• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.199-206
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• 2020

Background: In a wide range of industries, noise-induced hearing loss remains one of the most prevalent occupational problems. This study aimed to assess the noise exposure level and associated factors of hearing loss among textile workers in Yangon Region, Myanmar. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a Textile mill (Thamine), Yangon Region, from April to December 2018. In total, 226 workers who were randomly selected from 3 weaving sections participated in face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. A digital sound level meter and pure-tone audiometer were used for the assessment of noise exposure level and hearing loss, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the associated factors of hearing loss. Results: In total workers, 66.4% were exposed to ≥85 dB(A) of noise exposure, and the prevalence of hearing loss was 25.7%. Age ≥35 years, below high school education, hearing difficulty, tinnitus, hypertension, > 9 years of service duration in a textile mill were positively associated with hearing loss. After adjusting confounding factors, age ≥35 years (adjusted odds ratio = 6.90, 95% confidence interval = 3.45-13.82) and tinnitus (adjusted odds ratio = 2.88, 95% confidence interval = 1.13-7.37) were persistently associated with hearing loss. Conclusion: Providing occupational hazard education and enforcement of occupational safety regulations should be taken to decrease the noise exposure level. The regular audiometry test should be conducted for assessment of hearing threshold shift. The employer needs to implement a hearing conservation program in workplace when noise exposure reaches or exceeds 85 dB(A) for 8 hours.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.786-794
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze and classify breast shape of women aged 11~15 using 3D body scan data. In this study, 250 women's body scans were selected from the 6th Size Korea dataset, and 30 items from each of the scan were measured using RapidForm XOR 3 program. The principal component analysis and cluster analysis were conducted using statistical program SPSS 17.0. The five principal components were identified; breast drooping and breast capacity, size from chest to under bust area, breast protrusion, breast height, and under breast angle & outer distance of breast. As the results of cluster analysis, woman's breast types were classified into four types. The breast type 1 was protrusion type (25.1%) which is considered as the breast maturity stage. The breast type 2 had the most drooped breast covering a large area (20.2%). The breast type 3 had the least prominent breast with a highest nipple point, which was considered as the early breast development stage (38.9%). The breast type 4 had the obesity of the chest and breast circumferences with the slightly prominent and the least drooped breast (15.8%). This study can provide fundamental information to develop sizing system and brassiere pattern for junior girls.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.80-85
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of armscye circumference which will be used to develop total contents for the apparel industry. The subjects of this study were 16- to 49-year-old women whose 3D body shape data were analyzed. 72 length and length-ratio measurements were taken to each subject' armscye circumference. The used analysis methods are descriptive statistics, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis. The results are follows; 1. Considering the Length of armscye circumference, the result of principal component analysis were extracted 3 factors and those factors comprised 95% of total variance. As the result of the cluster analysis of factor scores, subjects were classified into 4 cluster by their size characteristic. 2. Considering the length-ratio of armscye circumference, the result of principal component analysis were extracted 5 factors and those factors comprised 96.45% of total variance. As the result of the cluster analysis of factor scores, subjects were classified into 5 cluster by their shape characteristic. So that, this research could be useful to manufacture garment which reflected 3D body figure and improved fitting.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.500-507
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• 2010

In this study, physical properties were studied by using latent stretching yarn in order to develop the texturing yarn technique for super bulky yarn, which is better in bulkiness and handle than natural wool and also adds property of synthetic fiber to natural wool. In order to obtain textured conditions by analysing basic properties for manufacturing DTY yarn with super bulky property, DTY 50d/12 after spinning latent yarn spined POY 80d/12 was obtained under the two conditions of (i) false twist(T/M) level 3 in DTY texturing and (ii) draw ratio level 4 in draw texturing. For DTY texturing yarn, Elongation rate increased as the heat treatment time and temperatures increased. In addition, shrinkage became higher as false twist was higher, so that elongation rate became lower. When annealing became longer in time and higher in temperature, initial modulus increased. In addition, as the count of false twist increased, the initial modulus showed higher values. For draw texturing yarn, under the conditions of heat temperature 180 and heating time 30 minutes, shrinkage rate in draw ratio 1.55 and 1.6 draw ratio was 7%, and that in 1.65 and 1.7 draw ratio was 8.5%. High draw ratio samples' tenacity was much influenced by heating time and temperature, but low draw ratio samples' tenacity was influenced not by treated time, but by treated temperature.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.36-51
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• 2012

Quilting, a technique to join two or more layers of fabrics, has long been used in the textile and fashion sectors. To evaluate dimensional effect of quilting that changes according to the characteristics of fabrics, 3D scanning method is employed in this study. Goal of this study is to interpret how fabric's composition, stiffness, thickness, and weight affect the appearance when quilted fabrics are used in a garment. Surface reconstruction method based on 3D scanning is used as a research method to evaluate the changing appearance depending on the material properties quantitatively with the quilting method. Besides, exemplary virtual clothing is realized through a virtual quilting method in 3D digital clothing system based on the properties of fabrics.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.363-369
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• 2006

In this the study, Lyocell fabrics for blanket were developed to get high value added goods for elder and Infant. Therefore, the purpose of the study was determine the effect of twist per inch on the physical properties of developed fabrics, including compression property and abrasion resistance on the process for making Lyocell combined yarns. For comparison, commonly used cotton blanket was used. The results were as the follows: 1) Dimensional changes of Lyocell fabrics was in -3% which value was pretty stable, and antistatic property was very good with 10V of electric propensity voltage which means there was no static electricity at all. Pilling property of Lyocell fabrics showed 3 grade which was good and air permeability and moisture vapor transmission rate of Lyocell fabrics were higher than those of cotton fabric and keeping warmth rate of Lyocell fabrics was about 50% which means it very warms. 2) Twist per inch of Lyocell combined yarns increased with tensile strength and elongation of Lyocell fabrics. 3) Twist per inch of Lyocell combined yarns increased with decreasing thickness reduction rate and therefore, compression property of those was pretty good. Specially, compression property of Lyocell fabrics made with yarns of 3.9TPI was better than those of cotton fabric. 4) Twist per inch of Lyocell combined yarns increased with abrasion resistance of Lyocell fabrics.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.457-467
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• 2016

This study aimed to develop functional underwear for elderly women in their sixties in terms of good fit, wear comfort and body temperature regulation. To satisfy elderly women's physical and metabolical needs, an automatic temperature control system via PCM treatment was applied. Underwear pattern was produced by producing body surface replica, which was derived from 3D body parametric model. Differential ratios of outline length and area between 3D surface and 2D plane were 1.4% and 0.5%, respectively. The reduction rate was determined as 10% through the expert's evaluation. PCM treated fabric showed higher Q-max, meaning that it can facilitate the thermal transition in hot situation. Moreover, it also showed higher insulation to preserve heat and keep warm microclimate in a cold weather. Heat distribution measurements on various body parts revealed that the temperature after PCM treatment was significantly higher. The clothing pressure after 10% pattern reduction showed higher before reduction, at the same time, even lower than the comfort clothing pressure range of $5{\sim}10gf/cm^2$, implying that experimental garment of this research is acceptable in terms of clothing pressure. Evaluation results on the comfort to move in various motions proved that adequate clothing pressure improved the wear comfort in various motions.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.28-43
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• 2013

Recent trends toward the collaborations among various sectors of academia and research areas have brought interests and significances in new activities especially in the fashion and textile areas. One of the collaboration examples is the recent research projects on 3D virtual clothing systems based on the 3D CAD software. The 3D virtual clothing systems provide simulated apparels with high degrees of fidelity in terms of color, texture, and structural details. However, since real fabrics exhibit strong nonlinearity, anisotropy, viscoelasticity, and hysteresis, the 3D virtual clothing systems need fine tuning parameters for the simulation process. In this study, characteristics of silk fabrics, which are woven by using degummed silk and raw silk yarns, are being analyzed and compared. Anisotropic properties may be measured as warp and filling direction properties separately in woven fabrics, such as warp tensile stress or filling bending rigidity. Hysteretic properties may be measured as bending hysteresis or shear hysteresis by using KES measurements. These data provide deformation-force relationships of the fabric specimen. Three-dimensional effects obtained when using these characteristic fabrics are also analyzed. The methods to control the three-dimensional appearance of the sewn fabric specimens when utilizing a programmable microprocessor-based motor device, as prepared in this study, are presented. Based on the physical and mechanical properties measured when using the KES equipment, the property parameters are being into a 3-dimensional virtual digital clothing system, in order to generate a virtual clothing product based on the measured silk fabric properties.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to develop slacks pattern of elderly women aged over 60s by using the virtual twin and 3D virtual garment simulation system. The results were as follows; first, By using 3D Virtual Garment Simulation, new slacks pattern considered elderly women was development. The basic numerical formula were as follows, front waist girth W/4+2+1.5, back waist girth W/4+1.5+0.5, front hip girth H/4+0.75, back hip girth H/4+1.5, front crotch extension H/16-0.5, back crotch extension H/8-1.3, front dart amount 2 and back dart amount 1.5. Second, according to the results of the new slacks pattern's appearance evaluation, it estimated more highly than existing pattern in silhouette and ease amount, confirming that new slacks pattern is appropriate for the elderly women. Also, new slacks pattern was evaluated to allow proper space length of waist, abdomen and hip. Virtual models production through 3D body scan data, pattern draft and virtual garment digital program were applied to prototypic design method so as to enhance the fitness of ready-made garments. The use of the virtual twin made it impossible to comprehend the appearances and ease correspondent to motions. In order to evaluate wearing fitness, therefore, the system should be improved so as to change arm positions and perform various motions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2011.03a
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• pp.63-63
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• 2011

The donor-${\pi}$-acceptor (D-${\pi}$-A) chromophoric dye system has received great attention in variety fields such as electroluminescent materials, sensors and optoelectronic devices. There are many research activities focused on the development for abovementioned application materials with the high-performance properties. In the previous work, we are reported that novel D-${\pi}$-A dye, 2-[4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzylidene]-2,3-dihydroinden-1-one, is successfully attained and exhibited a positive fluorescence solvatochromism. In this work, the molecular structure and packing geometry of 2-[4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzylidene]-2,3-dihydroinden-1-one was discussed by their conformational structure. Their single yellow prism crystal having approximate dimensions of $0.30{\times}0.10{\times}0.10$ mm was carried out with a Rigaku RAXIS RAPID imaging plate area detector with graphite monochromated $CuK_{\alpha}$ radiation. Their crystal structure were solved by using the CrystalStructure crystallographic software package.