• 제목/요약/키워드: 3D conformal radiotherapy

검색결과 94건 처리시간 0.027초

Estimated Risk of Radiation Induced Contra Lateral Breast Cancer Following Chest Wall Irradiation by Conformal Wedge Field and Forward Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy Technique for Post-Mastectomy Breast Cancer Patients

  • Athiyaman, Hemalatha;M, Athiyaman;Chougule, Arun;Kumar, HS
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제17권12호
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    • pp.5107-5111
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    • 2016
  • Background: Epidemiological studies have indicated an increasing incidence of radiation induced secondary cancer (SC) in breast cancer patients after radiotherapy (RT), most commonly in the contra-lateral breast (CLB). The present study was conducted to estimate the SC risk in the CLB following 3D conformal radiotherapy techniques (3DCRT) including wedge field and forward intensity modulated radiotherapy (fIMRT) based on the organ equivalent dose (OED). Material and Methods: RT plans treating the chest wall with conformal wedge field and fIMRT plans were created for 30 breast cancer patients. The risks of radiation induced cancer were estimated for the CLB using dose-response models: a linear model, a linear-plateau model and a bell-shaped model with full dose response accounting for fractionated RT on the basis of OED. Results: The plans were found to be ranked quite differently according to the choice of model; calculations based on a linear dose response model fIMRT predict statistically significant lower risk compared to the enhanced dynamic wedge (EDW) technique (p-0.0089) and a non-significant difference between fIMRT and physical wedge (PW) techniques (p-0.054). The widely used plateau dose response model based estimation showed significantly lower SC risk associated with fIMRT technique compared to both wedge field techniques (fIMRT vs EDW p-0.013, fIMRT vs PW p-0.04). The full dose response model showed a non-significant difference between all three techniques in the view of second CLB cancer. Finally the bell shaped model predicted interestingly that PW is associated with significantly higher risk compared to both fIMRT and EDW techniques (fIMRT vs PW p-0.0003, EDW vs PW p-0.0032). Conclusion: In conclusion, the SC risk estimations of the CLB revealed that there is a clear relation between risk associated with wedge field and fIMRT technique depending on the choice of model selected for risk comparison.

Effects of Millimetric Shifts in Breast Cancer Radiotherapy on the Radiation Dose Distribution

  • Sanli, Yusuf Tolga;Cukurcayir, Funda;Abacigil, Fatma
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.1197-1199
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    • 2016
  • Background: This study aimed to facilitate decision-making in cases of breast cancer radiotherapy shifts by simulating millimetric shifts and analyzing their effects on dose distribution. Methods: The study included 30 patients with left side breast cancer who were treated with three dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) in the Radiation Oncology Department in Hatay Public Hospital, between January 2013 and April 2015. A treatment plan shifting at three axes with six different measures was simulated. Results: The biggest difference in values was (+3mm shift) 476cGy, with a 7.7 % change for heart and 25.6% for spinal cord. The shifts in values respectively for CTV min, mean, max were -4.8%, 2.5%, 4%. The differences for lymphatic min, mean, max were 21.3%, 20.3%, -12.2%. Conclusion: The most important thing is not the treatment plan quality, but its practicality. The treatment plan must be practical and its practice must be controlled rigidly.

호흡주기에 따른 방사선입체조형치료법의 개발 (Development of Conformal Radiotherapy with Respiratory Gate Device)

  • 추성실;조광환;이창걸;서창옥
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.41-52
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    • 2002
  • 목적 : 호흡주기에 따른 위치변동 감지센서를 이용하여 종양의 위치가 일정워치에 있을 때만 방사선을 치료하는 호흡 동기치료기구를 제작하고 일정한 호흡주기 상태에서 수행된 CT simulation과 3차원 입체조형치료계획에 따라 방사선을 치료하는 시스템을 개발하고자 하였다. 호흡유무에 따른 종양의 치료 마진(margin)을 측정하고 계획용표적체적(planning target volume:PTV)의 크기에 따른 선량체적표(dose volume histogram:DVH)와 종양억제확률(tumor control probability:NTCP), 건강조직손상확률(normal tissue complication probability:NTCP) 및 선량 통계자료를 통하여 치료성과를 평가하고 선량증강 범위를 예측하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 종양이 비교적 작고 전이가 없는(T1N0M0) 5명의 폐암환자를 선택하여 X-선 조준장치를 이용하여 횡격막의 이동거리를 측정하는 방법으로 내부장기의 운동을 평가하였다. 호흡동기치료기구는 끌어당김 센서가 부착된 허리띠 모양으로 구성되었으며 이를 흉곽 또는 복부에 부착하여 호흡주기에 의한 흉곽의 크기변동에 따라 센서의 회로가 개폐되고 이것을 선형가속기의 조종간에 연결하는 간단한 기구로서 감도와 재현성이 높았다. 호흡을 배기한 후 일시적 호흡이 정지된 상태에서 Spiral-CT (PQ-5000)로 3차원 영상을 획득하고 Virtual CT-simulator (AcQ-SIM)에 의하여 종양의 위치와 주위 장기들을 확인 도시하였으며 3차원 치료계획장치(Pinnacle, ADAC Co.)를 이용하여 3차원 입체조형치료를 계획하였다. 치료계획의 평가는 호흡동기치료기구의 사용유무에 따른 PTV의 크기에 따라 최적 선량분포를 구사하였으며 각각의 DVH, TCP, NTCP 및 선량통계자료를 도출 비교 검토하였다. 결과 : X-선 simulation에서 폐암환자의 횡격막 이동은 약 1 cm에서 2.5 cm로서 평균 1.5 cm로 측정되었고 자유호흡시 PTV는 CTV (clinical target volume)에 약 2 cm 마진을 주었으며 호흡동기치료기구를 사용하였을 때는 0.5 cm 마진이 적당한 것으로 측정되었다. 종양의 PTV는 연장 마진의 거의 자승비로 증가하였으며 TCP의 값은 마진 범위 $(0.5\~2.0\;cm)$에 관계없이 거의 일정하였고 NTCP의 값은 마진 크기에 따라 평균 $65\%$로 급속히 증가하였다. 결론 : 호흡주기에 따른 위치변동 감지센서를 이용한 호흡동기치료기구는 종양의 위치가 일정할 때만 방사선이 조사되는 간단하고 정확한 장치로서 3차원 입체조형치료 및 강도변조방사선치료에서 매우 유용한 장치임을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 호흡조절 방사선입체조형치료방법의 기술과 시술절차를 확립시키고 정량적인 선량평가를 위하여 DVH, TCP, NTCP 등의 정량분석과 종양의 투여 선량 증가량(dose escalation)을 예측하는 기초자료를 제공할 수 있었다.

비인강암에서 방사선 구강 건조증 발생 감소를 위한 3차원 입체조형치료 (Parotid Gland Sparing Radiotherapy Technique Using 3-D Conformal Radiotherapy for Nasopharyngeal CarcinomB)

  • 임지훈;김귀언;금기창;서창옥;이상욱;박희철;조재호;이상훈;장세경;노준규
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2000
  • 목적 : 비인강암에서 방사선치료는 근치적 목적으로 사용되고 있으나 방사선치료 후 이하선 기능 저하에 따른 구강 건조증이 생기는 것이 문제이다. 방사선치료에 의한 구강 건조증의 발생을 감소시키기 위해 방사선조사시 이하선을 보호하는 새로운 치료 기법을 개발하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 림프절 전이가 없고 종양의 침범 범위가 서로 상이한 비인강암 4례를 대상으로 2가지의 새로운 치료계획을 수립하고 기존의 2차원 통상치료계획과 비교하였다. 치료계획-A는 기존의 2차원 통상치료 방법이며, 치료계획-B는 져 Gy 이후에 축소조사를 3차원 입체 조형치료로 하는 것이며, 치료계획-C는 방사선 치료 처음부터 3차원 입체 조형치료를 이용하여 양측 이하선을 방사선 조사영역에서 제외시키면서 30.6 Gy에서 척수 차폐를 시행하고 져 Gy 이후에 축소조사시 비동일 평면 3차원 입체조형치료를 시행하는 방법이다. 위 3가지 치료계획은 모두 70.2 Gy의 선랸을 계획용 표적체적내 회전중심점에 처방하여 각 치료계획마다 계획용 표적체적과 이하선의 등선량 분포, 선량체적 히스토그람(dose volume histogram, DVH), 선량통계(dose statistics), 정상조직손상확률(normal tissue complication probability, NTCP)을 비교하였다. 결과 : 전 예의 환자에서 치료 표적 부위의 등선량 분포, 선량통계와 선량체적 히스토그람상 치료계획-C에서 치료선량이 표적체적 내에 보다 균일하게 조사되었다. 선량통계분석에서 이하선에 조사되는 평균 방사선량은 치료계획-C에서 가장 적었으며(치료계획-A 58 Gy, 치료계획-B 50 Gy, 치료계획-C 48.5 Gy), 46 Gy가 조사되는 체적도 가장 적었다(치료계획-A 100$\%$, 치료계획-B 98$\%$, 치료계획-C 69$\%$). 선량체적 히스토그람도 치료계획-C에서 가장 우수하였고, 선량체적 히스토그람을 이용하여 계산된 정상조직 부작용 확률도 치료계획-C에서 가장 낮았다. 결론 : 방사선치료 초기부터 3차원 입체조형치료를 적용하여 이하선을 치료 조사영역에서 제외하고, 축소 조사시에 다양한 조사방향을 가능하게 하기 위해 45 Gy 이전에 척수 차폐(spinal cord block)를 적용하는 이 같은 새로운 방사선치료 기법이 림프절 전이가 없는 비인강암의 환자에서 구강 건조증 발생을 감소시키는 방사선치료기법으로 추천될 수 있다고 사료된다.

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3차원 입체조형치료에 대한 간암의 선량분포와 정상조직손상확률의 평가 (Evaluation of DVH and NTCP in Hepatoma for 3D Conformal Radiation Therapy)

  • 정갑수;양한준;고신관
    • 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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    • 제20권2호
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    • pp.79-82
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    • 1997
  • Image-based three dimensional radiation treatment planning(3D RTP) has a potential of generating superior treatment plans. Advances in computer technology and software developments quickly make 3D RTP a feasible choice for routine clinical use. However, it has become clear that an evaluation of a 3D plan is more difficult than a 2D plan. A number of tools have been developed to facilitate the evaluation of 3D RTP both qualitatively and quantitatively. For example, beam's eye view(BEV) is one of the most powerful and time-saving method as a qualitative tools. Dose-volume histogram(DVH) has been proven to be one of the most valuable methods for a quantitative tools. But it has a limitation to evaluate several different plans for biological effects of the tissue and critical organ. Therefore, there is a strong interest in developing quantitative models which would predict the likely biological response of irradiated organs and tissues, such as tumor control probability(TCP) and normal tissue complication probability(NTCP). DVH and NTCP of hepatoma were evaluated for three dimensional conformal radiotherapy(3D CRT). Also, 3D RTP was analysed as a dose optimization based on beam arrangement and beam modulation.

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Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for portal vein tumor thrombosis alone in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

  • Lee, Ju Hye;Kim, Dong Hyun;Ki, Yong Kan;Nam, Ji Ho;Heo, Jeong;Woo, Hyun Young;Kim, Dong Won;Kim, Won Taek
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • 제32권3호
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    • pp.170-178
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    • 2014
  • Purpose: We sought to evaluate the clinical outcomes of 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) for portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) alone in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data on 46 patients who received 3D-CRT for PVTT alone between June 2002 and December 2011. Response was evaluated following the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Prognostic factors and 1-year survival rates were compared between responders and non-responders. Results: Thirty-seven patients (80.4%) had category B Child-Pugh scores. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score was 2 in 20 patients. Thirty patients (65.2%) had main or bilateral PVTT. The median irradiation dose was 50 Gy (range, 35 to 60 Gy) and the daily median dose was 2 Gy (range, 2.0 to 2.5 Gy). PVTT response was classified as complete response in 3 patients (6.5%), partial response in 12 (26.1%), stable disease in 19 (41.3%), and progressive disease in 12 (26.1%). There were 2 cases of grade 3 toxicities during or 3 months after radiotherapy. Twelve patients in the responder group (15 patients) received at least 50 Gy irradiation, but about 84% of patients in the non-responder group received less than 50 Gy. The 1-year survival rate was 66.8% in responders and 27.4% in non-responders constituting a statistically significant difference (p = 0.008). Conclusion: Conformal radiotherapy for PVTT alone could be chosen as a palliative treatment modality in patients with unfavorable conditions (liver, patient, or tumor factors). However, more than 50 Gy of radiation may be required.

Short-course hypofractionated radiochemotherapy for unresectable locally advanced cancer of the base of tongue: palliation only? A case report and short review of the literature

  • Kalogeridi, Maria-Aggeliki;Kouloulias, Vassilios;Zygogianni, Anna;Kyrgias, George
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • 제32권2호
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    • pp.99-102
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    • 2014
  • We present a case of unresectable cancer of the base of tongue treated with hypofractionated 3D conformal radiotherapy and concomitant chemotherapy. Based on the excellent tumour response in this radiotherapy regimen and international experience in short course treatments we shortly reviewed, we propose that this therapeutic approach could be considered in a curative setting for patients unsuitable for the a standard long course radiochemotherapy schedule.

방사선 입체조형치료를 위한 동적쐐기여과판의 고안과 조직내 선량분포 특성 (Dose Distribution and Design of Dynamic Wedge Filter for 3D Conformal Radiotherapy)

  • 추성실
    • 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.77-88
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    • 1998
  • 쐐기형 선량분포는 임상에 많이 응용하고 있으며 고정쐐기여과판은 선질의 강화와 조사면 주위 의 산란선 증가, 등선량 각도의 불일치, 여과판의 장착 및 취급이 부정확하고 어려우며 입체조형 방사선 치료시 많은 조사면을 입체방향으로 중첩시킴으로서 발생되는 선량의 불균질을 방지하고 동적입체방사선조형치료(dynamic 3D conformal radiotherapy) 및 선량강도조절치료(intensity modulation radiotherapy)를 가능케 하는 동적쐐기여과판을 고안 제작한다. 동적쐐기여과판은 콜리메이터를 움직이면서 선량율을 변화시켜서 최적한 쐐기각의 등량곡선을 얻을 수 있도록 미분치료표(segmented treatment tables: STT) 유도하며 표준형의 STT를 컴퓨터에 입력시킨다. STT에 의하여 생성되는 동적쐐기여과판의 특성과 조직내 선량분포를 쐐기각, 조사변의 크기, 조사선량율둥 여러 조건하에서 측정 분석함으로서 방사선 감수성이 높은 장기 내의 종양과 저항성 이 강한 악성종양치료에 도움을 주며 전반적인 방사선치료 성과를 향상시키고자 한다. 연세암센터에서 가동되는 선형가속기 (Varian Clinac-2100C/D)를 이용하여 6MV 와 10MV 광자선과 쐐기각이 15$^{\circ}$, 30$^{\circ}$, 45$^{\circ}$, 60$^{\circ}$이고 정사각형 조사면의 한변이 4cm 부터 20cm 범위를 0.5cm 간격으로 콜리메이터를 움직이면서 선량 변동량을 표시하는 미분치료표 (STT)를 작성하였다. 쐐기투과선량인자 (wedge transmission factor) 는 표준 물팬텀내에 표준전리함을 장치하고 열린조사면과 미분치료표에 의한 쐐기조사면의 선량비료서 결정하였다. 쐐기여과판에 의한 조직내선량분포와 등량곡선 및 프로파일은 필름으로 측정하고 영상선량측정기로 작성하였다. 수식으로 유도한 미분치료표(segmented treatment tables: STT) 은 쐐기여과판의 쐐기각과 일치하였으며 쐐기투과선량인자는 쐬기각이 클수록 감소하였으며 조사변이 클수록 적어졌고 조사면 크기와의 관계는 비선형적이었다. 동적쐐기여과판에 의한 등량곡선의 쐐기 기울기는 고형여과판보다 더욱 일치된 경사각을 유지하였다. 심부선량백율은 열린조사면에 의한 것과 거의 비슷하였으며 고형쐐기여과판의 심부율보다 약간 줄어들었다. 동적쐐기여과판은 고형쐐기여과판보다 사용상, 선량측정 및 선량분포에 서 장점이 많으며 피부와 여과판사이의 길이가 길어서 침대에 부딪치는 일이 없고 피부의 산란선 오염이 감소되어 치료효과를 상승시킬 수 있다. 동적쐐기조사방법을 개발함으로서 지금까지 방사선 후유증과 종양의 불균일한 선량배열로 치료의 어려움이 있었던 분야를 개척할 수 있으며 동적입체 방사선조형치료 (dynamic 3D conformal radiotherapy) 및 선량강도조정치료 (intensity modulation radiotherapy)를 가능하게 함으로서 방사선치료성과를 향상시킬 수 있다.

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Hypofractionated radiotherapy for early glottic cancer: a retrospective interim analysis of a single institution

  • Lee, Jeong Won;Lee, Jeong Eun;Park, Junhee;Sohn, Jin Ho;Ahn, Dongbin
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • 제37권2호
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    • pp.82-90
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    • 2019
  • Purpose: To evaluate the results of hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFX) for early glottic cancer. Materials and Methods: Eighty-five patients with cT1-2N0M0 squamous cell carcinoma of the glottis who had undergone HFX, performed using intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT, n = 66) and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D CRT, n = 19) were analyzed. For all patients, radiotherapy was administered at 60.75 Gy in 27 fractions. Forty-three patients received a simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) of 2.3-2.5 Gy per tumor fraction. Results: The median follow-up duration was 29.9 months (range, 5.5 to 76.5 months). All patients achieved complete remission at a median of 50 days after the end of radiotherapy (range, 14 to 206 days). The 5-year rates for locoregional recurrence-free survival was 88.1%, and the 5-year overall survival rate was 86.2%. T2 stage was a prognostic factor for locoregional recurrence-free survival after radiotherapy (p = 0.002). SIB for the tumor did not affect disease control and survival (p = 0.191 and p = 0.387, respectively). No patients experienced acute or chronic toxicities of ≥grade 3. IMRT significantly decreased the dose administered to the carotid artery as opposed to 3D CRT (V35, p < 0.001; V50, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Patients treated with HFX achieved acceptable locoregional disease control rates and overall survival rates compared with previous HFX studies. A fraction size of 2.25 Gy provided good disease control regardless of SIB administration.

Dosimetric comparison between modulated arc therapy and static intensity modulated radiotherapy in thoracic esophageal cancer: a single institutional experience

  • Choi, Kyu Hye;Kim, Jina;Lee, Sea-Won;Kang, Young-nam;Jang, HongSeok
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • 제36권1호
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    • pp.63-70
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: The objective of this study was to compare dosimetric characteristics of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and two types of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) which are step-and-shoot intensity modulated radiotherapy (s-IMRT) and modulated arc therapy (mARC) for thoracic esophageal cancer and analyze whether IMRT could reduce organ-at-risk (OAR) dose. Materials and Methods: We performed 3D-CRT, s-IMRT, and mARC planning for ten patients with thoracic esophageal cancer. The dose-volume histogram for each plan was extracted and the mean dose and clinically significant parameters were analyzed. Results: Analysis of target coverage showed that the conformity index (CI) and conformation number (CN) in mARC were superior to the other two plans (CI, p = 0.050; CN, p = 0.042). For the comparison of OAR, lung V5 was lowest in s-IMRT, followed by 3D-CRT, and mARC (p = 0.033). s-IMRT and mARC had lower values than 3D-CRT for heart $V_{30}$ (p = 0.039), $V_{40}$ (p = 0.040), and $V_{50}$ (p = 0.032). Conclusion: Effective conservation of the lung and heart in thoracic esophageal cancer could be expected when using s-IMRT. The mARC was lower in lung $V_{10}$, $V_{20}$, and $V_{30}$ than in 3D-CRT, but could not be proven superior in lung $V_5$. In conclusion, low-dose exposure to the lung and heart were expected to be lower in s-IMRT, reducing complications such as radiation pneumonitis or heart-related toxicities.