• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.35-35
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• 2017

How do plants take up water from soils especially when water is scarce in soils? Plants have a strategy to respond to water deficit to manage water necessary for their survival and growth. Plants regulate water transport inside them. Water flows inside the plant via (i) apoplastic pathway including xylem vessel and cell wall and (ii) cell-to-cell pathway including water channels sitting in cell membrane (aquaporins). Water transport across the root and leaf is explained by a composite transport model including those pathways. Modification of the components in those pathways to change their hydraulic conductivity can regulate water uptake and management. Apoplastic barrier is modified by producing Casparian band and suberin lamellae. These structures contain suberin known to be hydrophobic. Barley roots with more suberin content from the apoplast showed lower root hydraulic conductivity. Root hydraulic conductivity was measured by a root pressure probe. Plant root builds apoplastic barrier to prevent water loss into dry soil. Water transport in plant is also regulated in the cell-to-cell pathway via aquaporin, which has received a great attention after its discovery in early 1990s. Aquaporins in plants are known to open or close to regulate water transport in response to biotic and/or abiotic stresses including water deficit. Aquaporins in a corn leaf were opened by illumination in the beginning, however, closed in response to the following leaf water potential decrease. The evidence was provided by cell hydraulic conductivity measurement using a cell pressure probe. Changing the hydraulic conductivity of plant organ such as root and leaf has an impact not only on the speed of water transport across the plant but also on the water potential inside the plant, which means plant water uptake pattern from soil could be differentiated. This was demonstrated by a computer simulation with 3-D root structure having root hydraulic conductivity information and soil. The model study indicated that the root hydraulic conductivity plays an important role to determine the water uptake from soil with suboptimal water, although soil hydraulic conductivity also interplayed.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.150-156
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• 2007

본 연구는 서로 다른 상염색체에 위치하고 있는 초위성체 유전 표지를 활용한 한국재래돼지 집단의 개체 식별시스템 설정을 위해 수행되었다. 공시재료는 4품종에서 총 446두가 사용되었으며 13종의 좌위에 대한 개체별 유전자형을 분석하였다. 이들 13종에서 출현된 이형접합도는 0.286-0.686였으며 marker 다형성 정보량은 0.399-0.796로 나타났다. 한국 재래돼지 집단에서 나타난 대립 유전자 발현 특성은 다른 대조 품종 집단과 매우 상이한 결과를 나타냈다. S0228좌위는 전체 8종의 대립유전자가 나타난 가운데 다른 3품종에서는 발현이 되지 않은 235 대립유전자가 한국 재래돼지 집단에서만 발현이 되었다. 5종의 초위성체 유전 표지를 활용할 경우 누적 개체 식별력은 99.999%를 나타냈으며 두 마리의 서로 다른 개체가 서로 같은 유전자형을 가질 짝확률은 $0.36{\times}10^{-9}$으로 추정되었다. 따라서 10종의 선정된 유전 표지는 한국재래돼지 집단에서 적정 신뢰도를 제공할 수 있는 개체 식별 시스템을 설정할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.131-143
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to understand the living culture of transnational married women and to analyze the out door play of children in their hometown. The data was collected through observation from 27th June to 7th July 2008 in Jian, Jilin Province China. The children's play and lifestyles were observed, and data pertaining to the culture of the people were collected by a teacher and staff. We also visited the residents for housing information. The results are given below. 1. They dressed in Korean clothes on festive days and the boys put on a hood. They had eating habits which included cooking for themselves or buying semi-manufactured goods but did not use, instant food. The housing habits involved a combination of cooking and heating by Korean floor heating system(Ondol). They utilized outdoor space to grow vegetables. Those with a fulltime job(teacher) preferred to live in an apartment but an apartment was too expensive. Public utility charges and traffic expenses were cheap. 2. The main festive days are the lunar New Year's Day and Chuseok. The children returned home and enjoyed the festive day with their parents. The language used are Korean language and Chinese. Some Korean words and phrases in Jian Joseonjok have different meanings as compared to how they are used in Korea. A capping ceremony did not to celebrate becoming an adult from an adolescent. Couples performed a wedding ceremony at a wedding hall attended by their parents and invited relatives from both families. The relatives gave the couple a wedding gift. They did not go on a wedding trip as it was not affordable but instead spent their wedding night at a hotel in this culture. When someone dies, they bury the body after cremation. They perform a memorial service for three years on the birthday of the departed. They have a banquet on the 60th birthdays with their relatives and neighbours and are typically presented with a carp for longevity. 3. They understand capitalism and therefore send their children to school to improve their social position. The Korean and Chinese languages are required subjects in school. The students choose a second language(English or Russian). They prefer English class but at the time of this study an English class was not offered at the school in Jian Joseonjok. Therefore the children entered a Chinese school. 4. The children play outdoor games such as Y$\acute{a}$o J$\grave{i}\bar{a}$(要家), X$\grave{i}$ang g$\grave{i}$(象棋), T$\grave{i}\grave{a}$o p$\acute{i}$ j$\grave{i}$n(r)(跳皮節), D$\grave{o}$uch ing g$\grave{u}$n 凍冷根, B$\bar{e}$i B$\bar{e}$i 背背, and soccer. They play games according to the season.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.816-824
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• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate the shoot height at which the yield and nutritive value of wormwood (Artemisia montana) is optimized in order to provide information on its potential to support animal production (Experiment 1). A second objective was to determine how the essential oil (EO) concentration in wormwood hay and silage differ (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, Artemisia montana was harvested at five different shoot heights (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 cm) from triplicate $1.8{\times}1.8m$ plots. Dry matter (DM) yield was measured at each harvest date and the harvested wormwood was botanically separated into leaf, stalk and whole plant fractions and analyzed for chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility (DMD). Values for total digestible nutrients (TDN), digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) were subsequently calculated using prediction equations. Dry matter yields of stalk and whole plant increased linearly (p<0.001) and leaf yield increased quadratically (p<0.01) with shoot height, whereas the leaf/stalk ratio decreased linearly (p<0.001). As shoot height increased, there was a linear increase (p<0.001) in leaf DM, ether extract (EE) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents and a quadratic increase (p<0.05) in leaf acid detergent fiber (ADF) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) contents, and stalk and whole plant DM (p<0.001), organic matter (OM, p<0.01 and p<0.05), NDF (p<0.001 and 0.05) and NFE (p<0.05) contents. However, there were decreases in leaf crude protein content (CP, quadratic, p<0.001) and stalk and whole plant EE content (linear, p<0.001), CP (quadratic, p<0.05) and ash (quadratic, p<0.05) contents. Digestibility of DM and TDN, and DE and ME value in leaves were not affected by increasing shoot height, but these measures linearly decreased (p<0.001) in stalk and whole plant. In Experiment 2, the hay had higher DM and CP concentrations, but lower EE concentration than the silage. Essential oil (EO) content in wormwood silage (0.49 g/100 g DM) was higher (p<0.05) than that in wormwood hay (0.32 g/100 g DM). Wormwood hay contained 25 essentail oils (EO) including camphor (10.4 g/100 g), 1-borneol (11.6 g/100 g) and caryophyllene oxide (27.7 g/100 g), and wormwood silage had 26 EO constituents including 3-cyclohexen-1-ol (8.1 g/100 g), trans-caryophyllene (8.6 g/100 g) and ${\gamma}$-selinene (16.8 g/100 g). It is concluded that the most ideal shoot height for harvesting wormwood is 60 cm based on the optimization of DM yield and nutritive value. Wormwood silage had a greater quantity and array of EO than wormwood hay.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제87권3호
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• pp.445-458
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• 1998

본 연구는 지리산 국립공원 오봉리 지역에서 집단적으로 분포하는 물박달나무림의 식생구조와 동태를 분석하여 물박달나무림의 경영과 분포지에 대한 정보를 제공하기 위하여 수행되었다. 그 결과 물박달나무림의 구조는 교목층(18종류), 아교목층(29종류), 관목층(43수종) 그리고 초본층(68종류)으로 구성되어 있다. 층위별 중요치는 교목층에서 물박달나무가 129.97%로 가장 높고 다음으로 물오리나무(49.04%), 밤나무(25.58%), 졸참나무(25.02%), 노각나무(14.49%), 아교목층에서 물박달나무(70.81%), 졸참나무(37.47%), 물푸레나무(25.35%), 비목나무(24.52%) 및 노각나무(18.86%)가 높은 우점을 보였고, 관목층에서는 조릿대(28.28%), 비목(24.94%), 개윷나무(20.42%), 국수나무(19.90%), 그리고 초본층에서는 오미자(18.51%), 참취(12.26%), 애기나리(10.63%)로 우점하고 있었다. 30개 조사방형구에서 전층을 대상으로 출현 비출현에 의한 17수종에 대한 $x^2$ 검정결과 굴참나무-상수리나무, 노각나무-검노린재나무, 당단풍-신갈나무간에는 고도의 유의성이 인정되었다. 또 밀도에 의한 Pearson 상관에서는 $x^2$ 검정에서 보다, 많은 7개 쌍의 유의성이 인정되었고, Spearman 상관에서는 모두 18개의 상관이 있는 쌍이 인정되었다. 물박달나무림에 대한 직경급의 분포는 물박달나무림의 지속이 계속될 것으로 예상되지만 치수 발생량이 거의 없어 앞으로 졸참나무, 노각나무 등 교목층과 아교목층을 형성하고 있는 활엽수종과 경쟁에 의하여 천이가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.1085-1090
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• 2002

Genetic parameters for birth weights (BWT), calving ease scores observed from calves born by heifers (CEH), and calving ease scores observed from calves born by cows (CEC) were estimated using Bayesian methodology with Gibbs sampling in different threshold animal models. Data consisted of 77,458 records for calving ease scores and birth weights in Gelbvieh cattle. Gibbs samplers were used to obtain the parameters of interest for the categorical traits in two univariate threshold animal models, a bivariate threshold animal model, and a three-trait linear-threshold animal model. Samples of heritabilities and genetic correlations were calculated from the posterior means of dispersion parameters. In a univariate threshold animal model with CEH (model 1), the posterior means of heritabilities for calving ease was 0.35 for direct genetic effects and 0.18 for maternal genetic effects. In the other univariate threshold model with CEC (model 2), the posterior means of heritabilities of CEC was 0.28 for direct genetic effects and 0.18 for maternal genetic effects. In a bivariate threshold model with CEH and CEC (model 3), heritability estimates were similar to those in unvariate threshold models. In this model, genetic correlation between heifer calving ease and cow calving ease was 0.89 and 0.87 for direct genetic effect and maternal genetic effects, respectively. In a three-trait animal model, which contained two categorical traits (CEH and CEC) and one continuous trait (BWT) (model 4), heritability estimates of CEH and CEC for direct (maternal) genetic effects were 0.40 (0.23) and 0.23 (0.13), respectively. In this model, genetic correlation estimates between CEH and CEC were 0.89 and 0.66 for direct genetic effects and maternal effects, respectively. These estimates were greater than estimates between BWT and CEH (0.82 and 0.34) or BWT and CEC (0.85 and 0.26). This result indicates that CEH and CEC should be high correlated rather than estimates between calving ease and birth weight. Genetic correlation estimates between direct genetic effects and maternal effects were -0.29, -0.31 and 0.15 for BWT, CEH and CEC, respectively. Correlation for permanent environmental effects between BWT and CEC was -0.83 in model 4. This study can provide genetic evaluation for calving ease with other continuous traits jointly with assuming that calving ease from first calving was a same trait to calving ease from later parities calving. Further researches for reliability of dispersion parameters would be needed even if the more correlated traits would be concerned in the model, the higher reliability could be obtained, especially on threshold model with property that categorical traits have little information.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.1237-1246
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to estimate variance components and genetic parameters for lactation milk yield (LY), lactation length (LL), average milk yield per day (YD), initial milk yield (IY), peak milk yield (PY), days to peak (DP) and parameters (ln(a) and c) of the modified incomplete gamma function (MIG) in an Ethiopian multibreed dairy cattle population. The dataset was composed of 5,507 lactation records collected from 1,639 cows in three locations (Bako, Debre Zeit and Holetta) in Ethiopia from 1977 to 2010. Parameters for MIG were obtained from regression analysis of monthly test-day milk data on days in milk. The cows were purebred (Bos indicus) Boran (B) and Horro (H) and their crosses with different fractions of Friesian (F), Jersey (J) and Simmental (S). There were 23 breed groups (B, H, and their crossbreds with F, J, and S) in the population. Fixed and mixed models were used to analyse the data. The fixed model considered herd-year-season, parity and breed group as fixed effects, and residual as random. The single and two-traits mixed animal repeatability models, considered the fixed effects of herd-year-season and parity subclasses, breed as a function of cow H, F, J, and S breed fractions and general heterosis as a function of heterozygosity, and the random additive animal, permanent environment, and residual effects. For the analysis of LY, LL was added as a fixed covariate to all models. Variance components and genetic parameters were estimated using average information restricted maximum likelihood procedures. The results indicated that all traits were affected (p<0.001) by the considered fixed effects. High grade $B{\times}F$ cows (3/16B 13/16F) had the highest least squares means (LSM) for LY ($2,490{\pm}178.9kg$), IY ($10.5{\pm}0.8kg$), PY ($12.7{\pm}0.9kg$), YD ($7.6{\pm}0.55kg$) and LL ($361.4{\pm}31.2d$), while B cows had the lowest LSM values for these traits. The LSM of LY, IY, YD, and PY tended to increase from the first to the fifth parity. Single-trait analyses yielded low heritability ($0.03{\pm}0.03$ and $0.08{\pm}0.02$) and repeatability ($0.14{\pm}0.01$ to $0.24{\pm}0.02$) estimates for LL, DP and parameter c. Medium heritability ($0.21{\pm}0.03$ to $0.33{\pm}0.04$) and repeatability ($0.27{\pm}0.02$ to $0.53{\pm}0.01$) estimates were obtained for LY, IY, PY, YD and ln(a). Genetic correlations between LY, IY, PY, YD, ln(a), and LL ranged from 0.59 to 0.99. Spearman's rank correlations between sire estimated breeding values for LY, LL, IY, PY, YD, ln(a) and c were positive (0.67 to 0.99, p<0.001). These results suggested that selection for IY, PY, YD, or LY would genetically improve lactation milk yield in this Ethiopian dairy cattle population.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.56-65
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• 2016

BIM 적용으로 인해 비용절감 효과를 얻은 사례가 많은 학회, 보고서, 세미나 등을 통해 보고되고 있다. 이러한 사례에서는 BIM을 적용하여 재작업 및 재시공방지와 같은 직접적인 비용 절감 효과를 얻을 수 있다고 언급하고 있다. 또한 작업시간 단축, 업무 생산성 향상과 같이 비용으로 환산할 수 없는 효과도 존재한다. 국내외 BIM 사용자들은 BIM 적용으로 인한 비용절감에 관한 잠재적인 가치가 있다고 판단하고 있다. 그러나 아직까지 국내에서는 BIM 적용으로 인한 뚜렷한 경제적 가치(ROI)가 드러나지 않고 있으며, 국내 BIM 사용자들도 경제적 성과에 대해서 부정적인 반응을 보이고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 경제적 가치로 환산하기 어려운 작업시간, 생산성 향상과 같은 BIM 적용 효과를 진단하고, BIM 적용 효과를 얻기 위해서 수반되어야 하는 것들은 무엇인지 살펴보고자 한다. 그리고 본 연구는 건설 프로젝트 생애주기 동안 다양한 분야에 적용될 수 있는 BIM의 적용효과를 견적분야를 대상으로 조사하였다. 본 연구는 동일한 프로젝트를 대상으로 기존 견적과 BIM 견적에서의 작업시간을 비교하였다. 그 결과 기존 견적과 같이 BIM 견적에서 작업속도 및 생산성을 향상시키기 위해서는 실무자들의 BIM 교육, 모델링 작업 기준, BIM 연동 내역서가 필요한 것으로 드러났다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.381-390
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• 2017

라이프스타일은 사회전체 또는 사회의 일부 구성원들이 공통으로 가지고 있는 생활양식이므로 소비자 행동을 이해하는 중요한 변수이다. 이에 본 연구는 모바일게임 이용자의 라이프스타일과 게임 지속사용의도 간의 관계를 파악하고자 한국과 중국의 20세 이상 성인 모바일게임 이용자를 대상으로 설문조사를 시행하였으며 수집된 데이터는 통계패키지 프로그램인 SPSS 20.0을 사용하여 위계적 다중회귀분석을 시행하였다. 설문에 참석한 인원은 총 212명으로 성별의 비율은 남성과 여성이 50 대 50이고 국적은 대한민국 107명, 중국 105명이다. 연구결과 첫째, 라이프스타일을 고려하지 않는다면, 남자일수록, 대한민국 국적이 아닐수록(중국 국적일수록) 지속사용의도가 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 모바일게임 사용자의 라이프스타일 중 도전추구, 유행추구, 보수 및 과시형은 게임의 지속사용의도에 중요한 원인변수가 될 수 있다. 그러나 이러한 라이프스타일의 영향력은 개인의 성별이나 국적에 따라 다르다는 것과 연관 지어 설명할 수는 없다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 향후 중국 모바일게임 시장에 진출하고자 하는 기업과 정부 정책의 전략적 방안 수립을 위한 기초 자료로 제공하고자 한다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.162-170
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• 2003

이 논문에서는 한국인의 뇌 기능 영상 연구에서의 정확한 분석을 위한 한국인 뇌 확률 지도를 제작하였고 이를 실제 기능 영상 연구에 적용할 수 있도록 하는 뇌 위치 정보 추출 프로그램에 대하여 소개하였다. 한국인의 표준 뇌 확률 지도를 작성하기 위하여 정신과적 병력이 없는 정상인 76개의 뇌 영상을 서울대학교 신경정신과와 핵의학과로부터 수집하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 표준 뇌 영상을 결정하였다. 결정된 표준 뇌 영상은 숙련된 전문의로부터 89개의 해부학적 영역으로 분할하는 작업이 이루어졌다. 표준 뇌 영상에서 분할된 정보들은 자동 분할 알고리즘에서의 기준으로 사용되어 나머지 75개의 뇌 영상들에 대해서도 해부학적 정보들을 가지도록 하였다. 76개의 뇌 영상들에 생성된 각각의 89개의 해부학적 정보들은 동일 위치에서의 확률정보로서 변환되어 뇌 확률 지도를 생성하였다. 제작된 한국인의 뇌 확률지도는 한국인의 뇌에 대한 편차 정보와 해부학적인 정보를 가지며 이는 한국인의 기능 영상 연구에 있어서 보다 정확한 결과를 제시할 수 있다.