planes constructed in maxillofacial 3D images. Methods: Maxillofacial computed tomography (CT) images were obtained in 36 normal occlusion individuals who did not have apparent facial asymmetry, and 3D images were reconstructed using a computer software. Six MSR planes (Cg-ANS-Ba, Cg-ANS-Op, Cg-PNS-Ba, Cg-PNS-OP, FH${\perp}$(Cg, Ba), FH${\perp}$(Cg, Op)) were constructed using the landmarks located in the midsagittal area of the maxillofacial structure, such as Cg, ANS, PNS, Ba and Op, and FH plane constructed with Po and Or. The six pairs of landmarks (Z, Fr, Fs, Zy, Mx, Ms), which represent right and left symmetry in the maxillofacial structure, were selected. Statistically significant differences of the right and the left measurements were examined through t-test, and the difference of the right and the left measurement was compared among the six MSR planes. Results: The distances from the right and the left landmarks in each pair to each MSR plane did not show a statistically significant difference. The reproducibility of the landmark identification was excellent. Conclusion: All the six planes constructed in this study can be used as a MSR plane in maxillofacial 3D analysis, particularly, the planes including Cg and ANS.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.13 no.2 s.20
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• pp.71-74
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• 2007

Background : Sasang Constitutional Medicine (SCM) is the field of traditional Korean medicine that emphasize four constitutional types for diagnosis and treatment. Appearance, personalities and pathological characteristics are main factors of Sasang constitutional classification. Previous studies carried out by the pulse analyzer showed that the pulse wave can discriminate these types. In addition, It was reported that the pulse wave are affected by age and sexuality. In this study, we investigated the pulse wave characteristics related Sasang constitution types in control group regarding their age and sexuality. Subjects and Method : Two hudred and eighteen volunteers participated in this study: healthy men in $20{\sim}49$ years old. Participants were interviewed and examined to evaluate their health condition and Sasang constitution type. Then they were tested with pulse analyzer when they ere stabilized. The pulse at the radial artery just beside styloid process was measured, because this area is landmark for pulse diagnosis in oriental medicine. 3-D Mac pulse analyzer (Daeyo Medi Co. Ansan. Korea) was used in this study. We analyzed main features of pulse waves with the Sasang condtitution types by the SPSS for Windows (ver 12.0). Results : There was significant difference between Taeum and other types in contact pressure as weil as in coefficient of floating and sinking pulse. Conclusion : By analyzing pulse waves of healthy adult men. we found significant differences exist between Taeum and other types. These pulse differences may characterize Taeum type, and it will be helpful for the evaluation of Taeum type.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.321-329
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• 2001

To establish systematic diagnosis and treatment planning of dentofacial deformity patient including facial asymmetry or hemifacial microsomia patient, comprehensive analysis of three dimensional structure of the craniofacial skeleton is needed. Even though three dimensional CT has been developed, landmark identification of the CT is still questionable. In recent, a method for correcting cephalic malpositioning that enables accurate superimposition of the landmarks in different stages without using any additional equipment was developed. It became possible to compare the three-dimensional positional change of the maxillomandible without invasive procedure. Based on the principle of the method, a new program was developed for the purpose of diagnosis and treatment planning of dentofacial deformity patient via three dimensional visualization and structural analysis. This program enables us to perform following menu. First, visualization of three dimensional structure of the craniofacial skeleton with wire frame model which was made from the landmarks observed on both lateral and frontal cephalogram. Second, establishment of midsagittal plane of the face three dimensionally, with the concept of "the plane of the best-fit". Third, examination of the degree of deviation and direction of deformity of structure to the reference plane for the purpose of establishing surgical planning. Fourth, simulation of expected postoperative result by various image operation such as mirroring, overlapping.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.63-71
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• 1999

For the purpose of utilization in 3-D conformal radiotherapy and whole body radiosurgery, the Whole Body 3-Dimensional Topographic Radiation Therapy System has been developed. Whole body frame was constructed in order to be installed on the couch. Radiopaque catheters were engraved on it for the dedicated coordinate system and a MeV-Green immobilizer was used for the patient setup by the help of side panels and plastic rods. By designing and constructing the whole body frame in this way, geometrical limitation to the gantry rotation in 3-D conformal radiotherapy could be minimized and problem which radiation transmission may be altered in particular incident angles was solved. By analyzing CT images containing information of patient setup with respect to the whole body frame, localization and coordination of the target is performed so that patient setup error may be eliminated between simulation and treatment. For the verification of setup, the change of patient positioning is detected and adjusted in order to minimize the setup error by means of comparison of the body outlines using 3 CCTV cameras. To enhance efficiency of treatment procedure, this work can be done in real time by watching the change of patient setup through the monitor. The method of image subtraction in IDL (Interactive Data Language) was used to visualize the change of patient setup. Rotating X-ray system was constructed for detecting target movement due to internal organ motion. Landmark screws were implanted either on the bones around target or inside target, and variation of target location with respect to markers may be visualized in order to minimize internal setup error through the anterior and the lateral image information taken from rotating X-ray system. For CT simulation, simulation software was developed using IDL on GUI(Graphic User Interface) basis for PC and includes functions of graphic handling, editing and data acquisition of images of internal organs as well as target for the preparation of treatment planning.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1755-1762
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• 2003

Two experiments were conducted to determine effects of particle size in total mixed ration (TMR) on performance of lactating cows. Three rumen cannulated Holstein cows were used in a $3{\times}3$ Latin square design for the metabolic experiment. The particle size of the diets was determined using the Penn State Particle Size Separator (PSPSS) and weighing the proportion of sample remaining on the top screen (19 mm diameter). The 3 treatments were short, medium or long diets (4.9, 24.2 and 27.8% of sample remaining on the top screen of the PSPSS, respectively). Nine farms in the Edmonton area were surveyed and the farms were placed into groups based on the particle size of the ration fed. The groups were short ${\leq}6%$, medium 7-12% and long ${\geq}13%$ of sample weight remaining on the top screen of the PSPSS. Dry matter intake was greater (p=0.07) for the medium diet than the long diet in the metabolic study and resulted in a higher (p=0.07) efficiency of milk production. On the commercial farms, a significantly (p=0.002) lower milk fat percentage was observed for the long diet compared to the short diet. The results of these studies confirm that forage particle size influences milk composition and milk fat was negatively correlated to TMR particle size.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.18-27
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• 2011

Although information communication technology (ICT) is long regard as very useful tool in today's construction engineering and project management environment, organizations must not only operate based upon its original setting, but also requires on-going observation, additional features and fine-tuning actions before the desirable outcome can be achieved. However, it is a very common phenomenon that organizations purchase the licensed "off-the-shelf-software" package and customize it to suit their own business need. Due to the incapability of such software and inefficient customization, the possible result is making that ICT tool not user-friendly and sometimes the whole system becomes obsolete. The purpose of this paper is to review and report those actions taken (between February 2006 and December 2010) by a construction organization to enhance the performance of its Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system launched in December 2002. Such actions include: improving data inputting method; removing the transition bottleneck; introducing crystallization function; revising the organization's "Delegation and Limits of Authority"; publishing the "League Table" amongst users; integrating the 3D Mode into the system and upgrading hardware. Whilst the ultimate goals of such system are well beyond the time limit of this research study, an obvious interim result, achieved by this case studied organization, was winning a landmark project worth US$500 million after the ERP system was functioned properly and effectively. Their experience and success becomes an exemplar which can be borrowed by those companies, from managerial perspectives and as a roadmap, planning to adopt information technology (IT) strategy and use ICT tool in the construction engineering and project management framework. Singapore, where public housing provisions have been a major concern of their citizens as the building stock gets older.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2003

The present study was carried out to establish the standard karyotype of the Korean Native Chicken and to find their chromosomal band markers using high-resolution banding technique. Chromosome analysis was performed on early chick embryos following in vitro culture of fertilized eggs of the yellow-brown and the red-brown lines of the Korean Native Chicken which had been established at National Livestock Research Institute. The high-resolution banding of the chromosome was achieved by treating the embryos with ethidium bromide and colchicine during culture. On GTG-banding, the Korean Native Chicken exhibited a typical chick banding pattern in all the macrochromosomes. Overall chromosomal morphology and positions of typical landmarks of the Korean Native Chicken were virtually identical to those of White Leghorn and International System for Standardized Avian Karyotypes(ISSAK). However, the lengths and G-band numbers of the Korean Native Chicken macrochromosomes were greater than those of White Leghorn and ISSAK. Especially in chromosomes 1 and Z, the Korean Native Chicken exhibited more separated bands in compared with ISSAK. In C-banding patterns, although a lot of observed cells had C-band polymorphic patterns, almost the Korean Native Chicken macrochromosomes had heterochromatic C-band on centromeres and/or near terminal part. However, the heterochromatic C-band was constantly observed at the end of q-arm of Z chromosomes and on the whole W chromosome. In addition, the Korean Native Chicken exhibited distinctive heteromorphic patterns of C-bands on the centromere of chromosome 3 and at the end of q-arm of Z chromosome between homologous chromosomes.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 2024

The most critical aspect of full-arch prosthodontic treatment is evaluating whether the patient's vertical occlusal dimension is appropriate, and if necessary, restoring it through increasing vertical dimension. If the vertical occlusal dimension is too low, it can lead to reduced chewing efficiency, as well as not only aesthetic concerns but also potential issues like hyperactivity of muscles and posterior displacement of the mandible. This report is about the patient dissatisfied with pronunciation and aesthetics due to an inappropriate vertical occlusal dimension resulting from prior prosthetic interventions, underwent full-arch prosthodontic restoration treatment. Through the utilization of digital diagnostic apparatus, a comprehensive evaluation was undertaken for patient's vertical occlusal dimension, occlusal plane orientation, and the condition of prosthetic restorations. Through 3D facial scanning, the facial landmarks were discerned, and subsequently, the new occlusal plane was established. This provided the foundation for a digitally guided diagnostic wax-up. An elevation of 5 mm from the incisor was determined. Comprehensive dental rehabilitation was then executed for all remaining teeth, excluding the maxillary four incisors. The treatment protocol followed a systematic approach by initially creating implant-supported restorations on both sides of the dental arch to establish a stable occlusal contact. Subsequently, prosthetic restorations for the natural dentition were generated. Diagnostic and treatment planning were established through the utilization of facial scanning. This subsequently led to a reduction in treatment complexity and an expedited treatment timeline.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.161-166
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• 2006

Purpose: Recently, the incidence of early gastric cancer (EGC) patients is rapidly increased in Korea. However, they're often not perceptible by surgical palpation or inspection. The aim of this study is 1) to develope a software that can locate the tumor and measure the mucosal distance from an anatomic landmark to the tumor using CT gastrography and 2) to compare the distance measured by the developed software with the distance measured by the pathologic findings. Materials and Methods: Between January 2004 and September 2005, sixty patients (male=45, female=15, mean 57.8 years old) estimated for EGC with preoperative CT scans and undergone gastrectomies in Kyungpook National University Hospital were enrolled in this study. Preoperative CT scans were performed after insufflations of room air via 5 Fr NG tube. The scans included the following parameters: (slice thickness/reconstruction interval: 0.625 mm, kVp: 120, mAs: 200). 3D volume rendering and measurement of the surface distance from the pylorus to the EGC were performed using the developed software. Results: The average difference between the lesion to pylorus distances measured from pathologic specimens and CT gastrography was $5.3{\pm}2.9\;mm(range,\;0{\sim}23\;mm)$. The lesion to pylorus distance measured from CT gastrography was well correlated with that measured from the pathologic specimens (r=0.9843, P<0.001). Conclusion: These results suggest that the surface distance from an anatomic landmark to the EGC can be measured accurately by CT gastrography. This technique could be used for preoperative localization of early gastric carcinomas to determine the optimal extent of surgical resection.