• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.71-86
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• 2002

This study's purpose is to gain basic data for the factory automation of manufacturing custom-made girdles. For this study , obese women in their 30s and 40s was experimented through direct measuring and by the 3D scanner, by means of which the proportions of the subject's body was measured. Based upon the results of this experiment, individually designed girdles were made. In order to gain the basic data for the factory automation of manufacturing custom-made girdles, the patterns and the clothing pressure and the feeling of wearing such girdles were analyzed. This study can be summarized as follows: The material properties and the designs of existing functional girdles in the market were studied thoroughly, and the subject were required to wear those existing girdles. On the basis of this result, the experimental girdles were designed and produced which could serve well the subject's intension. The experimental girdles were of the basic long-type in order to apply to all sorts of girdles, and they were produced according to the style and pattern of the existing grading system. The second experiment was conducted by applying the subject's body measurements. Due to the elasticity of the material, in girdles the smaller measurements were to be used in this second experiment were: 80% of waist size, 84% of the hip and 85% of the thigh. To determine the length of the girdles, the same measurements were applied. The test results of the feeling of wearing the experimental girdles showed that the second, custom-made experimental girdles were better. According to the test results of the clothing pressure, the second experimental girdles(custom-made girdles) marked the higher pressure than the first on every part of the body, especially on the hips and thighs. Thus, it can be said that the second experimental girdles are better than the first in lifting up the hips. It is expected that the design methods developed in this study can be utilized as basic resources for the factory automation system of manufacturing custom-made girdles.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.662-670
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• 2015

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of feeding barley naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins on growth performance, vulva swelling, and digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein of gilts and the recovery of gilts fed normal diets immediately after the exposure to contaminated diets by measuring growth performance and vulva swelling. In Exp. 1, four diets were prepared to contain 0%, 15%, 30%, or 45% contaminated barley containing 25.7 mg/kg deoxynivalenol and $26.0{\mu}g/kg$ zearalenone. Sixteen gilts with an initial body weight (BW) of 33.3 kg (standard deviation = 3.0) were individually housed in a metabolism crate and assigned to 4 diets with 4 replicates in a randomized complete block design based on BW. During the 14-d feeding trial, individual BW and feed consumption were measured weekly and the vertical and horizontal lengths of vulva were measured every 3 d. From d 10, feces were collected by the maker-to-marker method for 4 d. Blood samples were collected on d 14. During the overall period, the average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain:feed of pigs linearly decreased (p<0.01) as the dietary concentration of contaminated barley increased. However, the digestibility of crude protein was linearly increased (p = 0.011) with the increasing amounts of contaminated barley. Increasing dietary Fusarium mycotoxin concentrations did not influence vulva size, blood characteristic as well as immunoglobulin level of pigs. In the Exp. 2, a corn-soybean meal-based diet was formulated as a recovery diet. Pigs were fed the recovery diet immediately after completion of the Exp. 1. During the 14-d of recovery period, the individual BW and feed consumption were measured weekly and the vertical and horizontal length of vulva were measured every 3 d from d 0. On d 7, the feed intake of pigs previously fed contaminated diets already reached that of pigs fed a diet with 0% contaminated barley and no significant difference in growth performance among treatments was observed during d 7 to 14 of the recovery period. In conclusion, increasing levels of mycotoxins in diets linearly decreased the growth performance of pigs, and these damages can be recovered in 7 d after the diet was replaced with a normal diet. The vulva size, blood characteristic, immune responses were not affected by increasing level of contaminated barley in the diets fed to pigs.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.384-395
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate whether a novel formulation of an herbal extracts has an inhibitory effect on obesity. To determine its anti-obesity effects, we performed anti-obesity-related experiments in vitro and in vivo. Thus, our present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-obesity effect of herbal extracts using a high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model and 3T3-L1 adipose cells. The effects of each herbal extracts on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells were examined using Oil Red O staining. Results showed that treatment with each herbal extracts at $10{\sim}100{\mu}g/ml$ had no effect on cell morphology and viability. Without evidence of toxicity, herbal extracts treatment decreased lipid accumulation compared with the untreated adipocytes controls as shown by the lower absorbance of Oil Red O stain. Futhermore, compared with control-differentiated mature adipocytes, each herbal extracts significantly inhibited lipid accumulation in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In the HFD-fed obese mice, body weight, liver weight and white adipose tissue weights were significantly reduced by mixture of herbal extracts administration in mouse skin. Futhermore, we found that mixture of herbal extracts administration suppressed serum triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TCHO) in HFD-induced obese mouse model. The mixture of herbal extracts of permeability was estimated by measuring the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) value in pig skin. The optimized formulations of herbal extracts (Test 3 formulation) showed skin permeation. However, test 1 formulation containing essential oil as enhancer showed maximum skin permeation. After confirming the enhanced skin permeability, in vivo studies were performed to assess whether skin irritation potential on the basis of a primary irritation index (PII) in rabbit skin. Reactions were scored for erythema/edema reactions at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h post-application. It was concluded that the test 1 formulation was not irritation (PII = 0). The present study suggests that the test 1 formulation might be of therapeutic interest with respect to the treatment of obesity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.665-671
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• 1992

To investigate the effects of immunization against somatostatin (SRIF) on growth rate, feed efficiency and carcass quality; forth-eight Yorkshire gilts ($age=37.5{\pm}4.3d,\;wt=8.2{\pm}1.6kg$) were randomly assigned to one of the following three treatments (1) control, (2) bovine serum albumin (BSA) and (3) SRIF. Cyclic SRIF was conjugated to BSA as the antigen containing 1 mg of SRIF diluted in 3 ml of saline. The conjugate was injected subsutaneously together with bacterial cell protein (BP) adjuvant on both sides of the neck of each gilt as the initial injection with three subsequent booster injections. Throughout the experiment all pigs were fed ad libitum a corn-soy diet containing 20% protein. Body weight and feed intake were measured on a weekly basis. All pigs in the experiment were slaughtered when they approached 101 kg body weight on the weekly weigh day. After slaughter, carcass parameters were analyzed to assess carcass quality. Results revealed that there were no differences among SRIF, BSA and control treatments for average daily gain, feed efficiency and feed intake during the first 5 wk of the experiment and from 6 wk to slaughter. The results for carcass analysis indicated that active immunization against SRIF had no effect on fat content, lean yield, water content and Canadian carcass index These data, collectively, suggest that the protocol employed in the present investigation for active immunization against SRIF is not an effective method for the enhancement of pig growth and improvement of feed efficiency and carcass quality.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.389-400
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• 2007

Statement of problem. Use of the conventional dental impression procedure is problematic in patients who have difficulty opening their mouth, difficulty breathing through their nose or tendency to gag. Purpose. It is necessary to make individual trays more comfortable for patients during impression taking procedure. It was reported at the KAP Annual Meeting 2001 Seoul that an improved impression technique was suitable for this purpose. In this study, the accuracy of the improved dental impression method for implant was compared with the conventional dental impression method. Material and methods. An oral simulator was made from clear acrylic resin block which had similar form of edentulous ridge. For setting up the standard, five fixtures were installed on it. Study casts were made using two kinds of impression techniques. One was the conventional method that was taken using silicone impression material and an individual resin tray under connection of inter-fixture relation. The other was the improved method in which was the connection of the impression coping and the thermoformed polymethyl methacrylate tray. In addition, two different study casts were made from the improved impression body. The coordinates of the fixture on the study model were measured by three-dimensional coordinate measuring equipment. Then the distances between each fixture were calculated and compared with that of oral simulator. Accuracy of the each impression method was also assessed. Results. The differences of inter-fixture dimension between study casts and simulator in the improved impression technique showed $0.014{\pm}0.016mm$ and $0.017{\pm}0.022mm$, respectively and that of the conventional method was $0.017{\pm}0.014mm$. There was no significant difference between the improved impression technique and conventional method. Conclusion. The improved impression technique is useful for multiple support implants.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.181-184
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• 2015

Evaluation of radiating radiofrequency fields from hand-held and body-mounted wireless communication devices to human bodies are conducted by measuring the specific absorption rate (SAR). The uncertainty of system validation and probe calibration in SAR measurement depend on the variation of RF power used for the validation and calibration. RF input power for system validation or probe calibration is controlled manually during the test process of the existing systems in the laboratories. Consequently, a long time is required to reach the stable power needed for testing that will cause less uncertainty. The standard uncertainty due to this power drift is typically 2.89%, which can be obtained by applying IEC 62209 in a normal operating condition. The principle of the Automatic Input Power Level Control System (AIPLC), which controls the equipment by a program that maintains a stable input power level, is suggested in this paper. The power drift is reduced to less than ${\pm}1.16dB$ by AIPLC, which reduces the standard uncertainty of power drift to 0.67%.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.718-723
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• 2000

Nowadays, one of the major technical issues in manufacturing is how to implement an virtual plant as an well-designed, integrated environment for sharing information and engineering collaboration among diverse engineering activities. The systematic approaches to make a virtual plant based on a 3-dimensional CAD, cell and line simulation, database and internet technologies are proposed in this paper. To do that, measuring and 3D CAD modeling technologies of many equipments, facilities and structures of the building are developed, effective management of information including models and related files in WWW environment is implemented, and precise simulations of unit cell and whole structured plant are performed. For the beginning of implementing a Virtual Automotive Plant, the Virtual Plant for the Body Shop of a Korean automotive company is constructed and implemented. Using this Virtual Plant, shorten car development time and cost saving are possible.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.1271-1284
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• 2011

This study improves the fitness of Air Force winter service uniforms through the development of a shirt pattern drafting method and automatic pattern drafting program for MTM production. A calculation formula is formed through a correlation analysis and regression analysis using Size Korea 2004 3D measurement data after analyzing 4 kinds of existing shirt pattern drafting methods and 3 types of shirt patterns currently used for the Air Force service uniform. The results of this study are as follows: The developed pattern drafting method has 4 parts that use calculated dimensions: neck base width, front interscye, back interscye and scye depth. Other body measuring parts that have a high correlation with calculation parts are inserted into regression analysis as independent variables to create dimension calculation formulas. The result of the final study patterns were better than existing winter service uniforms in nearly all items for the appearance evaluation and motion adaptability evaluations. The method was converted into an automatic pattern drafting program using C++ after the completion of pattern drafting method development.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.967-972
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• 2017

Objective: Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of forage-to-concentrate (F:C) ratio on the nutrient digestibility and enteric methane ($CH_4$) emission in growing goats and Sika deer. Methods: Three male growing goats (body weight $[BW]=19.0{\pm}0.7kg$) and three male growing deer ($BW=19.3{\pm}1.2kg$) were respectively allotted to a $3{\times}3$ Latin square design with an adaptation period of 7 d and a data collection period of 3 d. Respiration-metabolism chambers were used for measuring the enteric $CH_4$ emission. Treatments of low (25:75), moderate (50:50), and high (73:27) F:C ratios were given to both goats and Sika deer. Results: Dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility decreased linearly with increasing F:C ratio in both goats and Sika deer. In both goats and Sika deer, the $CH_4$ emissions expressed as g/d, g/kg $BW^{0.75}$, % of gross energy intake, g/kg DM intake (DMI), and g/kg OM intake (OMI) decreased linearly as the F:C ratio increased, however, the $CH_4$ emissions expressed as g/kg digested DMI and OMI were not affected by the F:C ratio. Eight equations were derived for predicting the enteric $CH_4$ emission from goats and Sika deer. For goat, equation 1 was found to be of the highest accuracy: $CH_4(g/d)=3.36+4.71{\times}DMI(kg/d)-0.0036{\times}neutral$ detergent fiber concentrate (NDFC,g/kg)+$0.01563{\times}dry$ matter digestibility (DMD,g/kg)-$0.0108{\times}neutral$ detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD, g/kg). For Sika deer, equation 5 was found to be of the highest accuracy: $CH_4(g/d)=66.3+27.7{\times}DMI(kg/d)-5.91{\times}NDFC(g/kg)-7.11{\times}DMD(g/kg)+0.0809{\times}NDFD(g/kg)$. Conclusion: Digested nutrient intake could be considered when determining the $CH_4$ generation factor in goats and Sika deer. Finally, the enteric $CH_4$ prediction model for goats and Sika deer were estimated.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2011

본 시험은 생후 6개월 령의 육성기 거세한우 6두($180.6{\pm}3.1$ kg)를 공시하여 옥수수 위주의 농후사료 60%와 티모시 건초 40% 비율로 급여하였고 TDN 함량은 71.4%, CP는 14.6%이었다. 시험은 Korean Feeding Standard for Hanwoo (2007)에 따라 일당 증체량 0 kg, 0.4 kg, 0.7 kg/일에 필요한 각각의 TDN 함량 1.70 kg (Low), 2.05 kg (Medium), 2.80 kg (High)의 공시사료를 섭취할 수 있도록 하는 duplicated 3 ${\times}$ 3 Latin square design으로 수행하였다. 에너지 수준에 따른 급여사료는 전량 섭취하였고, 일반적으로 건물섭취량의 증가가 반추위 통과속도를 높이기 때문에 소화율이 낮아지지만 본 실험에서는 건물, 조단백질, 조지방, 조섬유의 소화율은 차이가 없었다 (P>0.05). 섭취 에너지 수준별 평균 대사 체중 당 총에너지 섭취량은 180.2, 292.7와 337.2 kcal/$BW^{0.75}$이었다(P<0.001). 처리구별 총 에너지섭취량이 증가하면서 분으로 손실된 에너지도 51.1에서 99.71kcal/$BW^{0.75}$로 유의적으로 증가함(P<0.001)에 따라 가소화에너지는 약 70%로 처리 간 차이가 없었다. 뇨로 손실된 에너지는 3.5에서 7.9 kcal/$BW^{0.75}$로 유의적으로 증가하였고(P<0.03), 반추위 발효과정에서 발생되는 메탄가스에 의한 에너지 손실도 15.0에서 20.5 kcal/$BW^{0.75}$로 증가하는 경향을 보였다(P=0.06). 체열에 의한 손실량은 수준별로 차이가 없었지만, 총에너지섭취량(GE)에 대한 비율은 60.4, 41.2와 34.1%로 에너지 섭취량이 높아질수록 감소하였다. 대사에너지 섭취량 수준 110.6, 186.3, 209.1 kcal/$BW^{0.75}$와 각각의 체 축적 에너지 1.67, 65.76, 94.25 kcal/$BW^{0.75}$의 관계식을 통해 구한 X축 절편 값, 즉 유지를 위한 에너지 요구량은 109.8 kcal/$BW^{0.75}$로 나타났다.